Geometrical Optics

GEOMETRICAL OPTICS

EXERCISE-I
PLANE MIRROR

1. Find the angle of deviation (both clockwise and anticlockwise) suffered by a ray
incident on a plane mirror, at an angle of incidence 30º.

2. Figure shows a plane mirror onto which a light ray is incident. If the incident
light ray is turned by 10º and the mirror by 20º, as shown, find the angle
turned by the reflected ray.

3. A light ray is incident on a plane mirror, which after getting reflected strikes another
plane mirror, as shown in figure. The angle between the two mirrors is 60º. Find
the angle ‘’ shown in figure.

4. There are two plane mirror inclined at 40º, as shown. A ray of light is incident of
mirror M1. What should be the value of angle of incidence ‘i’ so that the light
ray retraces its path after striking the mirror M2.

5. Two plane mirrors are placed as shown in the figure

(a) How many images will be formed.
(b) Find the position(s) of image(s).
(c) Will the ray passing through (1, 1.25) take part in image formation.

6. An object is placed at (0, 0) and a plane mirror is placed, inclined 30º

with the x axis.
(a) Find the position of image.
(b) If the object starts moving with velocity 1 î m/s and the mirror is
fixed find the velocity of image.

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SPHERICAL MIRROR

7. A rod of length 10 cm lies along the principal axis of a concave mirror of focal length 10 cm in such a way
that the end farther from the pole is 20 cm away from it. Find the length of the image.

8. A point source is at a distance 35 cm on the optical axis from a spherical concave mirror having a focal
length 25 cm. At what distance along the optical axis from the concave mirror should a plane mirror be
placed (perpendicular to the principal axis) for the image it forms (due to rays falling on it after reflection
from the concave mirror) to coincide with the point source?

9. A concave spherical mirror forms a threefold magnified real image of a real object. The distance from the
object to the image is 2.6 m. What is the radius of curvature of the mirror?

10. Find the diameter of the image of the moon formed by a spherical concave mirror of focal length 11.4 m.
The diameter of the moon in 3450 km and the distance between the earth and the moon is 3.8 × 105 km.

11. A candle flame 1 cm high is imaged in a ball bearing of diameter 0.4 cm. If the ball bearing is 20 cm away
from the flame, find the location and the height of the image.

12. A U-shaped wire is placed before a concave mirror having

radius of curvature 20 cm as shown in figure. Find the
total length of the image.

13. The radius of curvature of a convex spherical mirror is 1.2 m. How far away from the mirror is an object
of height 12 cm if the distance between its virtual image & the mirror is 0.35 m? What is the height of the
image?

14. A converging beam of solar rays is incident on a concave spherical mirror whose radius of curvature is 0.8
m. Determine the position of the point on the optical axis of the mirror where the reflected rays intersect,
if the extensions of the incident rays intersect the optical axis 40 cm from the mirror’s pole.

15. What does point A indicate ? (f is magnitude of focal length, u and v are
coordinates)
(i) Point A represents that the object is ___________(Real/Virtual)
and the image is ___________(Real/Virtual).
(ii) Point A represents that |u| is ________ (larger,/smaller) than |v| and
hence image size is _________ (larger/smaller) than the size of object.
16. Point B represents that the object is ___________(Real/Virtual) and the image is ___________(Real/Vir-
tual).

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17. Point B represents that |u| is ________ (larger,/smaller) than |v| and hence image size is _______( larger/
smaller) than the size of object.

18. As we move from point C to D in the graph , the ______(real/virtual) object moves from _____to______.and
the ________(real/virtual) image moves from ______to______.Show this movement in a diagram.

19. A point object is placed on the principal axis at 60 cm infront of a concave mirror of focal length 40 cm on the
principal axis.If the object is moved with a velocity of 10 cm/s (a) along the principal axis,find the velocity of
image (b) perpendicular to the principal axis, find the velocity of image at that moment.

REFRACTION IN GENERAL , REFRACTION AT PLANE SURFACE AND T.I.R.

20. A light ray falling at an angle of 60° with the surface of a clean slab of ice of thickness 1.00 m is refracted
into it at an angle of 15°. Calculate the time taken by the light rays to cross the slab. Speed of light in
vacuum = 3 × 108 m/s.

21. A light ray is incident at 45° on a glass slab. The slab is 3 cm thick, and the refractive index of the glass is
1.5. What will the displacement of the ray be as a result of its passage through the slab? At what angle will
the ray emerge from the slab?

22. Rays incident on an interface would converge 10 cm below the interface if

they continued to move in straight lines without bending. But due to refraction,
the rays will bend and meet some where else. Find the distance of meeting
point of refracted rays below the interface, assuming the rays to be making
small angles with the normal to the interface.

23. Find the apparent distance between the observer and the object shown
in the figure and shift in the position of object.

24. Find the apparent depth of the object seen by obsever A ?

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25. A small object is placed at the centre of the bottom of a cylindrical vessel of radius 3 cm and height 4 cm
filled completely with water. Consider the ray leaving the vessel through a corner. Suppose this ray and
the ray along the axis of the vessel are used to trace the image. Find the apparent depth of the
image.Refractive index of water = 4/3.

26. A concave mirror of radius R is kept on a horizontal table (figure).

Water (refractive index = µ) is poured into it upto a height h. Where
should an object be placed (its distance from the water surface) so
that its final image is formed on itself. Consider two cases
(i) h  0 (ii) in terms of h

27. A point source is placed at a depth h below the surface of water (refractive index = µ).The medium above
the surface of water is air (µ =1).Find the area on the surface of water through which light comes in air
from water.

28. A rectangular glass wedge is lowered into water ( = 4/3). The refractive
index of glass is µg = 1.5. At what angle  will the beam of light normally
incident on AB reach AC entirely?

REFRACTION BY PRISM

29. A prism (n = 2) of apex angle 90° is placed in air (n = 1). What should be the angle of incidence so that light ray
strikes the second surface at an angle of 60º.

30. Ref. index of a prism (A = 60°) placed in air (n = 1) is n = 1.5. Light ray is incident on this prism at an angle of
60º. Find the angle of deviation. State whether this is a minimum deviation.
1
Given : sin–1 = 35º , sin–1 0.4 = 25º , sin–1 0.6 = 37º.
3
31. The cross section of a glass prism has the form of an equilateral triangle. A ray is incident onto one of the
faces perpendicular to it. Find the angle  between the incident ray and the ray that leaves the prism. The
refractive index of glass is µ = 1.5.
32. The angle of refraction of a prism is 60°. A light ray emerges from the prism at the same angle as it is
incident on it. The refractive index of the prism is 1.5. Determine the angle by which the ray is deflected
from its initial direction as a result of its passage through the prism.
33. Find the angle of deviation suffered by the light ray shown in figure. The refractive
index for the prism material is µ = 3/2.
(i) When the prism is placed in air ( = 1)
(ii) When the prism is placed in water ( = 4/3)

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REFRACTION BY SPHERICAL SURFACE

34. A spherical surface of radius 30 cm separates two transparent media A and B with refractive indices 4/3
and 3/2 respectively. The medium A is on the convex side of the surface. Where should a point object be
placed in medium A so that the paraxial rays become parallel after refraction at the surface?

