Mind map : learning made simple Chapter - 2

One-One Onto function One-One Into function Given two non empty sets A&B. The cartesian
Definition: A relation ' f ' from a set A to set B is said to be a
product A×B is the set of all ordered pairs of
f f function if every element of set A has one
elements from A&B i.e., A×B={(a,b) : a ∈ A ; b ∈ B}.
and only one image in set B.
If n(A)=p and n(B)=q , then n(A×B)=pq
Notations:
Domain(Input) x f y=f(x) Range(Output)
Let A&B be two empty sets. Then any subset ' R ' of
A B A B f A x B is a relation from A to B.If (a,b) ∈R, then we
Range=Codomain Range ⊂ Codomain Range of ‘f’ write a R b , which is read as ' a is related to b ' by a
Domain of ‘f ’ a b
Many-One Onto function Many One Into function relation R, 'b' is also called image of'a' under R.
The total number of relations that can be defined
f f from a set A to a set B is the number of possible
subsets of A x B. If n(A)=p and n(B)=q, then n
A B pq
(A x B)=pq and total number relations is 2 .

Ki
nd
Codomain of ‘f’

so
P Q Given, R={(x,y): x is the first letter
A B A B

fF
Range=Codomain Range=Codomain
of the name y, x ∈P, y ∈Q}

un

s
s Then, R={(a,Ali), (b, Beena),

et
a Ali
of

ctio

Functions
Beena
ct (c, charu)}This is a visual or
du

ns
Let f :x → R and g → R be any two real functions b Bindu
pictorial representation of relation
where X⊂R. pro c
Charlss

ian R (called an arrow diagram)is

Divya
Addition: (f+g) x = f(x)+g(x); ∀x∈ R tes
Car io shown in figure.

n
Subtraction: (f–g) x = f(x)–g(x); ∀ x∈ R lat of
Product: (fg) x = f(x).g(x); ∀ x ∈ R Re on
Relations ati
t
Quotient: (f/g) (x) = f(x)/g(x); provided Algebra sen If R is a relation from A to B, then the set of first
g(x) ≠ 0, ∀ x ∈ R & i a l r e pre elements in R is called domain & the set of second
of functio n s P ic t o r n
Functions a ti o
a rel elements in R is called range of R. Symbolically,
f(x)=log ex, a>0 , a ≠ 1 Domain=x ∈ (0, ∞) Range=y ∈ R Log function Domain of R={x:(x,y) ∈ R}; Range of R={y:(x,y) ∈ R}
D
om The set B is called co-domain of relation R.
The function f:R → R defined by y=f(x)=x ∀ x ∈R is called Identity ain Note: the range ⊆ Codomain.
identity function. Domain=R and Range=R &r
function ang Eg. Given, R={(1,2),(2,3),(3,4),(4,5),(5,6)}. 1

In
1
e of a R

ve
The function f:R → R defined by y=f(x)=c, ∀ x ∈ R, where elation then Domain of R={1,2,3,4,5} 2 2
Some standard real
3 3

rse
c is a constant is called constant function. Domain=R Constant at Range of R={2,3,4,5,6} and 4 4

re
5 5
io codomain of R={1,2,3,4,5,6}

l
and Range ={c} function n
6 6
A B

The function f:R → R defined by f(x)= x; x ≥ 0

−x; x < 0 Let A&B be two sets and R be a relation from set A
is called modulus function. Modulus Even function
It is denoted by y=f(x)=|x|. Domain=R and Range =(0, ∞) function f(−x)=f(x), ∀x∈ Domain to set B.Then inverse of R ,denoted by R-1, is a
relation from B to Aand is defined by
The function f:R → R defined by f(x)= 1, x > 0 is called signum Signum
function. It is usually denoted by
0, x = 0 Odd function R-1={(b,a) : (a,b) ∈ R}. Clearly, (a,b) ∈R ⇔ (b,a) ∈ R-1
-1, x < 0 function f(−x)=−f(x), ∀x∈ Domain
y=f(x)=sgn(x) Domain=R and Range ={ 0, -1, 1} Also, Dom(R)=Range (R-1) and Range(R)=Dom(R-1)

The function f:R → R defined by as the greatest integer Greatest

less than or equal to x .It is usually denoted by y=f(x)=[x]. integer function Exponential f(x)=ax , a>0 , a ≠ 1,
function
Domain=R and Range=Z(All integers) Domain: x∈R: Range:f(x) ⊂ (0,∞)