CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS (CPAR)

ART - Latin word “ARS” meaning SKILL/SKILLS

-Is a creative expression and has the story of our heritage

-Art is creation.
-Creating something new, something original and something different
-Art is life. It is creating life on a material and making inanimate objects to have life.
-To create art is to give life according to Ramon Orlina, glass Scupltor.
-Arts produced by the national artist and new to us.
-“Art has the power to render sorrow beautiful, make loneliness a shared experience, and transform
despair into hope.” Brené Brown

SPOLARIUM BY JUAN LUNA

1st place in Madrid Spain 1884
MEASURING 4.22M X7.765 meters
LARGE OIL-BASED PAINTING
LARGEST PAINTING HANGING IN THE NATIONAL MUSEUM

What is CONTEMPORARY ART?

-Contemporary art is the art of today, produced in the second half of the 20th century or the 21st
century.
-Contemporary artists work in a globally influenced, culturally diverse, and technologically advancing
world. Their art is a dynamic combination of materials, methods, concepts, and subjects that continues
to challenge the boundaries that are already well underway in the 20th century.
-Contemporary art is distinguished by the very lack of a uniform, organizing principle, ideology, or "-ism".
-Contemporary art is part of a cultural dialogue that concerns larger contextual frameworks such as
personal and cultural identity, family, community, and nationality

BALANGIGA BELLS IN EASTER SAMAR 2003.

MODERN ART VS CONTEMPORARY ART

Modern art - Includes artistic work produced during the period extending roughly from the 1860s to the
1970s, and denotes the styles and philosophy of the art produced during that era. The term is usually
associated with art in which the traditions of the past have been thrown aside in a spirit of experimentation.
PHILIPPINE CONTEMPORARY ART

The Philippines is a gold mine of ART. It allows Filipino artists to portray the subject and the medium
in innovative and skillful ways, reflecting Filipino identity. The art of the Philippines has been influenced by
almost all spheres of the globe. It had the taste of the Renaissance, Baroque, and Modern Periods through
the colonizers who arrived in the country. The art of the Philippines refers to the works of art that have
developed and accumulated in the Philippines from the beginning of civilization in the country up to the
present era.

CONTEMPORARY ARTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

Conceptual - the focus is on the idea, which can be either abstract or social.
Social – current social & political topics are dealt with, often from a critical perspective.
Expressive – both content & form is meaningful & communicative.
Popular culture - issues and aspects of popular culture are dealt with, either by conceptualizing or
criticizing.
Poetic - content or form is poetic.
Biographical - means of expression can be social, poetical, or expressive;
Documentary - approach is documentary or holds elements of research
Sense-related - total artwork, installations that are often interactive and affect different senses.

(7) MAJOR ART FORMS

1. Music - an art form that appeals to the sense of hearing, composed by combining notes into harmony.
2. Literature-art form of language through the combined use of words, creating meaning and experience.
3. Theater - An art form of performance. Dramatic text is portrayed on stage by actors and actresses
and is enhanced by props, lights, and sounds. form of art in which artists use their voices and/or their
bodies, often about other objects, to convey artistic expression.
4. Film - a technological translation of theater, special effects are utilized to enhance the storytelling
5. Dance - the art of the human form, the body is used, mobilized, and choreographed in a specific time,
form, and space.
6. Architecture, Designs, and Allied Arts - a structure that is meant to be used as a shelter, its art relies
on the design and purpose of the structure.
7. Visual Arts - Artwork, such as painting, photography, or sculpture, that appeals primarily to the visual
sense and typically exists in permanent form.

One of the most precious living traditions that is kept until today is weaving. Philippine Sculpture is
the most familiar art form among Filipinos. From the transitional carving of anitos to the Santos, to Christ,
and down to the saints, Filipinos find it rather difficult as they are already familiar with it.
Examples: Natives of Batanes or the Ivatans use a headgear called Vacul, made from the fibers
of vuyavuy palm, to protect them from the scorching heat of the sun while working on their farmlands

In the province of Marinduque, those who partake in the celebration of Moriones Festival use
morion masks to portray the Roman soldiers and Syrian mercenaries in the story of the Passion of the
Christ.
In the Visayan Region, maskara, which means Mask is a prominent feature of the festival and also
bears the same name. Maskara are always designed with smiling faces, giving rise to Bacolod being named
the "City of Smiles”

Inhabitants of the Panay Islands are also known for having tattoos or pinta which symbolizes their
“kaisugan” or valor or bravery.

