Blar 3182 Derelict and

reclamation

RECLAMATION
PROJECT -
COASTAL
RECLAMATION
N U R K H A I R I Y A H
A Z H A R
2 0 1 0 2 9 8
 TABLE OF CONTENT
1. Introduction
2. Type and Description of Derelict Land
3. Impacts: Environmental, Social, Economic
4. Site investigations
5. Relevant Acts and policies.
6. Selected Reclamation Strategy & Time Frame
7. Precedent Study and Extracting Strategies
8. Nature-Based Solutions
9. Establishing New Landscape: Space Planning,
Sustainable Approaches, Design Ideas

AUTHOR LINKS OPEN OVERLAY PANELGOURI SANKAR BHUNIA 1 4, 1, 4, 2, 3, & YEARS, A. THE. (2021, NOVEMBER 16).
LAND RECLAMATION, MANAGEMENT, AND PLANNING IN COASTAL REGION: A GEOINFORMATICS APPROACH. MODERN
CARTOGRAPHY SERIES. HTTPS://WWW.SCIENCEDIRECT.COM/SCIENCE/ARTICLE/PII/B9780128238950000026
http://eprints.utm.my/94544/1/AhmadHadiMohamed2021_CoastalStructuresasBeachErosion.pdf
SCHOLARLYPUBLISHINGCOLLECTIVE.ORG. (N.D.). HTTPS://SCHOLARLYPUBLISHINGCOLLECTIVE.ORG/MSUP/AEHM/ARTICLE-
ABSTRACT/9/2/237/168953/COASTAL-EROSION-AND-RECLAMATION-IN-MALAYSIA
 TELUK NIPAH, PANGKOR
ISLAND,PERAK

Facing the Strait of Malacca, Teluk Nipah Beach,

also known as Pantai Teluk Nipah, is situated on
the western side of Pangkor Island. Teluk Nipah
Beach is the busiest and most well-liked beach
on Pangkor Island. This pristine white sand
beach with crystal-clear blue waves is a well-
known destination for tourists who enjoy water
skiing, snorkeling, diving, and picnicking.

The unspoiled beauty of Teluk Nipah Beach has

been preserved. This enables tourists to interact
with unique members of the local wildlife, such
as birds, monkeys, and monitor lizards, in the
district.
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 TELUK NIPAH, PANGKOR
ISLAND,PERAK

The coast looks out over the uninhabited

islands of Giam and Mentagor. You can take a
boat ride or rent a kayak to get to these two
islands. They are fascinating for their
immaculate beaches as well as their coral-rich
diving locations and diverse marine life.

The whole length of Teluk Nipah Beach is lined

with shopping booths, many of which specialise
in selling apparel and seafood. This
neighbourhood is home to numerous
guesthouses, resorts, and hotels. It's easy to
find a guesthouse with reasonably priced
services.
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WHAT IS DERELICT LAND?
From the perspective of a landscape architect,
derelict land is land that has been neglected,
abandoned, or left in a state of disrepair. For
landscape architects, these locations frequently
offer special opportunities and challenges for
converting them into useful, beautiful, and
sustainable areas.

BROWNFIELD SITES
Description: Brownfield sites are abandoned or
underutilized industrial or commercial areas
where redevelopment is complicated by the
presence or potential presence of hazardous
substances.
Challenges: Soil contamination, infrastructure
decay, and the need for environmental
remediation.

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 VACANT URBAN LOTS
Description: Empty parcels of land within urban
areas that may have been left vacant due to
economic downturns, property abandonment, or
failed development projects.
Challenges: Urban blight, potential for illegal
dumping, and lack of infrastructure.

POST-INDUSTRIAL SITES
Description: Former industrial areas that have
become obsolete or abandoned, often
characterized by old factories, warehouses, or
infrastructure.
Challenges: Contamination, outdated structures,
and the need to balance historical preservation
with modern functionality.

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 ABANDONED INFRASTRUCTURE
Description: Land surrounding abandoned
infrastructure such as railways, highways, or
bridges that have fallen into disuse.
Challenges: Deteriorating structures, safety
concerns, and the need to integrate the existing
infrastructure

RURAL ABANDONMENT
Description: Agricultural or rural land that has
been left unused, possibly due to changes in
farming practices, economic shifts, or
demographic changes.
Challenges: Ecological restoration, preserving
rural character, and addressing soil degradation.

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 WATERFRONT BROWNFIELDS
Description: Abandoned or contaminated areas
along waterfronts, such as former industrial ports
or shipyards.
Challenges: Water contamination, sea-level rise
considerations, and the need for resilient design.

INSTITUTIONAL ABANDONMENT
Description: Land formerly occupied by
institutions like schools, hospitals, or military
bases that have been abandoned or repurposed.
Challenges: Adapting existing structures,
addressing potential contamination, and
integrating the site into the surrounding
community.

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 RETAIL AND COMMERCIAL
ABANDONMENT

Description: Abandoned shopping malls, retail

centers, or commercial complexes that have
become vacant due to changing consumer
behavior or economic factors.
Challenges: Redeveloping large-scale commercial
spaces, addressing parking and accessibility
issues, and creating a vibrant mixed-use
environment.

