Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
TAGUM CITY DIVISION
TAGUM CITY REGIONAL ACADEMY FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
POSSIBLE EXAM QUESTIONS

1. The Philippine Tamaraw (Bubalus mindorensis) is smaller than its relative, the Carabao. An
herbivorous mammal that inhabits the grasslands and forested areas of Mindoro. It has a
stocky build with a shoulder height of about 100-105 centimeters and a body length of
around 200-220 centimeters and possesses a dark brown to grayish-black coat, which helps
it blend into its natural surroundings. How does this reflect the concept of descent with
modification?
A. The tamaraw's smaller size likely evolved as an adaptation to its specific environment in
Mindoro, providing a survival advantage.
B. The tamaraw's ancestors were likely smaller due to a sudden environmental change.
C. The tamaraw's ancestors were likely smaller due to a genetic mutation.
D. The tamaraw's ancestors were likely smaller due to a lack of resources.

2. Which of the following best describes the basis of the present system of classification of
organisms?
A. Based on their evolutionary relationships and shared ancestry.
B. Based on their economic importance to humans.
C. Based on their physical appearance and size.
D. Based on their habitat and geographic location.

3. Which of the following statements best describes how the present system of classification of
organisms is based on evolutionary relationships?
A. According to their molecular and genetic similarities and differences.
B. According to their geographical distribution and adaptation.
C. According to their physical similarities and differences.
D. According to their ecological roles and interactions.

4. What is the significance of using evolutionary relationships in the present system of

classification?
A. It provides insights into the shared ancestry and evolutionary history of organisms.
A. It categorizes organisms based on their ecological roles in an ecosystem.
C. It helps scientists determine the economic value of different organisms.
D. It allows scientists to identify the geographic origin of different species.

5. What is the primary basis for the present system of classification of organisms?
A. Genetic similarities and evolutionary relationships
B. Number of offspring produced per organism.
C. Geographic location and climate
D. Physical appearance and size

6. Which factor directly contributes to the biotic potential of insects in the Philippine
rainforests?
A. Presence of diverse plant species supporting insect life cycles.
B. A decline in the availability of tree canopies for nesting.
C. Reduction in the number of potential insect predators.
D. Limited access to sunlight due to dense vegetation

For questions: 7-8.

7. In a small town in the Philippines, the local government is concerned about the rapid increase
in the population of certain species of birds. They want to understand the factors that
contribute to this population explosion. You are tasked to answer the following questions:
What is biotic potential?
A. The maximum number of offspring that a species can produce.
B. The number of predators in an ecosystem.
C. The availability of food in an ecosystem.
D. The diseases that affect a population.

8. How does environmental resistance affect population explosion?

A. It increases the number of offspring produced by a species.
B. It decreases the availability of food in an ecosystem.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TAGUM CITY DIVISION
TAGUM CITY REGIONAL ACADEMY FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
POSSIBLE EXAM QUESTIONS

C. It decreases the diseases that affect a population.

D. It increases the number of predators in the area.

9. The Rafflesia, a parasitic plant found in the Philippines, is classified under the genus
Rafflesia. What does this classification tell us about its evolutionary relationship?
A. It tells us that the Rafflesia is likely to share a common ancestor with other species in the
Rafflesia genus, but the relationship might not be direct.
B. It tells us that the Rafflesia shares a common ancestor with other species in the Rafflesia
genus, indicating a close evolutionary relationship.
C. It tells us that the Rafflesia may share some characteristics with other species in the same
genus.
D. It tells us that the Rafflesia is not related to any other plant species.

10. What is the primary factor used in the categorization of organisms into the three domains:
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya?
A. The presence or absence of a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles in their cells
B. The presence or absence of a cell wall and its chemical composition in their cells
C. The presence or absence of chlorophyll and other pigments in their cells.
D. The presence or absence of flagella and other appendages in their cells.