In the Mindanao Area, the Muslim people of Zamboanga are renowned for their colorful “Vintas”.
Tribes of Mindanao are also known for T'nalak, a traditional cloth made by a group of people in Lake Sebu,
South Cotabato called T'bolis. This traditional cloth is hand-woven and made of Abaca fibers which
traditionally have three primary colors, red, black and the original color of the Abaca leaves.

Lastly, Sarimanok, the legendary bird that has become a ubiquitous symbol of Maranao art. It is
depicted as a fowl with colorful wings and a feathered tail, holding a fish on its beak or talons. The head
is profusely decorated with scroll, leaf, and spiral motifs. It is said to be a symbol of good fortune.

CLASSIFICATION OF VARIOUS ART FORMS IN THE PHILIPPINE

Art forms in the Philippines is classified into four major categories. They are Visual Arts, Applied Arts,
Performing Arts and Literature.

1. VISUAL ARTS- these are the art forms that perceived by the eyes. It uses any medium to represent the
artist’s skills, ideas, emotion and imagination. Its function is to aesthetically and intellectually stimulate
the viewer
Forms of Visual Arts:
a. Drawing- is a representation of any form or object by hand through the medium of pencil, pen,
charcoal, etc.
b. Painting- is the art of applying pigments to a surface to present a picture of the subject. It is the art
of using paint in a picture, as a protective coating or as a decoration
c. Sculpture- the art of carving or otherwise forming a three-dimensional work of art that uses
materials such as clay, stone, and wood
c1. Carving- is a sculptural technique that involves using tools to shape a form by cutting or
scraping away from a solid material such as stone, wood, ivory or bone
The Paete Woodcarving tradition runs deep in history, dating back to the pre-Spanish era. Even the
town’s name, Paete, goes away from the Spanish colonizer’s norms of naming places after saints.
It was a result of a misunderstanding between a native and a Franciscan priest.
d. Calligraphy- the art of producing decorative handwriting or lettering with a pen or brush
 Baybayin is a Philippine script. The script is an alpha syllabary belonging to the family of the
Brahmic scripts. It was widely used in Luzon and other parts of the Philippines prior to and during
the 16th and 17th centuries before being replaced by the Latin alphabet during the period of
Spanish colonization.
e. Photography- the art of producing an image of an object on a photographic film

