Course
ENGINEERING
ELECTROTECHNICS N5
(8080085)
PROGRAMME: ELECTRICAL
LECTURER: J GORDON
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CHAPTER 1
DC MACHINES
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TOPIC
E M F E Q U AT I O N
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OUTLINE
1. Learning outcomes
2. Introduction
3. Content
a) Concept
b) Examples
4. Activity
5. Additional Resources
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LEARNING OUTCOMES
You should be able to:
• Calculate the emf of a DC machine using the
emf equation.
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INTRODUCTION
• A DC machine is an electromechanical energy conversion device.
• There are two types of DC machines.
• One is the DC generator.
• The generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
• The other is the DC motor.
• The motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
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CONCEPT
Construction
• Cylindrical yoke – Outer casing that protects the
inner parts.
• Stator – Stationary part. Provides the main
magnetic field.
• Armature – Provides the rotating medium.
• Commutator – Converts AC to DC and provides
unidirectional rotation.
• Brushes - Provides electrical contact to and from
the commutator.
• Armature windings – can be either lap wound or
wave wound
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CONCEPT
EMF equation
• EMF is generated in both the generator and the motor but in the motor it is known as back EMF.
• The EMF can be calculated using the following equation:
2. p. ∅. N. Z p. ∅. n. Z
E= [formula sheet] OR E= [textbook]
60. c a
Where:
p – pairs of poles N – speed in rev/min a and c – parallel paths
Φ – useful flux per pole in webers [Wb] n – speed in rev/sec a = p (Lap wound) or c = 2p
Z – total number of armature conductors a = 1 (wave wound) or c = 2
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CONCEPT
Generator
E = V + IaRa
where:
V – terminal voltage
Ia – armature current
Ra – armature resistance
Ia = IL + If
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CONCEPT
Motor
E = V - IaRa
where:
V – terminal voltage
Ia – armature current
Ra – armature resistance
Ia = IL - If
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EXAMPLES
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EXAMPLES
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ACTIVITY
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ACTIVITY
https://circuitglobe.com/emf-equation-of-dc-
generator.html#:~:text=As%20the%20armature%20rotates%2C%20a,and%20repre
sented%20as%20Er%20%3D%20Eb.
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