35. A narrow parallel beam of light is incident paraxially on a solid transparent sphere of radius r. What
should be the refractive index if the beam is to be focused (a) At the surface of the sphere, (b) at the
centre of the sphere.

36. A point object lies inside a transparent solid sphere of radius 20 cm and of refractive index n = 2. When the
object is viewed from air through the nearest surface it is seen at a distance 5 cm from the surface.Find the
distance of object when it is seen through the farthest curved surface.

37. An object is placed 10 cm away from a glass piece (n = 1.5) of length 20 cm bound by spherical surfaces of
radii of curvature 10 cm.Find the position of final image formed after twice refractions.

38. (i) A paper weight of n = 3/2 in the form of a hemisphere of radius 3.0 cm is used to hold down a
printed page. An observer looks at the page vertically through the paperweight. At what height
above the page will the printed letters near the centre appear to the observer?
(ii) Solve the previous problem if the paperweight is inverted at its place so that the spherical surface
touches the paper.

LENS

39. A double convex lens has focal length 50 cm. The radius of curvature of one of the surfaces is double of
the other. Find the radii, if the refractive index of the material of the lens is 2.

40. Lenses are constructed by a material of refractive index 1.50. The magnitude of the radii of curvature are
20 cm and 30 cm. Find the focal lengths of the possible lenses with the above specifications.

41. Find the focal length of lens shown in the figure. Solve for three cases ns = 1.5, ns = 2.0, ns = 2.5.

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42. A thin lens made of a material of refractive index µ 2 has a medium of refractive index µ1 on one side and a
medium of refractive index µ3 on the other side. The lens is biconvex and the two radii of curvature has
equal magnitude R. A beam of light travelling parallel to the principal axis is incident on the lens. Where
will the image be formed if the beam is incident from (a) the medium µ1 and (b) from the medium µ3?

43. An object of height 6 cm is set at right angles to the optical axis of a double convex lens of optical power
5 D & 25 cm away from the lens. Determine the focal length of the lens, the position of the image, the
linear magnification of the lens, and the height of the image formed by it.

44. A lens placed between a candle and a screen forms a real triply magnified image of the candle on the
screen. When the lens is moved away from the candle by 0.8 m without changing the position of the
candle, a real image one-third the size of the candle is formed on the screen. Determine the focal length of
the lens.

45. A lens with a focal length of 16 cm produces a sharp image of a real object in two positions of lens which
are 60 cm apart. Find the distance (fixed) from the object to the screen.

46. The diameter of the sun is 1.4 × 109 m and its distance from the earth is 1.5 × 1011 m. Find the diameter
of the image of the sun formed by a lens of focal length 40 cm.

47. A 5.0 diopter lens forms a virtual image which is 4 times the object placed perpendicularly on the principal
axis of the lens. Find the distance of the object from the lens.

48. A diverging lens of focal length 20 cm and a converging mirror of focal length 10 cm are placed coaxially
at a separation of 5 cm. Where should an object be placed so that a real image is formed at the object
itself?

49. A converging lens of focal length 12 cm and a diverging mirror of focal length 7.5 cm are placed 5.0 cm
apart with their principal axes coinciding. Where should an object be placed so that its image falls on
itself?

50. A converging lens and a diverging mirror are placed at a separation of 15 cm. The focal length of the lens
is 25 cm and that of the mirror is 40 cm. Where should a point source be placed between the lens and the
mirror so that the light, after getting reflected by the mirror and then getting transmitted by the lens, comes
out parallel to the principal axis?
51. A converging lens of focal length 15 cm and a converging mirror of length 10 cm are placed 50 cm apart.
If a object of length 2.0 cm is placed 30 cm from the lens farther away from the mirror, where will the final
image form and what will be the size of the final image?

52. A point object is placed on the principal axis of a convex lens (f = 15 cm) at a distance of
30 cm from it. A glass plate (µ = 1.50) of thickness 1 cm is placed on the other side of the lens perpendicular
to the axis. Locate the image of the point object.
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53. A convex lens of focal length 20 cm and a concave lens of focal length 10 cm are placed 10 cm apart with
their principal axes coinciding. A beam of light travelling parallel to the principal axis and having a beam
diameter 5.0 mm, is incident on the combination. Show that the emergent beam is parallel to the incident
one. Find the beam diameter of the emergent beam.

COMBINATION OF LENSES/LENS & MIRRORS

54. 2 identical thin converging lenses brought in contact so that their axes coincide are placed 12.5 cm from
an object. What is the optical power of the system & each lens, if the real image formed by the system of
lenses is four times as large as the object?
55. A point object is placed at a distance of 15 cm from a convex lens. The image is formed on the other side
at a distance of 30 cm from the lens. When a concave lens is placed in contact with the convex lens, the
image shifts away further by 30 cm. Calculate the focal lengths of the two lenses.
56. A convex & a concave lens are brought in close contact along their optical axes. The focal length of the
convex lens is 10 cm. When the system is placed at 40 cm from an object, a sharp image of the object
is formed on a screen on the other side of the system. Determine the optical power of the concave lens if the
distance  between the object & the screen is 1.6m.
57. The convex surface of a thin concavo-convex lens of glass of refractive
index 1.5 has a radius of curvature 20 cm. the concave surface has a
radius of curvature 60 cm. The convex side is silvered and placed on a
horizontal surface as shown in figure. (a) Where should a pin be placed
on the axis so that its image is formed at the same place? (b) If the concave
part is filled with water (µ = 4.3), find the distance through which the pin
should be moved so that the image of the pin again coincides with the pin.

DISPERSION OF LIGHT

58. A certain material has refractive indices 1.56, 1.60 and 1.68 for red, yellow and violet light respectively. (a)
Calculate the dispersive power. (b) Find the angular dispersion produced by a thin prism of angle 6° made of
this material.

59. A flint glass prism and a crown glass prism are to be combined in such a way that the deviation of the mean ray
is zero. The refractive index of flint and crown glasses for the mean ray are 1.620 and 1.518 respectively. If the
refracting angle of the flint prism is 6.0°, what would be the refracting angle of crown prism?

60. Three thin prisms are combined as shown in figure. The refractive indices
of the crown glass for red, yellow and violet rays are µr, µy and µv
respectively and those for the flint glass are µr, µy and µu respectively.
Find the ratio A/A for which (a) there is no net angular dispersion, and (b)
there is no net deviation in the yellow ray.