11. Together with your classmates in Earth and Life Science class, you went on a field trip to a
fossil museum. While exploring, you came across a fossilized group of extinct marine
arthropods that became dominant in the ocean, particularly during the Cambrian and
Ordovician periods. This discovery provided valuable information about the ancient marine
ecosystem during the Paleozoic Era. Which of the fossils below it refers to it?
A. stromatolites B. Pterosaur
C. Ammonites D. trilobites

12. Which scientist(s) suggested that early Earth was very different from the present day and
that lightning and volcanic activity catalyzed the creation of organic molecules to form a
"primordial soup" from which life arose?
A.Oparin-Haldane B. Miller-Urey
C.Spallanzani D. Pasteur

13. You have learned that the atmosphere of the early Earth was significantly different from that
of the modern Earth in one of your Earth and Life Science lessons. According to experts,
oxygen was severely limited in the early Earth's atmosphere while the planet was also more
exposed to solar radiation and volcanic activity than it is now. In an ecosystem like this one
on Earth, what kind of organism is thought to have evolved first?
A. prokaryotic and anaerobic
B eukaryotic and anaerobic
C. prokaryotic and aerobic
D. eukaryotic and aerobic

14. Stromatolites are layered sedimentary structures formed by trapping and binding sediment
particles by microbial mats. These mats primarily comprise cyanobacteria and other
microorganisms living in shallow marine or freshwater environments. As the oldest known
macrofossils, dating back over 3 billion years. What is the significance of stromatolites in
understanding the history of life on Earth?
A. They represent some of the earliest forms of life on Earth.
B. They provide evidence for the theory of evolution.
C. They show the development of complex organisms.
D. They indicate the presence of dinosaurs.

15. The oxygen revolution changed Earth’s environment dramatically. Which of the following
adaptations took advantage of free oxygen in the ocean’s atmosphere?
A. The evolution of cellular respiration, which used oxygen to help harvest energy from
organic molecules.
B. The evolution of photosynthetic pigments that protected early algae from the corrosive
effects of oxygen.
C. The evolution of multicellular eukaryotic colonies from communities of prokaryotes.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TAGUM CITY DIVISION
TAGUM CITY REGIONAL ACADEMY FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
POSSIBLE EXAM QUESTIONS

D. The evolution of Chloroplast after only protists incorporated photosynthetic

cyanobacteria.

16. Visiting your bird’s park, you notice that one of the bird’s feeds on nectar from flowers where
they obtain fuel to power flight and other work. What unifying themes of life are involved?
A. Reproduction and Development
B. Evolution and Diversity
C. Response to the environment
D. Use of energy

17. In one of your Life Science class experiments, you noticed that the seedlings covered with
caps at the tip grew straight up, while the control seedlings and the seedlings with the bases
covered bent towards the light. Which type of response describes the given scenario?
A. Phototropism B. Gravitotropism
C. Hydrotropism D. Thigmotropism

18. The aerodynamic shape of the bird’s wings determines the flight capabilities of a bird. A bird
that maneuvers in forested habitat must have an elliptical wing while a high aspect ratio
wing is for birds that make a long migration and have a high-speed wing with a slender tip.
What themes of life best describe the given example?
A. Growth & Development
B. Response to the environment
C. Structure & Function
D. Use of energy

19. Below is the diagram used by your Earth & Life Science teacher to show the negative feedback
loop involved in your body. Your teacher asks you to describe how this example represents
the concept of homeostasis. What can you infer from the diagram?

A. The continuous monitoring and adjustment of body temperature to maintain internal

balance.
B. The control of water reabsorption in the kidneys to maintain proper hydration.
C. The dilation of blood vessels and increased sweating to dissipate heat.
D. The control of blood sugar levels through the release of insulin and glucagon.