2. APPLIED ARTS- are those in which artistic design is applied to utilitarian objects of everyday use
Forms of Applied Arts:
a. Architecture- the art of designing and constructing buildings, bridges, and other structures to
satisfy individual or communal needs
Ex. Calle Crisologo in Vigan, Ilocos Sur is a street of old Spanish structures, mostly houses of
wealthy families and Filipino-Chinese traders. This is where you’ll see the famous cobblestone
streets that represent Vigan’s image.
b. Fashion Design- the art of designing apparel that is aesthetically pleasing as well as functional. It
involves working with different types of fabrics and patterns which are then designed into
garments
Examples: Barong Tagalog and Baro’t Saya
c. Pottery- the process and the products of forming vessels and other objects with clay and
other ceramic materials, which are fired at high temperatures to give them a hard and durable form.
One of the oldest and most widespread of the decorative art
Ex. Burnay is locally known as Banga in Ilocano, Ilocanos use them for storing like water, rice
grains, vinegar, or fermented fish.
d. Jewelry Design- it involves the design of intricate pieces of jewelry from metals, woods or plastics
Ex. Bontoc Boaya Necklace made of boar’s tusks with rattan and beads
Peineta, or payneta is an ornamental comb that Filipinas wore in their hair during the Spanish
colonization, sometimes with a veil.
e. Weaving- the craft or action of forming fabric by interlacing threads
Ex. Inabel or Abel Iloco is a weaving tradition native to the Ilocano people of Northern Luzon in
the Philippines. The textile it produces is sought after in the fashion and interior design industries
due to its softness, durability, suitability in tropical climates, and for its austere design patterns.
f. Basketry- art and craft of making interwoven objects, usually containers, from flexible vegetable
fibers, such as twigs, grasses, osiers, bamboo, and rushes, or from plastic or other synthetic
materials
A primary function of baskets is to transport objects, mostly agricultural produce. Baskets
(kaing) serve as containers of crops from the fields to the houses and markets and are generally
carried on the head, back, arms, and shoulders. For protection against the elements, there are hats
and raincoats.
g. Interior Design- the art of planning the design, layout, and style of an architectural space, be it a
home or office
3. PERFORMING ARTS- types of art (such as music, dance, or drama) that are performed for an audience
Forms of Performing Arts
a. Dance- is a form of art using rhythmic bodily movement expressing ideas and emotions and
accompanied by music
b. Music- a form of art that combines vocal or instrumental sounds to create a composition
Rondalla was introduced into the Philippines when it was part of the Spanish East Indies.
c. Theater and Film- both use stories that capture the imagination of people. It depicts life’s
experiences through the reenactment of events that take place in real-world or happen in the mind
of the writer
 Zarzuela is a Spanish lyric-dramatic genre that alternates between spoken and sung scenes, the
latter incorporating operatic and popular songs, as well as dance.

4. LITERATURE- according to Webster, it is a collection of writings in prose or verse, especially writings

having excellence of form or expression and expressing ideas of permanent or universal interest. The art
form of language and words are its tools

The Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan logo is a stylized representation of the human form used in
traditional cloth. Below the motif is ‘Manlilikha ng Bayan’ written in ancient Filipino script extensively
used throughout the Philippines at the time of Western contact in the sixteenth century.
NCAA country’s overall policy-making body for the preservation, development, and promotion of
Philippine arts and culture.

What role do Filipino artists play in contemporary arts?

The role is to pass on their artistic knowledge to the community, inspire them and ensure that
aspects of their cultural identity continue to thrive. Likewise, Filipino artists play an important role in
presenting and educating the general public about our history and identity. To support this purpose, the
Philippine Contemporary Art Network (PCAN) was founded on December 8, 2017. The inaugural project
was built around three nodes: knowledge development and circulation, exhibition and curatorial analysis
and public involvement and creative formation.

Magdalena Gamayo – expertise: Abel Weaving

Abel – a traditional woven product from Vigan and Ilocos area that is recognized for its durability and vibrant
colors.
The use of handlooms and other weaving accessories can be traced to the early Spanish
occupation. This equipment was used in homes to weave abel cloth for blankets, pillowcases, and clothes.
These crafts were said to be a major export during the period of the Spanish galleon trade. At present, only
a few barangays in Vigan have maintained this age-old weaving industry.
Abel Weaving as a result of the painstaking process of binatbatan where one has to beat the cotton
pods with bamboo sticks until the seeds are separated from the fluff at the initial stage of weaving plus
other important procedures, a beautiful textile called abel Iloco or inabel is produced.

She began weaving abel, a type of blanket made of cotton woven in various designs, at the age of
16. (16-82 yrs old)
T’NALAK- LANG DULAY artwork, a T’boli-inspired fabric made of delicate abaca fibers woven in a
variety of designs
PIS SYABIT- multi-colored square traditional fabric worn as a headcover by the Tausugs of Jolo
Victorio Edades – National artist for Painting (1976)
- Father of Modern Philippine Painting
- Graduated from UST
F. SIONIL JOSE – National Artist for Literature (2001)
- Jose received the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Journalism
SALVADOR F. BERNAL – National Artist for Theater Design
- He designed almost 300 productions that were notable for their uniqueness.
- Founder of the Philippine Theater Design Association (PATDAT) and by the way of the Philippine
Center of OISTAT