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EXERCISE-II
1. On reflection from a plane surface, the following gets changed –
(A) wavelength (B) frequency (C) speed (D) amplitude
2. If a ray of light is incident on a plane mirror at an angle of incidence of 30º, then deviation produced
by mirror is
(A) 30º (B) 60º (C) 90º (D) 120º
3. The image of a real object formed by a plane mirror is :
(A) Erect, real and of equal size (B) Erect, virtual and of equal size
(C) Inverted, real and of equal size (D) Inverted, virtual and of equal size
4. A man 160 cm. hingh stands in front of a plane mirror. His eyes are at a height of 150 cm. from the
floor. Then the minimum length of the plane mirror for him to see his full length image is
(A) 85 cm (B) 170 cm (C) 80 cm (D) 340 cm
5. A small object is 10 cm in front of a plane mirror. A man stands 30 cm from the mirror, behind the object
and looks at the object's image. He should focus his eyes to see the image at a distance :
(A) 25 cm. (B) 35 cm. (C) 45 cm. (D) 40 cm.
6. An object is initially at a distance of 100 cm from a plane mirror. If the mirror approaches the object at a
speed of 5 cm/s. Then after 6 s the distance between the object and its image will be :
(A) 60 cm (B) 140 cm (C) 170 cm (D) 150 cm
7. A person is standing in front of a plane mirror. If the mirror recedes with velocity v, the relative separation
of person and his image per second is
(A) 0 (B) v (C) 2 v (D) v/2
8. Two mirrors are placed perpendicular to each other. A ray strikes the first mirror and after reflection from
the first mirror it falls on the second mirror. The ray after reflection from second mirror will emerge:
(A) Perpendicular to the original ray (B) Parallel to the original ray
(C) At 450 to the original ray (D) At 600 to the original ray
9. An object is placed between two plane mirrors set at 600 to each other. The maximum number of images
seen will be :
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 6
10. A person is in a room whose ceiling and two adjacent walls are mirrors. How many images are formed?
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 7 (D) 8

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11. If an object is placed unsymmetrically between two plane mirrors, inclined at an angle of 720, then the
total number of images formed is :
(A) 5 (B) 4 (C) 2 (D) Infinity
12. Two plane mirrors are inclined to one another at an angle of 60º. A ray M2
is incident on mirror M1 at an angle i. The reflected ray from mirrot M2
is parallel to mirror M1 as shown in figure. The angle of incidence i is
i i

)
)
(A) 20º (B) 10º ) 60º
O M1
(C) 30º (D) 40º
13. Images formed by an object placed between two plane mirrors whose reflecting surfaces make an angle
of 900 with one another lie on
(A) Straight line (B) Zig-zag curve (C) Circle (D) Ellipse
14. Two plane mirrors are inclined to one another at an angle of 40o. A point object is placed in between
them. The number of images formed due to reflection at both mirrors is :
(A) Infinite (B) 9 (C) 8 (D) 6
15. At what angle must two plane mirrors be placed so that incident and resulting reflected rays are always
parallel to each other
(A) 00 (B) 300 (C) 600 (D) 900
16. It is necessary to illuminate the bottom of a well by reflected solar beam when the light is incident at an
angel of  = 40º to the vertical. At what angle  to the horizontal should a plane mirror be placed ?
(A) 70º (B) 20º (C) 50º (D) 40º
17. Magnification of a concave mirror
(A) Is always positive (B) Is always negative
(C) Can be positive as well as negative (D) Is always zero
18. An equiconvex lens
(A) Is always convergent
(B) Is always divergent
(C) May be convergent or divergent depending upon the surrounding medium
(D) Is neither convergent, nor divergent
19. A person’s eye level is 1.5 m. He stands in front of a 0.3m long plane mirror which is 0.8 m above the ground. The
length of the image he sees of himself is:
(A) 1.5m (B) 1.0m (C) 0.8m (D) 0.6m

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20. Light travels through a glass (refractive index µ) plate of thickness t. If T is the time taken by light to travel
the thickness of the plate then speed of light in vacuum is given by

t tT t T
(A) (B)  (C) T
(D) t
T

21. In a vessel two insoluble liquids are filled as shown in the figure. The
4
effective refractive index of the combination for normal view is µ1 =
3 8 cm

(A) 1.33 (B) 1.5 3

µ2 = 6 cm
2
(C) 1.67 (D) 1.4
22. A bird is at a height X above the water surface and a fish is at a depth Y below the surface. If the two are in
a vertical line and µ in the refractive index of water w.r.t air, then distance of the fish as observed by the bird
is
Y Y
(A) X   (B) X   (C) µX + Y (D) X + µY

23. Figure shows a right angle isosceles prism of glass of refractive index 1.414. The A
angle of incidence i at AB for which the refracted ray through diagonal face goes
undeviated is
i
(A) 0° (B) 30°
(C) 45° (D) 90° B C
24. The radii of curvature of the two surfaces of a lens are 20 cm and 30 cm. The refractive index of lens material
is 1.5. If the lens is concavoconvex then focal length of the lens is
(A) 120 cm (B) 40 cm (C) 15 cm (D) 24 cm
25. A converging beam is incident on a convex lens of glass placed in air. The image formed is
(A) Real, erect and enlarged (B) Real, erect and diminished
(C) Virtual, erect and diminished (D) Virtual, erect and enlarged
26. An achromatic lens combination is to be made with a lens of focal length f, dispersive power
4
 and with a lens of dispersive power . The focal length of the second lens should be
3

4 3 4 3
(A) f (B) f (C) f (D) f
3 4 3 4

27. A ray of light passes from vacuum into a medium of refractive index µ. If the angle of incidence is found to
be twice the angle of refraction, then the angle of refraction is
1   1    
(A) cos  2  (B) 2 cos  2  (C) 2 sin–1 (–µ) (D) 2 sin 1 
    2

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28. A convex lens of focal length 40 cm and a concave lens of focal length 36 cm are kept coaxially at 4 cm apart.
The power of the combination for parallel rays is
(A) 2.5 D (B) 25 D (C) 10 D (D) Zero
 4
29. Upto what height should water    3  be filled into a vessel of height 28 cm such that it appears half filled
 
when viewed from the top?
(A) 16 cm (B) 13.5 cm (C) 21 cm (D) 12 cm
30. In which of the following phenomena, total internal reflection does not take place?
(A) Rainbow (B) Optical fiber (C) Mirage (D) Looming
31. The focal length of a concave lens is 50 cm, its optical power is
(A) 1 D (B) –2 D (C) 0.5 D (D) –4 D
32. A ray of light incident on an equilateral glass prism shows minimum deviation of 30°. Calculate the speed of
light through the glass prism
3
(A) 2 × 108 m/s (B) 1 × 108 m/s (C) 3  10 8 m/s (D)  10 8 m/s
2 M1
33. Find the angle of incidence of the ray on the mirror M2, so that the ray becomes
parallel to mirror M2, after reflection from M1

