Database Management System Applications of DBMS

Database Management System refers to the technology of storing and Database is a collection of related data and data is a collection of facts and
retrieving user’s data with utmost efficiency along with appropriate security figures that can be processed to produce information.
measures. This tutorial explains the basics of DBMS such as its architecture,
data models, data schemas, data independence, E-R model, relation model, Mostly data represents recordable facts. Data aids in producing
relational database design, and storage and file structure and much more. information, which is based on facts. For example, if we have data about
marks obtained by all students, we can then conclude about toppers and
Learning DBMS average marks.

Traditionally, data was organized in file formats. DBMS was a new concept A database management system stores data in such a way that it becomes
then, and all the research was done to make it overcome the deficiencies easier to retrieve, manipulate, and produce information. Following are the
in traditional style of data management. A modern DBMS has the following important characteristics and applications of DBMS.
characteristics −  ACID Properties − DBMS follows the concepts
 Real-world entity − A modern DBMS is more realistic and uses real- of Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability (normally
world entities to design its architecture. It uses the behavior and shortened as ACID). These concepts are applied on transactions,
attributes too. For example, a school database may use students as which manipulate data in a database. ACID properties help the
an entity and their age as an attribute. database stay healthy in multi-transactional environments and in
 Relation-based tables − DBMS allows entities and relations among case of failure.
them to form tables. A user can understand the architecture of a  Multiuser and Concurrent Access − DBMS supports multi-user
database just by looking at the table names. environment and allows them to access and manipulate data in
 Isolation of data and application − A database system is entirely parallel. Though there are restrictions on transactions when users
different than its data. A database is an active entity, whereas data attempt to handle the same data item, but users are always
is said to be passive, on which the database works and organizes. unaware of them.
DBMS also stores metadata, which is data about data, to ease its
own process.  Multiple views − DBMS offers multiple views for different users. A
 Less redundancy − DBMS follows the rules of normalization, which user who is in the Sales department will have a different view of
splits a relation when any of its attributes is having redundancy in database than a person working in the Production department.
values. Normalization is a mathematically rich and scientific This feature enables the users to have a concentrate view of the
process that reduces data redundancy. database according to their requirements.
 Consistency − Consistency is a state where every relation in a  Security − Features like multiple views offer security to some extent
database remains consistent. There exist methods and techniques, where users are unable to access data of other users and
which can detect attempt of leaving database in inconsistent state. departments. DBMS offers methods to impose constraints while
A DBMS can provide greater consistency as compared to earlier entering data into the database and retrieving the same at a later
forms of data storing applications like file-processing systems. stage. DBMS offers many different levels of security features,
 Query Language − DBMS is equipped with query language, which which enables multiple users to have different views with different
makes it more efficient to retrieve and manipulate data. A user can features. For example, a user in the Sales department cannot see
apply as many and as different filtering options as required to the data that belongs to the Purchase department. Additionally, it
retrieve a set of data. Traditionally it was not possible where file- can also be managed how much data of the Sales department
processing system was used.
 should be displayed to the user. Since a DBMS is not saved on the either single tier or multi-tier. N-tier architecture divides the whole system
disk as traditional file systems, it is very hard for miscreants to into related but independent n modules, which can be independently
break the code. modified, altered, changed, or replaced.
In 1-tier architecture, the DBMS is the only entity where the user directly
Users
sits on the DBMS and uses it. Any changes done here will directly be done
A typical DBMS has users with different rights and permissions who use it on the DBMS itself. It does not provide handy tools for end-users. Database
for different purposes. Some users retrieve data and some back it up. The designers and programmers normally prefer to use single-tier architecture.
users of a DBMS can be broadly categorized as follows −
If the architecture of DBMS is 2-tier, then it must have an application
through which the DBMS can be accessed. Programmers use 2-tier
architecture where they access the DBMS by means of an application. Here
the application tier is entirely independent of the database in terms of
operation, design, and programming.
*Let’s get started: Answer the following.
1. What is the importance of DBMS?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
2. What are the main concerns of DBMS?
 Administrators − Administrators maintain the DBMS and are
responsible for administrating the database. They are responsible _____________________________________________________________
to look after its usage and by whom it should be used. They create _____________________________________________________________
access profiles for users and apply limitations to maintain isolation ________________________________________________________
and force security. Administrators also look after DBMS resources
like system license, required tools, and other software and 3-tier Architecture
hardware related maintenance.
3-tier architecture separates its tiers from each other based on the
 Designers − Designers are the group of people who actually work complexity of the users and how they use the data present in the database.
on the designing part of the database. They keep a close watch on It is the most widely used architecture to design a DBMS.
what data should be kept and in what format. They identify and
design the whole set of entities, relations, constraints, and views.
 End Users − End users are those who actually reap the benefits of
having a DBMS. End users can range from simple viewers who pay
attention to the logs or market rates to sophisticated users such as
business analysts.
The design of a DBMS depends on its architecture. It can be centralized or
decentralized or hierarchical. The architecture of a DBMS can be seen as
 3. It is the state where every relation in a Database remains
consistent.
4. DBMS follows the rules of normalization, which splits a relation
when any of its attributes is having redundancy in values.
5. They maintain the database and are responsible to look after its
usage and by whom it should be used.

*On your own thinking: Enumerate the DBMS users and explain their
purposes.

1.

 Database (Data) Tier − at this tier, the database resides along with
its query processing languages. We also have the relations that 2.
define the data and their constraints at this level.
 Application (Middle) Tier − at this tier reside the application server
and the programs that access the database. For a user, this 3.
application tier presents an abstracted view of the database. End-
users are unaware of any existence of the database beyond the
application. At the other end, the database tier is not aware of any
other user beyond the application tier. Hence, the application layer
sits in the middle and acts as a mediator between the end-user and NEXT LESSON: ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP MODEL
the database.
 User (Presentation) Tier − End-users operate on this tier and they References:
know nothing about any existence of the database beyond this https://www.techopedia.com/definition/24361/database-
layer. At this layer, multiple views of the database can be provided management-systems-dbms
by the application. All views are generated by applications that https://www.tutorialspoint.com/ms_access/ms_access_objects.htm
reside in the application tier.
Multiple-tier database architecture is highly modifiable, as almost all its
components are independent and can be changed independently.
*Let’s Review: Identify the following Prepared By: CYEXAM AUGREE E. BELOY QUEENIE FRANCES VICTORIA G. BORGOÑA

1. This characteristic is more realistic and uses real-world entities to

design its architecture. IT Instructor AVC – CCSS Dean
2. It collects data, data facts and figures that can be process to
produce information