WEEK PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS

6 COPLANAR FORCE
SYSTEMS

PREPARED BY: FRANKLYN F. MANGGAPIS

Coplanar Force System
Learning Objectives

The students will be able to apply the two solutions of

01 solving coplanar force system: Non-Concurrent Force
System.

The students will be able to learn the application of

02 coplanar forces in engineering problems.

The students will be to draw and analyze free-body

03 diagrams
Coplanar Force System
Recalling the past lessons

Steps to Determine the resultant force and direction of coplanar

concurrent force system:
Determine the x-components of each forces.
Get the sum of all the x-components noted as
σ 𝐹𝑥 (Note: This is the x-component of the
resultant

Determine the y-components of each forces.

Get the sum of all the y-components noted as
σ 𝐹𝑦 (Note: This is the y-component of the
resultant
Coplanar Force System
Recalling the past lessons

Steps to Determine the resultant force and direction of coplanar

concurrent force system:
Determine the magnitude of the resultant
using the formula below:
2 2
𝑅= σ 𝐹𝑥 + σ 𝐹𝑦

To get the direction of the resultant, it is best

to draw the σ 𝐹𝑥 and follow σ 𝐹𝑦 . Draw the
resultant using triangle law and measure the
angle from the positive axis
Coplanar Force System
Recalling the past lessons

A concurrent force system which has zero resultant force is in

EQUILIBRIUM state.

When 𝑅 = 0

σ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 σ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
Coplanar Force System
Recalling the past lessons

When the resultant of force system

is not zero, it is not in equilibrium.
However, if the equilibrant vector is
included in the system, the net force
will be zero. Therefore, we can say
that the equilibrant has the same
magnitude with the resultant but has
opposite direction.
Coplanar Force System
Discussion for the First Learning Objectives

Coplanar Force System:

Resultant and Equilibrium of
Non-Concurrent Force System
Coplanar Force System
Resultant of Non-Concurrent Force System

Non-Concurrent Force System

The forces does not intersect at one point instead the point of application are different to
each forces.

Two Dimensional Parallel Three Dimensional Parallel Force

force system System
Coplanar Force System
Resultant of Non-Concurrent Force System

Non-Concurrent Force System

The forces does not intersect at one point instead the point of application are different to
each forces.

Two Dimensional General Non- Three Dimensional General Non-

concurrent Force System concurrent Force System
Coplanar Force System
Resultant of Non-Concurrent Force System

MOMENT OF A FORCE
translation
or rotation!

A
A

Sliding!

Motion of Concurrent Force Motion of Concurrent Force

system system
Coplanar Force System
Resultant of Non-Concurrent Force System

What is Moment of a Force?

Tendency of a force to rotate a body about an axis

In general, a force acting on a rigid body tends to

rotate, as well as translate, the body.
The force itself is the translational effect-the body
tends to move in the direction of the force.
The magnitude of the force is directly proportional
to the ability of the body to rotate or translate.
Coplanar Force System
Resultant of Non-Concurrent Force System

In vector definition. Let F be a force and O a point that is

not on the line of action of F.

Note that the force F and the point O

determine a unique plane.

We let A be any point on the line of

action of F and define r to be the
vector from point O to point A.
Coplanar Force System
Resultant of Non-Concurrent Force System

In vector definition. Recall that the magnitude of cross

product of vectors:
𝑴𝒐 = 𝒓 𝒙 𝑭 = 𝒓𝑭 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽

We can now say that,

𝑴𝒐 = 𝑭𝒅

Note: The d is always perpendicular

to the force.
Coplanar Force System
Resultant of Non-Concurrent Force System

In scalar definition. The magnitude of the moment of a

force acting about a point or axis is
directly proportional to the distance
of the force from the point or axis.
It is defined as the product of the
force (F) and the moment arm (d).
The moment arm or lever arm is the
perpendicular distance between the
line of action of the force and the
𝑴𝒐 = 𝑭𝒅
center of moments.
Coplanar Force System
Resultant of Non-Concurrent Force System

Sign Convention

POSITIVE MOMENTS
Coplanar Force System
Resultant of Non-Concurrent Force System

Sign Convention

POSITIVE MOMENTS
Coplanar Force System
Resultant of Non-Concurrent Force System

The moment of a force about a point is equal to the sum

of the moments of its components about that point.