(A) 60° (B) 45° 60°

(C) 30° (D) 90° M2

34. A beam is incident on a tube containing two convex lenses of focal length 15
cm and 20 cm as shown. If the diameter of incident beam is 10 cm, find the 
diameter of final beam

40 20 50 25
(A) cm (B) cm (C) cm (D) cm
3 3 3 3
35. A glass slab of thickness 5 mm is placed over a table on which there are three letters of different colour red, yellow
& violet. Which of the letter will shift the least?
(A) Red (B) Yellow (C) Violet (D) Same shift for all
36. For what value of angle of incidence for a prism of refractive index 2 and angle of prism equal to 90°, there will
be no emergence from the other face?
(A) 30° (B) 60° (C) 90° (D) For any value other than 90°
37. A cubical glass paper-weight of side ‘a’ is placed over a physics paper. What should be the value of refractive
index so that the paper can not be seen from the walls of the cube?
4 3
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) (D)
3 2
38. A plano convex lens is silvered at its convex surface. The refractive index and the radius of curvature of the lens are
3
and 30 cm respectively. Then the effective focal length will be
2
(A) 20 cm (B) 10 cm (C) 40 cm (D) 15 cm
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39. The separation between the object and the screen is 100 cm. There are two positions of the lens for which image
is formed on the screen itself and the separation between the two positions of the lens is 60 cm. The focal length
of the lens is
(A) 10 cm (B) 13 cm (C) 16 cm (D) 18 cm
40. In the previous question, the magnification of the object is 4 in one of the positions then what will be magnification
of the object in second position?
1 1
(A) +4 (B) –2 (C)  (D) 
2 4

 4
41. The focal length of a lens in air is 20 cm. If lens is placed in water    3  the new focal length will be
 
(A) 5 cm (B) 80 cm (C) 60 cm (D) 120 cm
42. A lens is cut from the optical centre along the principal axis and the two parts of
the lens are placed sideways as shown in figure. Then the new focal length of the
combination
(A) Remains the same (B) Becomes double
(C) Becomes half (D) Becomes triple
43. Two different letters, one red & other violet are covered with two hemispherical paper weights of refractive
indices 2 and radius R. If the letters are at the centre of the hemisphere then
(A) Red letter will shift more (B) Both will shift by same distance
(C) Violet letter will shift more (D) There will be no shift
f
44. A thin rod of length is placed along the principal axis of a concave mirror of focal length f, such that its image
3
which is real and elongated, just touches the rod. Then the magnification of the rod is
3 2 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 2
2 3 2
45. A ray passes through an equilateral prism and suffers minimum deviation. Find the angle between the ray inside the
prism and the base of the prism
(A) 60° (B) 30° (C) 45° (D) 0°

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EXERCISE-III

B A
1. A glass prism of refractive index 1.5 is immersed in water (refractive index
4 3 ). A light beam incident normally on the face AB is totally reflected to
reach the face BC if :
(A) sin   8 9 (B) 2 3  sin   8 9 C
(C) Sin   2 3 (D) none of these

2. A concave mirror is placed on a horizontal table with its axis directed vertically upwards. Let O be the pole of the
mirror and C its centre of curvature. A point object is placed at C. It has a real image, also located at C. If the
mirror is now filled with water, the image will be :
(A) real and will remain at C
(B) real and located at a point between C and 
(C) virtual and located at a point between C and O
(D) real and located at a point between C and O

3. The size of the image of an object, which is at infinity, as formed by a convex lens of focal length 30 cm is 2 cm.
If a concave lens of focal length 20 cm is placed between the convex lens and the image at a distance of 26 cm
from the convex lens, calculate the new size of the image.
(A) 1.25 cm (B) 2.5 cm (C) 1.05 cm (D) 2 cm

4. A convex lens is in contact with concave lens. The magnitude of the ratio of their focal length is 2 3. Their
equivalent focal length is 30 cm. What are their individual focal lengths ?
(A) – 75, 50 (B) – 10, 15 (C) 75, 50 (D) – 15, 10

5. A concave lens of glass, refractive index 1.5, has both surfaces of same radius of curvature R. On immersion in
a medium of refractive index 1.75, it will behave as a
(A) convergent lens of focal length 3.5 R (B) convergent lens of focal length 3.0 R
(C) divergent lens of focal length 3.5 R (D) divergent lens of focal length 3.0 R

6. A diverging beam of light from a point source S having divergence angle  , falls
symmetrically on a glass slab as shown. The angles of incidence of the two extreme
rays are equal. If the thickness of the glass slab is t and the refractive index n, then
the divergence angle of the emergent beam is
(A) zero (B) 
(C) sin 1 (1/ n) (D) 2sin 1 (1/ n)

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7. A rectangular glass ABCD, of refractive index n1 , is immersed in water of

refractive index n 2 (n1  n 2 ) . A ray of light is incident at the surface AB of the
slab as shown. The maximum value of the angle of incidence max , such that
the ray comes out only from the other surface CD is given by

n  n  1   1 1  
(A) sin 1  1 cos  sin 1 2   (B) sin  n1 cos  sin 
 n2  n1     n 2 

n  1  n 
(C) sin 1  1  (D) sin  2 
 n2   n1 
8. A point source of light B is placed at a distance L in front of the centre of a mirror of width
d hung vertically on a wall. A man walks in front of the mirror along a line parallel to the
mirror at a distance 2L from it as shown. The greatest distance over which he can see the
image of the light source in the mirror is
(A) d/2 (B) d (C) 2d (D) 3d
9. A hollow double concave lens a made of very thin transparent material. It can be filled with air or either of two
liquids L1 or L2 having refractive indices n1 and n 2 respectively (n 2  n1  1) . The lens will diverge a parallel
beam of light if it is filled with
(A) air and placed in air (B) air and immersed in L1
(C) L1 and immersed in L2 (D) L2 and immersed in L1
10. A ray of light is incident at the glass-water interference at an angle i. It
emerges finally parallel to the surface of water as shown in the figure.
The value of  g would be:

4 1
(A)   sin i (B)
3 sin i
2
(C) (D) 1.5
3 sin i
11. In the visible region, the dispersive powers and the mean angular deviations for crown and flint glass prisms are w
and w' and d and d' respectively. When the two prisms are combined, the condition of zero dispersion by the
combination is:
2 2
(A) d  d   0 (B) d  d   0 (C) d  d   0 (D)  d     d  0
12. A prism is made up of material of refractive index 3 . The angle of the prism is A. If the angle of minimum
deviation is equal to the angle of the prism, then the value of A is:
(A) 30o (B) 45o (C) 60o (D) 75o