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 IMPACT ON SOCIAL
AFFECTS THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF NEARBY
RESIDENTS
Temporary increase in noise pollution and air quality is likely to occur at
the site, caused by construction and reclamation processes.
Nevertheless, it affects daily routine of local residents who usually spend
their time with family by the Teluk Nipah Beach.
Disturbing the air quality cause dust and sand result of construction
progress.

SOCIOCULTURAL IMPACTS
Clash of cultures, values and tolerance level between locals and foreign
workers may occur during the reclamation project.
Different ethnicity or nationality of the construction workers is the main
reason of socio-cultural conflict

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 IMPACT ON ECONOMY
HIGH LIVING COST CAUSE OF TOURISM AND MASSIVE
DEVELOPMENT
After Pangkor Island and Teluk Nipah massive development, it becomes a place where
all the tourist center included domestic tourism, inbound tourism and outbond tourism.
Affect the living cost of local residents due to a lot of foreignercome for tourism purpose.

LIVELIHOOD AND FISHERIES

Local fishers whose livelihood and source of income depended on the fishing industry are
adversely impacted due to land reclamation.
Due to negative environmental impact indirectly impact the local fisherman income.
The reduction of daily fish catch by the fishermen, forcing them to either double their efforts
in catching fish or totally abandon their

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IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT
LOSS OF MARINE ECOSYSTEM
Affect the composition of biodiversity through the destruction of ecosystems
such as coral reefs, sea grass meadows and mudflats

DECLINE IN WATER QUALITY, AIR AND SOUND POLLUTION

The waterfront development processes cause soil erosion to the study
area. This is one of the factors that contribute to water quality depletion.
Suspension of organics, heavy metals and other pollutants into sea
through dredging activities will cause disturbance to bottom sediments

DESTRUCTION OF BUFFER ZONE AND COASTAL ZONE

Loss of coastal ecosystems such as mangroves, seagrasses and mudflats
Changes in the coastal landscape can affect sedimentation patterns and may contribute to
coastal erosion.

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 SITE INVESTIGATIONS: POTENTIALS OF
TELUK NIPAH FOR COASTAL RECLAMATION
TOURISM ENHANCEMENT
Teluk Nipah is a popular tourist destination. Coastal reclamation could
potentially enhance tourism infrastructure, such as the development of
resorts, recreational facilities, and waterfront amenities
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Reclamation might open up opportunities for economic
development, including the creation of new businesses, job

POTENTIALS opportunities, and increased revenue for the local community.

IMPROVED ACCESSIBILITY
Enhancing coastal areas could improve accessibility, making it
easier for tourists and locals to access the beach and
surrounding attractions.

ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT
A well-planned reclamation project could include measures for
environmental enhancement, such as the restoration of ecosystems,
creation of green spaces, and protection of sensitive habitats.

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 Town and Country Planning Act
National Land Code 1965: 1976:
The National Land Code This act outlines the
provides the legal principles of town planning

Policies for coastal

framework for land in Malaysia, including the
administration in control and approval of
Peninsular Malaysia. It development projects. It is
relevant for obtaining

reclamation
addresses land tenure,
land titles, and land use. planning permissions for
coastal reclamation.

Environmental Quality Act 1974:

Administered by the
Department of Environment
Some relevant acts, (DOE), this act regulates
environmental quality, pollution
policies, and guidelines that
control, and environmental
need to be refer before impact assessments. Coastal
reclamation projects typically
undergoing further require an Environmental
investigation for coastal Impact Assessment (EIA) under
this act.
reclamation.
Marine Parks Malaysia
National Physical Plan (NPP)
Order 1994:
2005:
This order designates
The NPP serves as a guide for
marine parks and
physical development
outlines regulations for
planning in Malaysia. It
their protection. Coastal
provides broad policies and
reclamation projects in
strategies for sustainable
areas designated as
development, including
marine parks may face
coastal areas.
additional scrutiny.
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 National Policy on
Biological Diversity 2016: Coastal Zone Management
This policy aims to Policy of Malaysia 1994:
conserve Malaysia's This policy addresses the

Policies for coastal

biodiversity. Coastal sustainable development
reclamation projects and management of the
may be subject to coastal zone, including
regulations to protect

reclamation
guidelines for activities
marine ecosystems and such as reclamation.
biodiversity.

Marine Pollution Prevention and

Some relevant acts, Control Act 1998:
This act focuses on preventing
policies, and guidelines that and controlling marine
need to be refer before pollution. Reclamation projects
should adhere to regulations to
undergoing further minimize potential pollution.
investigation for coastal
reclamation. Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) Guidelines:
Land Conservation Act 1960:
The DOE issues specific
This act provides for the
guidelines for preparing EIAs
conservation of land for
for various projects,
agricultural purposes. It
including coastal
may have implications
development and
for reclamation projects
reclamation. Compliance
affecting agricultural
with these guidelines is often
land.
a prerequisite for project
approval.
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RECLAMATION STRATEGIES AND
TIMELINE/FRAMEWORK 14
 FRAMEWORK OF COASTAL
RECLAMATION
1.SITE INVESTIGATION (6-12 MONTHS):
Baseline Assessment: Conduct a comprehensive study of the
existing conditions, including ecological, geological, and
hydrological aspects.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): Evaluate potential
impacts of the project on the environment and local communities.
Regulatory Compliance: Identify and comply with local, regional,
and national regulations governing coastal development.