The sum of the moments about a point O

for the three forces is
𝑀𝑜 = ෍ 𝑟 𝑥 𝐹 = 𝑟 𝑥 𝐹1 + 𝑟 𝑥 𝐹2 + (𝑟 𝑥 𝐹3 )

Using the properties of the cross product,

𝑀𝑜 = 𝑟 𝑥 𝐹1 + 𝐹2 + 𝐹3 = 𝑟 𝑥 𝑅
Coplanar Force System
Resultant of Non-Concurrent Force System
Coplanar Force System
Resultant of Non-Concurrent Force System
Coplanar Force System
Resultant of Non-Concurrent Force System
Coplanar Force System
Equilibrium of Non-Concurrent Force System

69 kN

෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0

෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

෍𝑀 ≠ 0

-69 kN
Coplanar Force System
Equilibrium of Non-Concurrent Force System

෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
Resultant of Non-Concurrent Force System

෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

෍𝑀 = 0
Coplanar Force System
Equilibrium of Non-Concurrent Force System

Application Problem #1:

Using vector method, determine the

following:
(a) magnitude and total moment about pt. O
of the force system shown in the figure.
(b) The magnitude of the resultant force
system shown in the figure.
(c) How far is the line of action of the
resultant from pt. O?
Coplanar Force System
Equilibrium of Non-Concurrent Force System

Application Problem #2:

Using scalar method, determine the

following:
(a) Magnitude of the resultant force of the
system shown
(b) determine the total moment of the of the
force system about pt. O
Coplanar Force System
Equilibrium of Non-Concurrent Force System

Application Problem #3:

A moment of 50 lb · ft about O is required to loosen the nut. Determine

the smallest magnitude of the force F and the corresponding angle θ that
will turn the nut. moment of the of the force system about pt. O
Coplanar Force System
Equilibrium of Non-Concurrent Force System

Application Problem #4:

Coplanar Force System
Equilibrium of Non-Concurrent Force System

Application Problem #5:

Determine the moments of Q about

(a) point O; and (b) point C. The
magnitude of Q is 20 lb.
Coplanar Force System
Learning Objectives

The students will be able to apply the two solutions of

✓ 01 solving coplanar force system: Non-Concurrent Force
System.

The students will be able to learn the application of

02 coplanar forces in engineering problems.

The students will be to draw and analyze free-body

03 diagrams
Application Coplanar Force System
Discussion for the Second Learning Objectives

Application of Coplanar Force

System
Coplanar Force System
Application of Coplanar Force System

Surface Loads (three dimensional loading)

Coplanar Force System
Application of Coplanar Force System

Surface Loads (three dimensional loading)

Coplanar Force System
Application of Coplanar Force System

Surface Loads (three dimensional loading)

Coplanar Force System
Application of Coplanar Force System

Surface Loads (three dimensional

loading)
Coplanar Force System
Application of Coplanar Force System

Surface Loads (three dimensional

loading)
Coplanar Force System
Application of Coplanar Force System

Surface Loads (three dimensional loading)

Coplanar Force System
Application of Coplanar Force System

Surface Loads (three dimensional loading)

Coplanar Force System
Application of Coplanar Force System

Line Loads (two dimensional loading)

Coplanar Force System
Application of Coplanar Force System

Line Loads (two dimensional loading)

Coplanar Force System
Application of Coplanar Force System

Line Loads (two dimensional loading)

Coplanar Force System
Application of Coplanar Force System

Line Loads (two dimensional loading)

Coplanar Force System
Application of Coplanar Force System

Line Loads (two dimensional loading)

Coplanar Force System
Application of Coplanar Force System

Application Problem #1:

Determine the resultant of the line load acting on the beam shown
Coplanar Force System
Application of Coplanar Force System

Application Problem #2:

Coplanar Force System
Application of Coplanar Force System

Application Problem #3:

Coplanar Force System
Learning Objectives

The students will be able to apply the two solutions of

✓ 01 solving coplanar force system: Non-Concurrent Force
System.

The students will be able to learn the application of

✓ 02 coplanar forces in engineering problems.