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13. To get three images of an single object, one should have two plane mirror at an angle of:
(A) 60o (B) 90o (C) 120o (D) 30o

14. A transparent cube of 0.21 cm, edge contains a small air bubble. Its apparent distance when viewed through one
face of the cube is 0.10 cm and when viewed from the opposite face is 0.04 cm. The actual distance of the bubble
from the second face of the cube is:
(A) 0.04 cm (B) 0.05 cm (C) 0.06 cm (D) 0.17 cm

15. Maximum lateral displacement of a ray of light incident on a slab of thickness t is:
t t t
(A) t (B) (C) (D)
2 3 4

16. A plano-convex lens has focal length f  20cm . If its plane surface is silvered, then the new focal length will be:
(A) 10 cm (B) 15 cm (C) 20 cm (D) 25 cm

17. A prism of refractive index  and angle A is placed in the minimum deviation position. If the angle of minimum
deviation is A, then the value of A in terms of  is :

   1
(A) sin 1   / 2  (B) cos1   / 2  (C) sin 1 (D) 2cos 1   / 2 
2

18. The angle of deviation () vs angle of incidence (i) is plotted for a 
prism. Pick up the correct statements.
(A) The angle of prism is 60o 65o

(B) The refractive index of the prism is n  3

60o
(C) For deviation to be 65o the angle of incidence i1  55o
(D) The curve of '  ' vs 'i' is parabolic i
i1 60 o 70 o

19. A bi-convex lens is placed between a light source and a concave mirror as shown such that image of the light
source coincides with itself. Then,
(A) light, after being refracted, may fall normally on the mirror
(B) light, after being refracted, may fall at the pole of the mirror
Source
(C) source and its image can coincide for two positions of source
(D) none of the above

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20. A converging lens is used to form an image on a screen. When the upper half of the lens is covered by an opaque
screen :
(A) half of the image will disappear (B) complete image will be formed
(C) intensity of the image will increase (D) intensity of the image will decrease
  3
21. A point object is placed at 30 cm from a convex glass lens  g  2  of focal length 20 cm. The final image of
 
object will be formed at infinity if :
(A) another concave lens of focal length 60 cm is placed in contact with the previous lens
(B) another convex lens of focal length 60 cm is placed at a distance of 30 cm from the first lens
4
(C) the whole system is immersed in a liquid of refractive index
3
9
(D) the whole system is immersed in a liquid of refractive index
8

22. An object and a screen are kept at a distance of 120 cm. A lens of focal length 22.5 cm is kept between them so
that a real image is formed on the screen. The possible location of the lens is :
(A) 90 cm from object (B) 30 cm from object (C) 40 cm from object (D) 80 cm from object

23. In the figure shown a point object O is placed in air on the principal axis. The radius of curvature of the spherical
surface is 60 cm. I f is the final image formed after all the refractions and reflections.
(A) If d1  120 cm, then the ' I f ' is formed on ‘O’ for any value of d2
ng=3/2
(B) If d1  240 cm, then the ' I f ' is formed on ‘O’ only if d 2  360 cm O
(C) If 1   2 , then there cannot be a virtual image of virtual object
(D) If 1   2 , then there cannot be a real image of real object d1
d2

Passage – I
A ray of light falls on an equilateral prism ABC as shown. Face AC of the prism is polished.

24. What is the refractive index  of the material of the prism so that when the ray falls on face BC (after reflecting
from AC) it makes an angle 60º with it :
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 2 (D) 1.5

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25. With the value of  calculated above find total deviation, when the ray of light finally emerges from BC:
(A) 120º (B) 180º (C) 150º (D) 90º

Passage – II
A convex lens of focal length 20 cm and a concave lens of focal length 10 cm are placed 20 cm apart. In between
them an object is placed at distance x from the convex lens.
26. What is the value of x (in cm) so that images formed by both the lenses coincide ?
20 3 1 20
(A) 20  3 1  (B)
3
(C)
3
(D) 10  
3 1

27. What will be the linear magnification produced by convex lens and concave lens individually.
1 1
(A)  
3 1 and
3
(B) 3 and 3
(C)  
3 1 and  
3 1

(D) 
3 and 2 3  3 

28. Match the following :

Table–1 Table–2
(A) Convex mirror, virtual object (P) Real Image
(B) Concave mirror, virtual object (Q) Virtual Image
(C) Concave lens, real object (R) Magnified Image
(D) Convex lens, real object (S) Diminished Image

29. A ray of light falls normally on an equilateral prism of refractive index   3 . Match the following table:
Table –1 Table –2
(A) Angle i1 (P) 0°
(B) Angle r1 (Q) 90º
(C) Angle i 2 (R) 60º
(D) Angle r2 (S) None

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EXERCISE-IV

Previous Years JEE Main / AIEEE Questions

1. Two plane mirrors are inclined at 60o to each other. The no. of images formed by them will
be – [AIEEE-2002]
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) None

2. To get three images of a single object, one should have two plane mirrors at an angle of
[AIEEE-2003]
(A) 90º (B) 120º (C) 30º (D)60º

2
3. A transparent solid cylindrical rod has a refractive index of . It is surrounded by air. A light ray is incident at
3

the midpoint of one end of the rod as shown in the figure.

The incident angle  for which the light ray grazes along the wall of the rod is - [AIEEE-2009]

1
1   1
 3  1  2  1  1 
(A) sin  2  (B) sin  2  (C) sin   (D) sin  
     3  3

4. Which of the following is used in optical fibres [AIEEE-2002]

(A) Total internal relection
(B) Scattering
(C) Difraction
(D) Refraction

5. A light ray is incident perpendicularly to one face of a 90° prism and is

totally internally reflected at the glass-air interface. If the angle of reflexion
is 45°, we conclude that the refractive index n
[AIEEE-2004]
1 1
(A) n < (B) n > 2 (C) n > (D) n < 2
2 2

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6. A fish looking up through the water sees the outside world contained in a circular horizon. If the refractive
index of water is 4/3 and the fish is 12 cm below the surface, the radius of this circle in cm is
[AIEEE-2005]
(A) 36 7 (B) 36/ 7 (C) 36 5 (D) 4 5

7. The refractive index of glass is 1.520 for red light and 1.525 for blue light. Let D1 and D2 be angles of
minimum deviation for red and blue light respectively in a prism of this glass. Then
[AIEEE 2006]
(A) D1 can be less than or greater than D2 depending upon the angle of prism
(B) D1 > D2
(C) D1 < D2
(D) D1 = D2

8. A plano convex lens of refractive index 1.5 and radius of curvature 30 cm is silvered at the curved
surface. Now this lens has been used to form the image of an object. At what distance from this lens
an object be placed in order to have a real image of the size of the object – [AIEEE-2004]
(A) 20 cm (B) 30 cm (C) 60 cm (D) 80 cm

9. Two lenses of power -15D and +5D are in contact with each other. The focal length of the combination
is [AIEEE 2007]
(A) – 20 cm (B) –10 cm (C) +20cm (D) +10 cm

10. A student measures the focal length of a convex lens by putting an object pin at a distance ‘u’ from the
lens and measuring the distance ‘v’ of the image pin. The graph between ‘u’ and ‘v’ plotted by the student
should look like - [AIEEE 2008]
v(cm)
v(cm)

(A) (B)
O u(cm) O u(cm)

v(cm) v(cm)

(C) (D)
O u(cm) O u(cm)

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2
11. A transparent solid cylindrical rod has a refractive index of . It is surrounded by air. A light ray is
3
incident at the mid-point of one end of the rod as shown in the figure.