FERNANDO POE JR. – National Artist for Cinema (2006)

- August 20, 1939 to December 14, 2004 (77 yrs old)
- Ronald Allan K. Poe
- His films: Apollo Robles, Batang Maynila
- Was born in Manila Philippines
- He married Susan Roces (1968)
GRAPHIC ART- are arts with length and width also called 2 dimensional arts which are placed in flat
surfaces.
VISUAL ART CATEGORY
PLASTIC ART – It has length, width, and volume
Also called 3 dimensional art

ART INSTALLATION
- The artist used some metal scraps, bottles, and traditional materials like bamboo.
Spaceship installation made from recycled materials in Ilocos

AUDIO VISUAL ARTS

- perceived both by the ears and seen in the eye
-also known as performing arts

MUSIC – It appeals to the hearing and is a combination of notes and harmony.

Classification of music:
VOCAL
INSTRUMENTAL
COMBINATION
DANCE – movement of the body with motion and harmony
ACAPELLA – singing without a musical instrument
INSTRUMENTAL – combination of musical instruments
OPM – music in the Philippines
THEATER – performed not only inside the theater but also outside using their voices and actions to
convey artistic expressions.
LITERARY ARTS – combined words creating a meaning and experience
1. Prose – written in paragraph form

PLAYS/POETRY – composed of lines and stanzas

ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF ARTS

LINE
-refers to a prolongation of a point or a mark on a surface.
-IS A MARK OF A MOVING POINT

a) Horizontal Line creates an impression of serenity and perfect stability. They evoke peace and
calmness
b) Vertical Line creates an impression of strength and perfect stability. Implies to stand attention
c) Diagonal Line creates an impression of action and excitement
d) Curved Line creates an impression of gradual change of direction. Movement in a graceful and flowing
way
e) Circular Line creates an impression of abrupt change of direction

SHAPES AND FORMS – is a two-dimensional figure enclosed by a line.

SHAPE – are flat, they only have length and width
and may be based on natural or living forms. This shape is called an organic shape and can be
irregular or rounded. A shape may also be based on a measured form called a geometric shape.

FORM - gives shape to a piece of art.

A 3 dimensional
Sphere,cube
SPACE – refers to the distance or area. All objects occupy space
- A space may either be positive space or a negative space. Positive space is the space
occupied by the subject, while negative space surrounds it.
TEXTURE – The texture is also how your eye perceives a surface, whether it is flat with little texture or
displays variations on the surface, imitating rock, wood, stone, and fabric
a. Real Texture is the actual texture of an object. Artist create real texture in art to give it visual
interest or evoke a feeling.
b. Implied Texture makes a piece of art look like a certain texture

VALUE – the degree of lightness and darkness

- can be changed by adding white or black to a color and these described as tint and shade
Tint pertains to the lightness of a color.
Shade pertains to the darkness of a color.

COLOR – property possessed by an object of produces different sensations on the eye as a result of the
way the object reflects or emits light

PRINCIPLES OF ART
1. BALANCE refers to the visual weight of the elements of the composition. Balance can be achieved
in 3 different ways:
Symmetry, in which both sides of a composition have the same elements in the same position, as
in a mirror-image, or the two sides of a face.
 Asymmetry, in which the composition is balanced due to the contrast of any of the elements of
art. For example, a large circle on one side of a composition might be balanced by a small square
on the other side.
Radial symmetry, in which elements are equally spaced around a central point, as in the spokes
coming out of the hub of a bicycle tire.

2. CONTRAST can be achieved by juxtapositions of any of the elements of art. Negative/Positive

space is an example of contrast. Complementary colors placed side by side is an example of
contrast.
3. VARIETY pertains to the assortment or diversity of a work of art
4. RHYTHM – regular, repeated pattern in the elements of art
5. MOVEMENTS – the principle of design refers to a way of conveying feelings and emotions.
6. EMPHASIS - is often achieved by contrast. It gives importance and dominance

STEPS IN EVALUATING AN ARTWORK:

DESCRIPTION
ANALYSIS
INTERPRETATION
JUDGEMENT