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Physics Project

Physics project

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Raja Sekaran
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21 views54 pages

Physics Project

Physics project

Uploaded by

Raja Sekaran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment:

Verification of
Ohm's Law

Aim:
To verify Ohm's
Law by
measuring the
current through
and voltage
across a
resistor and
demonstrating
the linear
relationship
between them.
Introduction:
Ohm's Law
states that the
current passing
through a
conductor
between two
points is
directly
proportional to
the voltage
across the two
points,
provided the
temperature
remains
constant. The
law is
mathematically
represented as
(V = IR), where
(R) is the
resistance. This
experiment
aims to verify
Ohm's Law by
plotting the
current-voltage
(I-V)
characteristics
of a resistor
and calculating
its resistance.

Requirements:
1. Resistor (of
known
resistance)
2. DC power
supply
3. Ammeter (to
measure
current)
4. Voltmeter
(to measure
voltage)
5. Connecting
wires
6. Breadboard
or circuit board
7. Rheostat
(variable
resistor)
(optional)
8. Switch

Procedure:
1. Set up the
circuit by
connecting the
resistor,
ammeter,
voltmeter, and
power supply
as shown in the
circuit diagram
(series
connection for
the ammeter
and parallel
connection for
the voltmeter
across the
resistor).
2. Ensure all
connections are
secure. Initially,
keep the power
supply off.
3. Adjust the
power supply
to its minimum
voltage and
switch it on.
4. Gradually
increase the
voltage from
the power
supply in small
increments
(e.g., 1V, 2V,
3V, etc.) and
note the
corresponding
current
readings from
the ammeter
for each
voltage setting.
5. Record the
voltage (V) and
current (I)
readings in a
tabular form.
6. Repeat the
measurements
to ensure
accuracy and
consistency of
the data.

Observation:
| Voltage (V) |
Current (I) |
|-------------|-----
--------|
| 1.0 | 0.1
|
| 2.0 | 0.2
|
| 3.0 | 0.3
|
| 4.0 | 0.4
|
| 5.0 | 0.5
|

(Note: These
are sample
values. Actual
readings may
vary.)

Calculation
1. Plot a graph
of Voltage (V)
on the x-axis
and Current (I)
on the y-axis.
2. Draw the
best-fit line
through the
plotted points.
3. Calculate the
slope of the
line, which
represents the
resistance (R)
of the resistor.

Result
From the
graph, the
slope of the I-V
curve gives the
resistance of
the resistor.
According to
Ohm’s Law, the
graph should
be a straight
line passing
through the
origin,
indicating a
linear
relationship
between
voltage and
current. The
calculated
resistance (R)
from the slope
should match
the known
resistance
value of the
resistor used.

Precautions
1. Ensure all
connections are
tight and
secure to avoid
any loose
connections
that can affect
the readings.
2. Use a
properly
calibrated
ammeter and
voltmeter for
accurate
measurements.
3. Avoid
touching the
resistor and
other
components
during the
experiment as
body heat can
affect
resistance.
4. Increase the
voltage
gradually to
prevent any
sudden surge
of current that
could damage
the resistor or
the measuring
instruments.
5. Make sure
the power
supply is
switched off
before making
any changes to
the circuit
connections.
Sources of
Error
1. Parallax error
while reading
the ammeter
and voltmeter.
2. Fluctuations
in the power
supply voltage.
3. Contact
resistance at
the
connections
which might
affect the
accuracy of
measurements.
4. Inherent
resistance of
the measuring
instruments
affecting the
current and
voltage
readings.
5. Temperature
variations
during the
experiment
that can change
the resistance
of the resistor.
By following
this experiment
setup and
procedure, one
can verify
Ohm's Law and
understand the
relationship
between
voltage,
current, and
resistance in an
electrical
circuit.

Bibliography
https://
www.pw.live/
chapter-
electricity/
ohms-law
http://
vlabs.iitkgp.ern
et.in/be/exp4/
index.html

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