Although, Because

Because- So
1.Because: đứng trước mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ nguyên nhân

Because + mệnh đề 1 (nguyên nhân) , mệnh đề 2 (kết quả)
hoặc Mệnh đề 1 (kết quả) + because + mệnh đề 2 (nguyên
nhân)
Ví dụ: - We went to a restaurant because we were hungry.
-> We were hungry, so we went to a restaurant.
- I was tired because I didn’t sleep last night.
2. So: đứng trước mệnh đè chỉ kêt quả và có cấu trúc như sau:
Mệnh đề 1 (nguyên nhân), + so + mệnh đề 2 (kết quả)
Ví dụ: We were hungry, so we went to a restaurant.
- I didn’t sleep last night, so I was tired.
Bài tập:
1. My cat was hungry ______ it ate a fish.
2. Mary was sick last week _____ she saw a doctor.
3. Thomas is sleepy _________ it’s ten o’clock.
4. I’m tired ______ I didn’t sleep well last night.
5. Stewart bough lunch _______ he was hungry.
6. Birds can fly ______ they can travel long distance.
7. it was raining ______ I took my umbrella.ô
8. Olivia was happy _________ she had a great time at the park.
9. the room is still messy __________ I didn’t clean it.
10. I went home early _________ I was very tired.
11. Sara went shopping ______ she had no food.

12. The dress was very expensive _______ I didn’t buy it.
13. The weather is lovely ________ we are going to the park.
14. I don’t go out at night _________ it isn’t safe.
15. My sister lost her doll ____________ she was very sad.
In spite of/ despite+ N/ cụm Although/ Though/ Even though+

danh từ/ V-ing: mặc dù S+ V ( mệnh đề): mặc dù
Eg: Despite/ in spite of being Eg: Although the weather was bad,
so young/ his young age, he we had a wonderful holiday
performs excellently
( Mặc dù còn rất trẻ nhưng ( Mặc dù thời tiết xấu, chúng tôi
cậu ấy biển diễn rất xuất sắc) vẫn có một kì nghỉ hết sức tuyệt
vời)
S1 + V1; however, S2 + V2 Because/since/as + S + V, S

S1 + V1. However, S + V +V
Eg1: She is young. However, Or: S + V + because/since/as
she is very talented +S+V
Eg2: It rained very hard; Eg1: Because it was raining,
however, I went to school on we stayed indoors. (Vì trời
time. ( Trời mưa rất to, tuy mưa, chúng tôi đã ở trong
nhiên, tôi đi học đúng giờ) nhà.)
Eg2: Since we have enough
time, let's watch a movie. (Vì
chúng ta có đủ thời gian, hãy
xem một bộ phim.)
because of, due to+ V-ing/N: vì
Eg1: We were late because of the traffic. (Chúng tôi đến muộn
vì tắc đường.)
Eg2: I stayed home from work because of being sick. (Tôi nghỉ
làm ở nhà vì tôi bị bệnh)
Ex 1: Complete the sentences, using although, despite/in

spite of. Sometimes, two answers are possible.
1.______ the story of the film was good, I didn’t like the acting.
2.I went to see the film ______ feeling really tired.

3.I really enjoyed the Water War______ most of my friends said it
wasn’t a very good film.
4.______ careful preparation, they had a lot of difficulties in

making the film.
5.______ the film was gripping, Tom slept from beginning to end.
Ex2: Choose the correct answer (A, B, or C).
1. We adore winter ________ 6. The athlete completed the

the cold. race ________ his pain.
A. in spite of A. despite
B. although B. although
C. however C. nevertheless
2. She went to bed early 7. Jane looks pretty. She,

________ she didn’t finish her ________, seems to lack
work. personality.
A. despite A. despite
B. although B. although
C. however C. nevertheless
3. ________ the fact that he is 8. ________ we have a slim