The students will be to draw and analyze free-body

03 diagrams
Application Coplanar Force System
Discussion for the Third Learning Objectives

Free-Body Diagram
Free-Body Diagram
Types of Support
Free-Body Diagram
Types of Support
Free-Body Diagram
Types of Support
Free-Body Diagram
Types of Support
Free-Body Diagram
Types of Support
Free-Body Diagram
Types of Support
Free-Body Diagram
Types of Support
Free-Body Diagram
Types of Support
Free-Body Diagram
Types of Support
Free-Body Diagram
Types of Support
Free-Body Diagram
Types of Support
Free-Body Diagram
Types of Support
Free-Body Diagram
Free Body Diagram General Procedure
Free-Body Diagram
Free Body Diagram General Procedure
Free-Body Diagram
Free Body Diagram General Procedure

The general steps in creating Free Body Diagram:

A sketch of the body is drawn assuming that all supports (surfaces of contact,
supporting cables, etc.) have been removed.

All applied forces are drawn and labeled on the sketch, the weight of the body is
considered to be an applied force acting at the center of gravity.

The support reactions are drawn and labeled on the sketch. If the sense of a reaction
is unknown, it should be assumed. The solution will determine the correct sense: A
positive result indicates that the assumed sense is correct, whereas a negative result
means that the correct sense is opposite to the assumed sense.
Free-Body Diagram
Free Body Diagram General Procedure

The general steps in creating Free Body Diagram:

All relevant angles and dimension are shown on the sketch.

Free-Body Diagram
Free Body Diagram

Application Problem #1:

The homogeneous 6-m bar AB

in Fig. (a) is supported in the
vertical plane by rollers at A
and B and by a cable at C. The
mass of the bar is 50 kg. Draw
the FBD of bar AB. Determine
the number of unknowns on
the FBD.
Free-Body Diagram
Free Body Diagram

Application Problem #1:

Free-Body Diagram
Free Body Diagram

Application Problem #2:

The homogeneous, triangular

plate in the figure is supported
by a pin at A and a roller at C.
Draw the FBC of the plate and
determine the number of
unknowns.
Free-Body Diagram
Free Body Diagram

Application Problem #2:

Free-Body Diagram
Free Body Diagram

Application Problem #3:

A rigid frame is fabricated by

joining the three bars with pins
at B, C, and D, as shown in
Fig. (a). The frame is loaded
by the 1000-lb force and the
1200-lb · ft couple. The
supports consist of a pin at A
and a roller support at E. Draw
the FBD.
Free-Body Diagram
Free Body Diagram

Application Problem #3:

Free-Body Diagram
Conditions of Equilibrium

A body is in equilibrium under a coplanar force system if both the resultant force R and
the resultant couple CR of the force system are zero. It follows that the following three
conditions ate necessary for equilibrium
Free-Body Diagram
Solving Equilibrium Equations

Draw a free-body diagram (FBD) of the body that shows all of the forces and couples
that act on the body.

Write the equilibrium equation in terms of the forces and couples that appear on the
free-body diagram.

Solve the equilibrium equations for the unknowns.

Free-Body Diagram
Determinacy of structures
Free-Body Diagram
Solving Equilibrium Equations

Application Problem #1:

The weight W is attached to one

end of a rope that passes over a
pulley that is free to rotate about
the pin at A. The weight is held
at rest by the force T applied to
the other end of the rope. Using
the given FBD, show that T = W
and compute the pin reactions at
A.
Free-Body Diagram
Solving Equilibrium Equations

Application Problem #2:

The homogeneous 60-kg disk supported by the rope AB rests against a rough
vertical wall. Using the given FBD, determine the force in the rope and the
reaction at the wall.
Free-Body Diagram
Solving Equilibrium Equations

Application Problem #3:

The homogeneous, 120-kg wooden beam is suspended from ropes at A and B.

A power wrench applies the 500-N · m clockwise couple to tighten a bolt at
C. Use the given FBD to determine the tensions in the ropes.
Coplanar Force System
Learning Objectives

The students will be able to apply the two solutions of

✓ 01 solving coplanar force system: Non-Concurrent Force
System.

The students will be able to learn the application of

✓ 02 coplanar forces in engineering problems.

The students will be to draw and analyze free-body

✓ 03 diagrams