DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL

Secunderabad
NACHARAM | NADERGUL/MAHENDRAHILLS

Key concepts & Practice questions

SUBJECT : Mathematics Worksheet – 2 CLASS : X
CHAPTERS : Triangles, Cordinate geometry and Introduction to Trigonometry
Name: Roll No : Section :
TRIANGLES
1. Two figures having the same shape and same size are congruent figures.
2. Two figures having the same shape but not necessarily of same size are similar figures.
3. All congruent figures are similar but all similar figures need not be congruent.
4. Any two line segments, circles, squares and equilateral triangles are always similar.
5. Two polygons having the same number of sides will be similar if the corresponding angles of the two polygons
are equal and the corresponding sides are proportional.
6. Basic Proportionality Theorem : If a line is drawn parallel to one side
of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in two distinct points, then
the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.
AP AQ
In ∆ ABC , if PQ /¿ BC then =
PB QC
7.Converse of Basic Proportionality Theorem : If a line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, then the line is
parallel to the third side.

8. If ∆ ABC ∆ PQR then

AB BC AC
= = and A=P , B=Q and C=R
PQ QR PR
9. SIMILARITY CRITERIONS FOR TRIANGLES :

(i) A A A Similarity : If the corresponding angles of two triangles are equal, then their corresponding sides are proportional.
The two triangles are similar.

(ii) A A Smilarity : If two angles of one triangle are equal to the corresponding two angles of another triangle, the two
triangles are similar.

(iii) S S S Similarity : If the corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional ( the corresponding angles are equal ) then
the two triangles are similar.

(iv) S A S Similarity : If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of another triangle and the sides including these angles
are in the same ratio, then the two triangles are similar.

10.In ∆ ABC ,if AD BC ∧A=900then

2
(i) AB =BD × BC
 2
(ii) AC =CD × BC
2
(iii) AD =BD × DC
11. The bisector of vertical angle of a triangle divides its base

in the ratio of the other two sides

QS PQ
If PS bisects P of ∆ PQR then =
SR PR
12. If two triangles are similar then the ratio of their corresponding

(i) Sides
(ii) Medians
(iii) Altitudes are equal
(iv) Angular bisectors
(v) Perimeters

13. The diagonals of trapezium divide each other proportionally.

Practice questions
AD AE
1. In the given figure, = and ADE =  ACB . Prove that ∆ ABC is an isosceles
DB EC
triangle.
2. ABCD is a trapezium with AB  DC. E and F are points on nonparallel sides AD and BC
AE BF
respectively such that EF AB . Show that =
ED FC
3. A vertical stick which is 15 cm long casts a 12-cm-long shadow on the ground. At the same time, a vertical tower
casts a 50-m-long shadow on the ground. Find the height of the tower.
4. The perimeters of two similar triangles are 25 cm and 15 cm respectively. If one side of the
first triangle is 9 cm, find the corresponding side of the second triangle.
5. In the given figure, D is a point on the side BC of triangle ABC such that ADC =
BAC . Prove that CA2= CB x CD.
6. The side AD of a parallelogram ABCD is produced to a point E. BE intersects CD at F.
Show that ∆ ABE ∆ CFB .
7. In a circle, two chords AB and CD intersect at a point P inside the circle. Prove that
PA · PB PC ·PD .

COORDINATE GEOMETRY
Distance Formula: √ 2
AB¿ ( x 2−x 1 ) + ( y 2− y 1 )
2

OR

√ ( x −x ) + ( y − y )
1 2
2
1 2
2

Distance between any point ( x , y )∧origin=√ x 2+ y 2.

We use this formula:
i. To find the type of triangle or quadrilateral when coordinates of vertices are given.
ii. equidistant problems
Note: Point on x-axis is in the form of (x, 0) and point on y-axis is (0, y)
 Section Formula:

m n
P (x, y)
A (x1, y1) B (x2,y2)

P(x, y) = ( m xm+n+n x , m ym++ nn y )

2 1 2 1

Midpoint Formula:

If P is the midpoint of AB
A (x1,y1) P B (x2,y2)

then P ¿ ( x 1+ x 2 y 1+ y 2
2
,
2 )
Note: All parallelogram related problems to be done using Midpoint formula
(Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other)
Eg; (i)To fing the coordinates of 4th vertex of parallelogram, rhombus, square and rectangle when the
coordinates of three consecutive vertices are given
(ii) To find the coordinates of vertices of a triangle when the coordinates of midpoints of sides are
given
(iii) To find the coordinates of centre of a circle when coordinates end points of diameter of circle are
give etc…
Points of trisection:
Two points divides the given line segment in to three equal parts in the ratio 1:2 and 2:1
1) Centroid:
If A( x 1 , y 1 ) , B( x 2 , y 2 ) and C( x 3 , y 3 ) are the vertices of a triangle then centroid

G= ( x + x3 + x , y + y3 + y )
1 2 3 1 2 3

1. Find the distance between the points (𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃,0) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (0,𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃).