2.CONCEPTUAL DESIGN (6-12 MONTHS):

Stakeholder Engagement: Engage with local communities,
environmental organizations, and regulatory bodies to gather
input and address concerns.
Feasibility Study: Assess the technical, economic, and social
feasibility of various reclamation options.
Preliminary Design: Develop conceptual designs based on the
chosen reclamation strategy, considering ecological sustainability
and potential benefits.
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3.DETAILED DESIGN (12-18 MONTHS):
Engineering Design: Develop detailed engineering plans,
considering factors such as shoreline stabilization,
drainage, and infrastructure placement.
Ecological Design: Integrate nature-based solutions and
phytoremediation strategies into the design to enhance
environmental sustainability.
Permitting: Obtain necessary permits and approvals
from relevant authorities.

4.TENDERING AND CONTRACT AWARD

(6-12 MONTHS):
Prepare Bid Documents: Develop comprehensive bid
documents outlining project specifications,
requirements, and evaluation criteria.
Tendering Process: Issue invitations to bid, evaluate
proposals, and award contracts to qualified contractors.

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5.CONSTRUCTION (24-36 MONTHS):
Mobilization: Contractors mobilize equipment and personnel to the
site.
Construction Phases: Execute the reclamation process according
to the approved design, including land filling, dredging, or other
chosen strategies.
Monitoring and Quality Control: Implement rigorous monitoring
protocols to ensure construction adheres to design specifications
and environmental standards.

6.POST-CONSTRUCTION MONITORING
AND MAINTENANCE (ONGOING):
Environmental Monitoring: Conduct ongoing monitoring to assess
the ecological impact of the reclamation and ensure the success
of nature-based solutions.
Adaptive Management: Implement adaptive management
strategies based on monitoring results to address any unforeseen
issues.
Maintenance and Restoration: Implement maintenance plans and,
if necessary, restoration efforts to preserve the long-term health
and functionality of the reclaimed coastal area.

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PRECEDENT STRATEGIES AND
EXTRACT STRATEGIES 18
Precedent strategies: Suncheon Bay, South Korea
1 . MANGROVE RESTORATION
Description: Mangroves were identified as crucial components for stabilizing the
coastline, preventing erosion, and providing habitat for various marine species.
Implementation: An extensive mangrove restoration program was launched,
involving the planting of native mangrove species along the coastline. This not only
stabilized the shoreline but also created a thriving habitat for local fauna.

2.LIVING SHORELINES AND SALTMARSH CREATION

Description: The project incorporated the concept of living shorelines using natural
materials such as sand, shells, and salt-tolerant vegetation. Additionally, saltmarsh areas
were created to enhance biodiversity and improve water quality.
Implementation: Coastal engineers designed and implemented living shorelines
using bioengineering techniques, such as planting salt-tolerant grasses and
constructing oyster reefs. These features not only protected against erosion but also
provided valuable habitats for marine life.

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Precedent strategies: Suncheon Bay, South Korea

3.COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
Description: Recognizing the importance of local communities in the success of the
project, extensive community engagement initiatives were undertaken.
Implementation: Local communities were involved in the mangrove planting
activities, and educational programs were conducted to raise awareness about
the ecological significance of the reclamation efforts. This helped build a sense of
ownership and commitment among the local population.

4.BIODIVERSITY MONITORING
Description: To assess the effectiveness of the nature-based solutions and the overall
ecological health of the reclaimed area, a robust biodiversity monitoring program
was established.
Implementation: Regular monitoring of bird species, fish populations, and overall
ecosystem health was conducted. This data informed adaptive management
strategies and allowed for continuous improvements in the reclamation
approach.
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PHYTOREMEDIATION/NATURE
BASED SOLUTION 21
NATURE BASED SOLUTION THAT CAN BE
IMPLEMENT AT TELUK NIPAH
LIVING SHORELINE
Living shorelines involve using natural materials such as plants, sand, and rock to
create protective buffers along coastlines. Native vegetation, such as salt-tolerant
grasses and shrubs, is often planted to stabilize the shoreline.
Benefits: Erosion control, habitat creation, and improved resilience to storm
events.

PHYTOREMEDIATION WITH SALT-TOLERANT PLANTS:

Selecting and planting salt-tolerant plant species that can thrive in
SOLUTIONS reclaimed coastal areas. These plants can help absorb and filter
pollutants, improving soil quality.
Benefits: Soil remediation, erosion control, and enhanced
biodiversity.

SALTMARSH CREATION:
Establishing saltmarshes in reclaimed coastal areas, which act as natural buffers
against storm surges, provide habitat for wildlife, and contribute to nutrient
cycling.
Benefits: Flood protection, habitat restoration, and improved water quality.
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SPACE PLANNING,DESIGN IDEA
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LIVING SHORELINE

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SALTMARSH CREATION

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