The incident angle  for which the light ray grazes along the wall of the rod is : [AIEEE 2009]

 3 1  2  1  1  1  1 
(A) sin 1   (B) sin  (C) sin  (D) sin  
 2   3   3  2

12. In an optics experiment, with the position of the object fixed, a student varies the position of a convex lens
and for each position, the screen is adjusted to get a clear image of the object. A graph between the object
distance u and the image distance v, from the lens, is plotted using the same scale for the two axes. A
straight line passing through the origin and making an angle of 45º with the x-axis meets the experimental
curve at P. The coordinates of P will be : [AIEEE 2009]

f f
(A)  ,  (B) f, f (C) 4 f , 4 f  (D) 2 f , 2 f 
2 2

13. Let the x-z plane be the boundary between two transparent media. Medium 1 in z  0 has a refractive
index of 2 and medium 2 with z  0 has a refractive index of 3 . A ray of light in medium 1 given

by the vector A  6 3i  8 3 j  10k is incident on the plane of separation. The angle of refraction in
medium 2 is : [AIEEE 2011]
(A) 45º (B) 60º (C) 75º (D) 30º
14. A car is fitted with a convex side-view mirror of focal length 20 cm. A second car 2.8 m behind the first
car is overtaking the first car at a relative speed of 15 m/s. The speed of the image of the second car as
seen in the mirror of the first one is : [AIEEE 2011]

1 1
(A) m/s (B) 10 m/s (C) 15 m/s (D) m/s
15 10

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15. A beaker contains water up to a height h1 and kerosene of height h2 above water so that the total height
of (water + kerosene) is h1  h2 . Refractive index of water is 1 and that of kerosene is  2 . The
apparent shift in the position of the bottom of the beaker when viewed from above is : [AIEEE 2011RS]

 1   1   1  1 
(A) 1    h1  1    h2 (B) 1    h1  1    h2

1 2 1  2

 1   1   1  1 
(C) 1    h2  1    h1 (D) 1    h2  1    h1

1 2 1  2

16. When monochromatic red light is used instead of blue light in a convex lens, its focal length will:
(A) increase (B) decrease [AIEEE 2011RS]
(C) remain same (D) does not depend on colour of light
17. An object 2.4 m in front of a lens forms a sharp image on a film 12 cm behind the lens. A glass plate
1 cm thick, of refractive index 1.50 is interposed between lens and film with its plane faces parallel to film.
At what distance (from lens) should object shifted to be in sharp focus of film? [AIEEE 2012]
(A) 7.2 m (B) 2.4 m (C) 3.2 m (D) 5.6 m
18. Diameter of a plano-convex lens is 6 cm and thickness at the centre is 3 mm. If speed of light in material
of lens is 2  108 m / s, the focal length of the lens is : [JEE MAIN 2013]

(A) 15 cm (B) 20 cm (C) 30 cm (D) 10 cm

19. The graph between angle of deviation   and angle of incidence (i) for a triangular prism is represented
by : [JEE MAIN 2013]

(A) (B) (C) (D)

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20. A green light is incident from the water to the air-water interface at the critical angle  . Select the correct
statement.
(A) The entire spectrum of visible light will come out of the water at an angle of 90º to the normal.
(B) The spectrum of visible light whose frequency is less than that of green light will come out to the air
medium.
(C) The spectrum of visible light whose frequency is more than that of green light will come out to the
air medium.
(D) The entire spectrum of visible light will come out of the water at various angles to the normal.

21. Monochromatic light is incident on a glass prism of angle A. If the refractive index of the
material of the prism is  , a ray, incident at an angle  , on the face AB would get transmitted
through the face AC of the prism provided :

[JEE MAIN 2015]

   1      1  
(A)   cos 1  sin  A  sin 1     (B)   cos 1  sin  A  sin 1    
             

   1   1   1  1   
(C)   sin 1  sin  A  sin 1     (D)   sin  sin  A  sin    
             
22. In an experiment for determination of refractive index of glass of a prism by i   , plot, it was found that a ray-
incident at angle 35º, suffers a deviation of 40º and that it emerges at angle 79º. In that case which of the following
is closest to the maximum possible value of the refractive index? [JEE MAIN 2016]
(A) 1.5 (B) 1.6 (C) 1.7 (D) 1.8

23. A diverging lens with magnitude of focal length 25 cm is placed at a distance of 15 cm from a converging lens of
magnitude of focal length 20 cm. A beam of parallel light falls on the diverging lens. The final image formed is :
[JEE MAIN 2017]
(A) real and at a distance of 40 cm from convergent lens.
(B) virtual and at a distance of 40 cm from convergent lens.
(C) real and at a distance of 40 cm from the divergent lens.
(D) real and at a distance of 6 cm from the convergent lens.

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Previous Years JEE (Advanced) / IIT-JEE Questions

24. (i) In ray of light (CH) is incident on the glass-water interface DC at an angle ‘i’. It
emerges in air along the water-air interface EF (see figure). If the refractive index
of water  w is 4/3, the refractive index of glass  g is : [JEE - 2003]
3 1
(A) 4 sini (B) sini
4 sini 4
(C) (D)
3 3 sini
(ii) A thin convex lens of focal length 30 cm forms an image 2 cm high, of an object at infinity. A thin concave lens
of focal length 20 cm is placed 26 cm from the convex lens on the side of the image. The height of the image
now is :
(A) 1.0 cm (B) 1.25 cm (C) 2 cm (D) 2.5 cm

25. A meniscus lens is made of a material of refractive index  2 . Both its surfaces have radii
of curvature R. It has two different media of refractive indices 1 and 3 respectively,,
on its two sides (shown in the figure). Calculate its focal length for 1  2  3 , when
light is incident on it as shown.
[JEE - 2003]
26. A point object is situated at the centre of a solid glass sphere of radius 6 cm and refractive index 1.5. The distance
of its virtual image from the surface of the sphere is [JEE - 2004]
(A) 4 cm (B) 6 cm (C) 9 cm (D) 12 cm
27. An equilateral prism is kept on a horizontal surface. A typical ray of light PQRS is
shown in the figure. For minimum deviation
[JEE - 2004]

