Assignment – 4
No. Question Ans. Unit
A 220 kV transmission line with an impedance of 1.5 + j7.5 Ω is protected
by a reactance relay. Determine the reach of the reactance relay for the first
zone. The CT ratio and PT ratio are 500/1 A and 220 kV/110 V, respectively.
The first zone covers 80% of the line section.
1. a) X1=1.5 Ω (a) 4
b) X1=2.5 Ω
c) X1=1.75 Ω
d) X1=1.8 Ω
Solution:
Line impedance=1.5+j7.5
Line reactance = j7.5
CT ratio=500/1
PT Ratio=220 kV/110V
CT Ratio 500 /1
=Z1 80% of × Line =
reactance ×=
0.8 × j 7.5 j1.5
PT Ratio 220 ×103 /110
The reactance relay has a characteristic angle equal to 90 degrees.
Z1 1.5 1.5
K= = = = 1.5Ω
cos(θ − φ ) cos(90 − 90) 1
1
A transmission line is feed from local end A and remote end B. The
impedance of the whole transmission line is 7 + j21 Ω. The fault occurs at a
point F on the line and the impedance from the relaying point A to the fault
point, i.e., ZAF = 3.5 + j10.5 Ω. The fault resistance (RF) = 7 Ω. The fault
current contribution from bus A to the fault is 200∟-76.36°. The
contribution of fault current from bus B to the fault is 300∟-84.29°.
Determine the apparent impedance seen by the relay at A without
2. considering the contribution of current from the remote bus. (b) 4
a) 11.06∟71.56°
b) 14.84∟45°
c) 10.5∟45°
d) 25.23∟56.30°
Solution:
Neglecting the contribution of the current from remote bus, the apparent impedance seen by
the relay RA is given by
Z A = 3.5 + j10.5 + 7 = 10.5 + j10.5 = 14.84∠45°
A 220 kV long transmission line has an impedance of 2 + j4Ω. This line is
protected by MHO type of distance relay with a characteristics angle of 60°
and its first zone covers 90% of the line length. The CT ratio and PT ratio
are 1000/1 A and 220 kV/110 V, respectively. Considering a fault resistance
of 2 Ω, the first zone setting of the distance relay is
3. (d) 4
a) K1=2.79 Ω
b) K1=4.2 Ω
c) K1=2.50 Ω
d) K1=2.72 Ω
Solution:
Line impedance=2+j4=4.472<63.43°
CT ratio=1000/1
PT Ratio=220 kV/110V
Characteristic angle (φ) = 60°
CT Ratio
Z1 = × ((90% of X line ) + fault resistance)
PT Ratio
1000 /1
= × ((0.9 × 4.472∠63.43°) + 2)
220 ×103 /110
= 2.61∠43.45°Ω
Hence first zone setting of mho relay is
Z1 2.61 2.61
=
K1 = = = 2.72Ω
cos(θ − φ ) cos(60 − 43.45) 0.9585
In the distance protection scheme, the distance is measured in terms of
a) voltage
4. b) current (d) 4
c) phase angle
d) impedance
The normal range of audio frequency is
a) 30-600 kHz
5. b) 10kHz-0.1 GHz (d) 3
c) 0.3-3 GHz
d) 0.02-20 kHz
The normal range of radio frequency is
a) 30-600 kHz
6. b) 10kHz-0.1 GHz (b) 3
c) 0.3-3 GHz
d) 0.02-20 kHz
The wavelength of a signal in a fibre optic link is
a) 0.85-1.6µm
7. b) 5.85-10.6µm (a) 4
c) 3-5µm
d) 1.85-2.5µm
In a phase comparison scheme, during normal operating condition, both
currents have a phase difference of
a) 90°
8. (c) 4
b) 180°
c) zero°
d) cannot decide
Which equipment provides low impedance to the power frequency signal
but high impedance to the carrier frequency signal?
a) Coupling capacitor
9. (b) 4
b) Wave trap
c) Transmitter
d) Spark gape
When the carrier signal is used to block the tripping of the relay, it is known
as
a) carrier tripping scheme
10. (b) 4
b) carrier blocking scheme
c) carrier holding scheme
d) none of the above
