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Sampling Techniques

sampling techniques

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5 views2 pages

Sampling Techniques

sampling techniques

Uploaded by

WondmageneUrgessa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit 6

6. Sampling techniques

6.1. Introduction

Definition 6.1 what is sampling?

Sampling is a tool to infer something about a population by selecting sample from that population.

6.2. Reasons for sampling

Some of the major reasons why sampling is necessary are

 to minimize the cost (money, time and energy)


 the adequacy of sample results
 the destructive nature of certain tests
 When N is infinite/physical impossibility of checking all items in the population

6.3 some terms


Sampling unit: is the division of the population in to finite number of distinct, non-
overlapping, and identifiable units for the purpose of sample selection.

Sampling frame: the list of all the units in the source population, from which a sample is
to be picked

Sampling: is a process that involves the selection of a number of study units from a
defined population.

Parameter: a x-c obtained from population values e.g. population mean, total,
variance…

Statistic: a x-c obtained from sample values. E.g. sample means, variance, and standard

Example6.1 : some one /a researcher/ wants to study the applicability of fertilizers in


Kebele k, which consists 20 households and 80 peoples live.
→ He may have a list of twenty households-used as sampling frame.
→He may select the farmers based on age (i.e., 20-25, 26-30…) .age may be considered as
sampling unit-the unit of selection in the sampling process.
6.4. Types of sampling

Basically there are two types of selecting sample. These are

A. probability sampling techniques and


B. non probability sampling techniques
A. Probability or random sampling techniques is sampling procedures that involve/consider
randomization. Randomization means each item or individual has an equal chance to be
included/not to be included. In probability sampling generalization is possible from sample to
population.
The most common methods or designs of probability sampling techniques are:
i. simple random sampling,
ii. systematic random sampling,
iii. stratified random sampling, and
iv. Cluster sampling design.

At this point it is better to deal the concepts of each design in detail.

i. Simple random sampling (SRS): this is the most common and base of all other types of
random sampling designs. A Sample is selected in such a way that each unit in the
sampling frame has an equal chance of being selected. Here representativeness of a
sample is also ensured.
To apply simple random sampling
1st. Make any numbered list of all the units in the population from which you want to
draw a sample. 1, 2, 3… N. where N=represents the no of units in the population.
2nd. decide on n and then select the required no of study units using a lottery or random
number table method.
ii. Stratified random sampling: it is appropriate when the distribution of the x-c to be
studied is strongly affected by certain variable (heterogeneous population). To apply
Stratified random sampling
→The population is 1st divided in to groups called strata according to a x-c of interest
(e.g. sex, age, income level…).
→A separate sample is then taken independently from each stratum by (SRS or SyRS).
iii. Cluster random sampling: selection of the required sample is done on group of study
units called cluster instead of each study units individually. The sampling unit is the
cluster and the sampling frame is a list of these clusters.
To apply cluster random sampling follow the steps outlined below.
1st. The reference/source/ population i.e., homogeneous is divided in to clusters.
2nd. A sample of such cluster is selected using SRS.
3rd. All the units in the selected cluster are studied.
iv. Systematic random sampling: this is applied when the units are serially numbered.
Individuals are chosen at regular intervals (for example every Kth) from the sampling
frame. The 1st unit to be selected is taken at random among the 1st Kth units.

Example6.2 : A systematic sampling is to be selected from 1200 students of a school.


The sample size is decided to be 100. Then list the students that would be included in
your sample.  The answer may vary. 
Solution:

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