(A) the ray PQ must be horizontal (B) the ray RS must be horizontal
(C) the ray QR must be horizontal (D) any one of them can be horizontal
28. A ray of white light is incident on an interface between glass and air from glass towards air. The angle of
incidence is such that the green light just suffers total internal reflection. The ray of light emerging from glass to
air contains : [JEE - 2004]
(A) red, orange and yellow colours (B) violet, indigo and blue colour
(C) all colours (D) all colours except green

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29. A ray of light in air is incident on face AB of an irregular block made of

material with refractive index 2 , as shown in figure. The face CD opposite
to AB is a spherical surface of radius of curvature 0.4 m. From this face the
refracted ray enters a medium of refractive index 1.514 and meets the axis
PQ at point E. Determine the distance OE correct to two decimal places.
[JEE - 2004]
30. An object is placed at a distance of 0.4 m from a lens having focal length 0.3 m. The object is moving towards the
lens at a speed of 0.01 m/s. Find the rates of change of position of image and lateral magnification of image.
[JEE - 2004]
31. In the figure two triangular prisms are shown each of refractive index 3 .

(A) Find the angle of incidence on the face AB for minimum deviation from the prism ABC ?
(B) Find the angle through which the prism DCE should be rotated about the edge passing through point C so that
there should be minimum deviation from the system ? [JEE - 2005]
32. A point object is placed at distance of 20 cm from a thin planoconvex lens of focal length 15 cm. The plane
surface of the lens is now silvered. The image created by the system is at : [JEE - 2006]
(A) 60 cm to the left of the system (B) 60 cm to the right of the system
(C) 12 cm to the left of the system (D) 12 cm to the right of the system

33. The graph between object coordinate u and image coordinate v for a lens is
given below. The focal length of the lens is : [JEE - 2006]
(A) 5  0.1
(B) 5  0.05
(C) 0.5  0.1
(D) 0.5  0.05
34. A biconvex lens of focal length f forms a circular image of radius r of sun in focal plane. Then which option is
correct : [JEE - 2006]
2 2 2
(A) r  f (B) r  f
(C) If lower half part is converted by black sheet, then area of the image is equal to r 2 /2
(D) If f is doubled, intensity will increase
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35. A ray of light travelling in water is incident on its surface open to air. The angle of incidence is  , which is less than
the critical angle. Then there will be : [JEE - 2007]
(A) only a reflected ray and no refracted ray (B) only a refracted ray and no reflected ray
(C) a reflected ray and a refracted ray and the angle between them would be less than 180º – 2
(D) a reflected ray and a refracted ray and the angle between them would be greater than 180º – 2 .
36. Statement – 1 : The formula connecting u, v and f for a spherical mirror is valid only for mirrors whose sizes are
very small compared to their radii of curvature. [JEE - 2007]
Statement – 2 : Laws of reflection are strictly valid for plane surfaces, but not for large spherical surfaces.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True ; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True ; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False.
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True.
37. Two beams of red and violet colours are made to pass separately through a prism (angle of the prism is 60º). In
the position of minimum deviation, the angle of refraction will be [JEE - 2008]
(A) 30º for both the colours (B) greater for the violet colour
(C) greater for the red colour (D) equal but not 30º for both the colours
38. A light beam is travelling from Region I to Region IV (Refer Figure). The refractive index in Regions I, II, III and
n n
IV are n0 , n0 , 0 and 0 respectively. The angle of incidence  for which the beam just misses entering
2 6 8
Region IV is [JEE 2008]

3
  1
  1
  1
 
(A) sin1   (B) sin1   (C) sin1   (D) sin1  
4 8 4 3

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39. An optical component and an object S placed along its optic axis are given in Column – I. The distance between the
object and the component can be varied. The properties of images are given in Column – II. Match all the
properties of images from Column – II with the appropriate components given in Column – I.

[JEE - 2008]
Column – I Column – II

A. P. Real image

B. Q. Virtual image

C. R. Magnified image

D. S. Image at infinity

40. A ball is dropped from a height of 20 m above the surface of water in a lake. The refreactive index of water is
4/3. A fish inside the lake, in the line of fall of the ball, is looking at the ball. At an instant, when the ball is 12.8 m
above the water surface, the fish sees the speed of ball as [JEE 2009]
(A) 9 m/s (B) 12 m/s (C) 16 m/s (D) 21.33 m/s

41. The focal length of a thin biconvex lens is 20 cm. When an object is moved from a distance of 25 cm in front of
m25
it to 50 cm, the magnification of its image changes from m25 to m50 . The ratio m is [JEE - 2010]
50

42. A ray OP of monochromatic light is incident on the face AB of prism ABCD near vertex B
O
B at an incident angle of 60o (see figure). If the refractive index of the material of the 60o
prism is 3 , which of the following is (are) correct ? [JEE - 2010] P C
135o
(A) The ray gets totally internally reflected at face CD
(B) The ray comes out through face AD
(C) The angle between the incident ray and the emergent ray is 90o 90o 75o
A D
(D) The angle between the incident ray and the emergent ray is 120o

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43. A biconvex lens of focal length 15 cm is in front of a plane mirror. The distance between the lens and the mirror
is 10 cm. A small object is kept at a distance of 30 cm from the lens. The final image is
(A) virtual and at a distance of 16 cm from the mirror [JEE - 2010]
(B) real and at a distance of 16 cm from the mirror
(C) virtual and at a distance of 20 cm from the mirror
(D) real and at a distance of 20 cm from the mirror
44. Image of a object approaching a convex mirror of radius of curvature 20 m along its optical axis is observed to
25 50
move from m to m in 30 seconds. What is the speed of the object in km per hour ?
3 7
[JEE - 2010]
45. A large glass slab    5 / 3 of thickness 8 cm is placed over a point source of light on a plane surface. It is seen
that light emerges out of the top surface of the slab from a circular area of radius R cm. What is the value of R ?
[JEE - 2010]
46. Two transparent media of refractive indices 1 and  3 have a solid lens shapped transparent matertal of refrac-
tive index  2 between them as shown in figures in Column II. A ray traversing these media is also shown in the
figure. In Column I different relationships between 1, 2 and 3 are given. Match them to the ray diagrams
shown in Column II. [JEE - 2010]
Column – I Column – II

A. 1   2 P. 3 2 1

B. 1   2 Q. 3 2 1

C. 2  3 R. 3 1

D. 2  3 S. 3 1
2

T. 3 1

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47. A light ray travelling in glass medium is incident on glass-air interface at an angle of incidence  . The reflected (R)
and transmitted (T) intensities, both as function of  , are plotted. The correct sketch is
[JEE - 2011]