Practice questions

2. Show that the points (7, 10), (-2, 5) and (3, -4) are the vertices of an isosceles right triangle.
3. Find the point on y-axis which is equidistant from the points (5, -2) and (-3, 2).
4. Find the relationship between x and y if point (x, y) is equidistant from two points (2, 5) ad (-3, 7).

5. Find the coordinates in which the point P that divides the line segment joining the points A (2,-5) and B(5,2) in the
ratio 2:3.
6. Find the coordinates of the points of trisection of line segment joining the points S(2,6) and D(5,7).
7. If P (2,p) is the mid-point of the line segment joining the points A(6,-5) and B(-2,11), find the value of p
8. If A( 5,-10), B(-15,15) and C(5,5) are the vertices of ∆ABC and P is point on the median AD such that AP : PD =
2:3 then find the co-ordinates of P.
9. If (3,3), (6,y), (x,7) and (5,6) are the vertices of parallelogram taken in order then the values of x and y.
10. If A (1, 2), B(4,3) and C(6,6) are the vertices of parallelogram ABCD, find the coordinates of vertex D.
11. A point P divides the join of A (-2, 1) and B (7, 4) in the ratio 3 : 1. Find the coordinates of point P.

12. Find the ratio in which X-axis divides the line segment joining the points (-2, -3) and (-4,5).
13. If coordinates of vertices of a triangle ABC are (1,3), (5,5) and (3,-3) respectively then find the length of the
median through point B.
14. If coordinates of three vertices of a rectangle ABCD are A(-1,-2), B(4,3) and D(-3,0) then find the length of
diagonal AC.
15. Determine the ratio in which the line 3x + y = 9 divides the segment joining the points (1, 3) and
(2, 7). Also find the point of intersection.

Introduction to Trigonometry
In a right angled triangle ,θ is an acute angle
Non Specific Angles:
0
Sinθ= H
H O
A θ
Cos θ=
H
A
0
Tan θ=
A

Reciprocal Ratios:
1
(i) =cosecθ ; sin θ ∙ cosecθ=1
sinθ
1
(ii) =secθ ; cos θ ∙ secθ=1
cosθ
1
(iii) =cotθ; tanθ ∙ cotθ=1
tanθ
Quotient Rule:
sin θ cos θ
tanθ= cot θ=
cos θ sin θ
Specific Angles:
Trigonometric Identities:
2 2
1. sin θ +cos θ=1
2 2
sin θ ¿ 1−cos θ
2 2
cos θ ¿ 1−sin θ
2 2
2. sec θ −tan θ=1
2 2
sec θ ¿ 1+ tan θ
2 2
tan θ=sec θ−1
2 2
3. cosec θ −cot θ=1
2 2
cosec θ ¿ 1+cot θ
2 2
cot θ=cosec θ−1
Practice questions
1. A rhombus of side 14 cm has two angles of 600 each. Find the lengths of diagonals of the rhombus.
1
2. If tanθ=1∧sin ∅ = ,find the value of cos ⁡(θ+∅ ) if both θ∧∅ are acute angles
√2
3. Prove that : tan θ−sin2 θ=tan2 θ .sin 2 θ
2

4. If cosθ +sinθ=√ 2 cosθ, then show that cosθ−sinθ=√ 2 sinθ

2
2 cos A−1
5. Prove that : cotA −tanA=
SinACosA
6. Prove that : (1−sinθ+cosθ )2=2(1+cosθ)(1−sinθ)
2
1+ cosθ−sin θ
7. Prove that : =cotθ
sinθ(1+cosθ)
1
8. If cosθ +sinθ= ,then find the value of sinθ−cosθ .
2
Cosθ 1−sinθ
9. Prove that : + =2 secθ
1−sinθ cosθ
10. Prove that : tan2 θ+ cot2 θ +2=sec 2 θ . cosec 2 θ
11. Prove that : tan2 A sce 2 B−sec 2 A san2 B=tan2 A−tan2 B .
12. Prove that √ sec 2 θ+cosec 2 θ = tan θ + cot θ.
 sinθ 1+ cosθ
13. Prove that + = 2 cosecθ
1+ cosθ sinθ
14. If acosθ + bsinθ= 4 and asinθ - bcosθ = 3 , then find the value of a 2+b 2
15. Prove that (sinα + cosα) (tanα + cotα) = secα + cosecα
16. If 5 sin θ+7 cos θ=7 , then Show that 7 sin θ−5 cos θ=± 5 .
17. If sinθ + 2 cosθ = 1, then show that 2 sinθ – cosθ = 2.
2
p −1
18. If cosec θ+ cot θ = p, then prove that cosθ = 2
p +1