20. Your class is discussing the theme of structure and function with the respiratory system.
Your teacher asks you to provide an example that illustrates this concept. Which of the
following examples would you choose?
A. The gill filaments have a large surface area, allowing for efficient gas exchange with the
surrounding water.
B. The relationship between bees and flowers for pollination
C. The shape of a bird's beak and its ability to gather food.
D. The development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria

21. Your science teacher instructed you to study a group of organisms living in a desert
ecosystem. How do these organisms adapt to the harsh conditions of their environment?
A. They migrate to a more suitable habitat.
B. They hibernate during the hottest part of the day.
C. They develop long roots to reach underground water sources.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TAGUM CITY DIVISION
TAGUM CITY REGIONAL ACADEMY FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
POSSIBLE EXAM QUESTIONS

D. They have thick waxy coatings on their leaves to reduce water loss.

22. In your biology class, you are tasked to observe under the microscope how reproduction takes
place in bacteria. Together with your groupmates, you discover that a single-celled organism
is dividing into two identical daughter cells and note that this process allows the organism
to reproduce rapidly. What type of reproduction can be observed in the given scenario?
A. Asexual reproduction through parthenogenesis
B. Asexual reproduction through fragmentation
C. Asexual reproduction through binary fission
D. Asexual reproduction through Budding

23. A group of students in your science class is studying the anatomy of earthworms, during the
laboratory work one of the members accidentally cuts an earthworm. They observed that
when an earthworm is cut into two pieces, the anterior part regenerates a new posterior end,
and the posterior part regenerates a new anterior end to develop into a complete worm. What
is this type of regeneration called?
A. Asexual reproduction through fragmentation
B. Asexual reproduction through binary fission
C. Sexual reproduction through budding
D. Sexual Reproduction

24. Imagine that you are observing a group of fish in an aquarium. How do these fish reproduce
and ensure the survival of their species?
A. They lay eggs that are fertilized externally in the water.
B. They give birth to live young that are full.
C. They produce spores that grow into new individuals.
D. They reproduce asexually by splitting into two individuals.

25. You observed a group of animals reproducing sexually and noted that sexual reproduction
results in offspring with unique combinations of genetic traits. What is the advantage of
sexual reproduction?
A. Sexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring.
B. Sexual reproduction leads to slow population growth.
C. Sexual reproduction allows for genetic diversity.
D. Sexual reproduction requires two parents.

26. You are studying a hermaphroditic animal, and you discover that hermaphrodites have both
male and female reproductive organs. What amazes you most when you find out that
hermaphrodites can engage in both self-fertilization and cross-fertilization. What conclusion
you can draw from your findings?
A. Hermaphrodites can reproduce either through asexual or sexual reproduction.
B. Hermaphrodites can only reproduce through asexual reproduction.
C. Hermaphrodites can only reproduce through sexual reproduction.
D. Hermaphrodites can reproduce by self-fertilization.

For items 27-29, refer to the diagram below.

Describe the process of genetic engineering.

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TAGUM CITY DIVISION
TAGUM CITY REGIONAL ACADEMY FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
POSSIBLE EXAM QUESTIONS

27. Mrs. Perez, your biology class teacher explains that genetic engineering has been used to
produce insulin for diabetic patients. She presented the process of genetic engineering step
by step. From that discussion, you have learned that after modifying the organism's DNA,
the next step is the addition of DNA into the target organism. What is this step called?
A. Gene Isolation C. Gene Insertion
B. DNA Modification D. Trait Selection

28. In the process of recombinant DNA, what is the role of plasmid?

A. To cut both the human DNA and bacterial plasmid results in complementary sticky ends
that join by base pairing.
B. Catalyze the joining (ligation) of two molecules by forming a new chemical bond.
C. As vectors that carry foreign DNA molecules.
D. To produce human insulin

29. How is insulin produced through genetic engineering?

A. By extracting insulin from the animal pancreas.
B. By synthesizing insulin in a laboratory
C. By inserting the human insulin gene into bacteria.
D. By modifying the genetic material of human cells.

30. They learn that one of the risks is the potential for the spread of genetically modified traits
to non-GMO crops. What is this phenomenon called?
A. Genetic recombination
B. Genetic mutation
C. Gene isolation
D. Gene Splicing