23 years old, he is so childish. chance to win, we won’t lose
hope.
A. In spite
A. Despite
B. Despite
B. Although
C. However
C. However
4. I go to school by bus every
day. ________, I don’t like it 9. ________ of his bad luck, he
much. won the medal.
A. Despite A. In spite
B. Although B. Despite
C. However C. However
5. ________ Jim owns two cars, 10. He is friendly ________ the

he rarely drives to work. fact that he’s very famous.
A. Despite A. despite
B. Although B. although
C. However C. however
Ex3: Fill in the blanks with “although/ despite/ in spite

of”.
1. ________________ she has a good look, everybody hates her.
2. Jane seldom sees Jim ________________ they go to the same

school.
3. ________________ her illness, Jane went to work yesterday.
4. ________________ it was chilly outside, we went fishing.
5. ________________ working hard, Peter failed the test.
6. ________________ the difficulties, Sarah managed to solve the

problem.
7. My grandfather was very strong ________________ his old age.
8. The children slept deeply ________________ the noise.
9. ________________ the high salary, Mary refused the job offer.
10. ________________ earning a high salary, Sara never wastes her

money.
11. I find the film boring________________ many people like it.

12. ________________the bad weather, we went on our school
picnic.
13. ________________the congestion, we weren’t late for the

meeting.
14. ________________ he’s rich, he is always upset.
15. I couldn’t sleep________________ I was exhausted.
Ex 4: Rewrite the sentences without changing its

meaning.
1. Although there was a traffic jam, he managed to arrive at the

train station on time. (despite)
........................................................................................................
.................
2. I don’t want to buy a new computer although I have enough

money. (having)
........................................................................................................
.................
3. Both of them usually go to school late although they don’t live

far away from school. (spite)
........................................................................................................
.................
4. My brother still went to school yesterday although he was sick.

(sickness)
........................................................................................................
.................
6. Despite the fact that Louis is not so rich, he often does charity.
(although)
........................................................................................................
.................
7. In spite of the awful weather, we enjoyed our party last night.
(although)
........................................................................................................
.................

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Because- So

1.Because: đứng trước mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ nguyên nhân

2. Mary was sick last week _____ she saw a doctor.

3. Thomas is sleepy _________ it’s ten o’clock.

4. I’m tired ______ I didn’t sleep well last night.

5. Stewart bough lunch _______ he was hungry.

6. Birds can fly ______ they can travel long distance.

7. it was raining ______ I took my umbrella.ô

9. the room is still messy __________ I didn’t clean it.

10. I went home early _________ I was very tired.

11. Sara went shopping ______ she had no food.

13. The weather is lovely ________ we are going to the park.

14. I don’t go out at night _________ it isn’t safe.

In spite of/ despite+ N/ cụm Although/ Though/ Even though+

S1 + V1; however, S2 + V2 Because/since/as + S + V, S

Ex 1: Complete the sentences, using although, despite/in

2.I went to see the film ______ feeling really tired.

4.______ careful preparation, they had a lot of difficulties in

Ex2: Choose the correct answer (A, B, or C).

1. We adore winter ________ 6. The athlete completed the

2. She went to bed early 7. Jane looks pretty. She,

3. ________ the fact that he is 8. ________ we have a slim

5. ________ Jim owns two cars, 10. He is friendly ________ the

Ex3: Fill in the blanks with “although/ despite/ in spite

1. ________________ she has a good look, everybody hates her.

2. Jane seldom sees Jim ________________ they go to the same

3. ________________ her illness, Jane went to work yesterday.

4. ________________ it was chilly outside, we went fishing.

5. ________________ working hard, Peter failed the test.

6. ________________ the difficulties, Sarah managed to solve the

7. My grandfather was very strong ________________ his old age.

8. The children slept deeply ________________ the noise.

9. ________________ the high salary, Mary refused the job offer.

10. ________________ earning a high salary, Sara never wastes her

11. I find the film boring________________ many people like it.

13. ________________the congestion, we weren’t late for the

14. ________________ he’s rich, he is always upset.

15. I couldn’t sleep________________ I was exhausted.

Ex 4: Rewrite the sentences without changing its

1. Although there was a traffic jam, he managed to arrive at the

2. I don’t want to buy a new computer although I have enough

3. Both of them usually go to school late although they don’t live

4. My brother still went to school yesterday although he was sick.

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3. the fact that he is 8. we have a slim

5. Jim owns two cars, 10. He is friendly the