100% 100%
T
T
Intensity

Intensity
(A) (B)
R R

0  90 o 0  90 o

100% 100%
T T
Intensity

Intensity
(C) (D)
R R

0  90 o 0  90 o
48. A bi-convex lens is formed with two thin plano-convex as shown in the n = 1.5 n = 1.2
figure. Refractive index n of the first lens is 1.5 and that of the second
lens is 1.2. Both the curved surfaces are of the same radius of curvature
R = 14 cm. For this bi-convex lens, for an object distance of 40 cm, the
image distance will be [JEE - 2012]
(A) –280.0 cm (B) 40.0 cm
(C) 21.5 cm (D) 13.3 cm
R=14 cm
49. A bi-convex lens is formed with two thin plano-convex lenses as shown in the
figure. Refractive index n of the first lens is 1.5 and that of the second lens is 1.2.
Both the curved surface are of the same radius of curvature R = 14 cm. For
this bi-convex lens, for an object distance of 40 cm, the image distance will be :
(A) –280.0 cm (B) 40.0 cm [JEE - 2012]
(C) 21.5 cm (D) 13.3 cm
1 
50. A ray of light travelling in the direction i  3 j is incident on a plane mirror. After reflection, it travels along

2
1 
the direction i  3 j . The angle of incidence is :
  [JEE ADV.-2013]
2
(A) 30º (B) 60º (C) 45º (D) 75º
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51. A point source S is placed at the bottom of a transpar-

ent block of height 10 mm and refractive index 2.72. It
is immersed in a lower refractive index liquid as shown
in the figure. It is found that the light emerging from the
block to the liquid forms a circular bright spot of diam-
eter 11.54 mm on the top of the block. The refractive
index of the liquid is : [JEE ADV.-2014]
(A) 1.21 (B) 1.30
(C) 1.36 (D) 1.42

Most materials have the refractive index, n > 1. So, when a light ray from air enters a naturally occurring

material, then by Snell’s law, sin 1  n2 , is understood that the refracted ray bends towards the normal.
sin 2 n1
But it never emerges on the same side of the normal as the incident ray. According to electromagnetism, the
  c
refractive index of the medium is given by the relation, n       r r , where c is the speed of electro-
 
magnetic waves in vacuum,  its speed in the medium, r and r are positive, lmplying positive n for the
medium. When both r and r are negative, one must choose the negative root of n. Such negative refrac-
tive index materials can now be artificially prepared and are called meta-materials. They exhibit signifi-
cantly different optical behavior, without violating any physical laws. Since n is negative, it results in a
change in the direction of propagation of the refracted light. However, similar to normal materials, the
frequency of light remains unchanged upon refraction even in meta-meterials.
[JEE - 2012]
52. Choose the correct statement.
(A) The speed of light in the meta-material is   c | n |
c
(B) The speed of light in the meta-material is   n
(C) The speed of light in the meta-material is   c.
(D) The wavelength of the light in the meta-material (m ) is given by m  air n , where air is the wavelength of
the light in air.

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53. For light incident from air on a meta-material, the appropriate ray diagram is

1 1 1 1

Meta-material
(A) Meta-material (B) Meta-material 2 (C) (D) Meta-material
2 2 2

54. Consider a concave mirror and a convex lens (refractive index =

1.5) of focal length 10 cm each, separated by a distance of 50 cm in
air (refractive index = 1) as shown in the figure. An object is placed
at a distance of 15 cm from the mirror. Its erect image formed by
this combination has magnification M1 . What the set up is kept in a
mdium of refreactive indx 7/6, the magnification becomes M 2 . The

M2
magnitude M is [JEE Adv. 2015]
1

55. A monochromatic beam of light is incident at 60º on one face of an equilateral

prism of refractive index n and emerges from the opposite face making an
angle   n  with the normal (see the figure). For n  3 the value of  is 60º
and d   m . The value of m is [JEE Adv. 2015]
dn
56. A transparent slab of thickness d has a refractive index n  z  that
increases with z. Here z is the vertical distance inside the slab, measured
from the top. The slab is placed between two media with uniform
refractive indices n1 and n2   n1  , as shown in the figure. A ray of
light is incident with angle i from medium 1 and emerges in medium
2 with refraction angle  f with a lateral displacement l.
[JEE Adv. 2016]
Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?
(A) n1 sin i  n2 sin  f (B) n1 sin i   n2  n1  sin  f

(C) l is independent of n2 (D) l is dependent on n  z 

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ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE-I
1. 120º anticlockwise and 240º clockwise 2. 30º clockwise 3. 60º 4. 40º
5. (a) 1 ; (b) (4, 0) ; (c) No

6. Position of image = (1 cos 60º, – 1 sin 60º) Velocity of image = 1 cos 60º î , + 1 sin 60º ĵ m/s
7. infinitely large. 8. 61.25 cm 9. 1.95 m 10. 10.35 cm
11. approx 0.1cm inside the ball bearing 5×10–3cm. 12. 16 cm
13. 84 cm, 0.05 m 14. 0.2 m from the mirror
15. (i) Real object, Virtual image, (ii) smaller, larger

16. Virtual object, Real image 17. larger, smaller

18. real, 2f, infinity : real,2f , f

19. (a) 40 cm/s opposite to the velocity object., (b) 20 cm/s opposite along the velocity of object.
20. 2/3 × 10–8 sec 21. 9.9 mm 22. 25 cm
68
23. 35 cm , Shift = 5 cm. 24. cm 25. 2.25 cm, 1.78
3

R (R  h) h 2 8
26. (i)  (ii)  27. 28. a > sin-1 29. 90º
2  1 9

30. 37º, This deviation is not minimum. 31. q = 60°

3
32. 38° = m = 2 sin1 (3/4)  60º 33. (i) 1.5°, (ii) 8

34. 240 cm away from the separating surface

35. (a) 2, (b) not possible, it will focus close to the centre if the refractive index is large

36. 80 cm 37. 50 cm 38. (i) No shift is observed (ii) 1 cm

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39. 75 cm, 150 cm 40. ± 24 cm, ± 120 cm 41. 360 cm;  ; – 600 cm
µ3 R µ1R
42. (a) 2µ  µ  µ , (b) 2µ  µ  µ 43. 20 cm, 1 m, –4, 24 cm 44. 0.3 m
2 1 3 2 1 3

45. 1 m 46. 28/75 = 0.37 cm 47. 15 cm

48. 60 cm from the lens further away from the mirror

49. 30 cm from the lens further away from the mirror

50. 1.67 cm from the lens 51. At the object itself, of the same size

52. 30.33 cm from the lens

53. 1.0 cm if the light is incident from the side of concave lens and 2.5 mm if it is incident from the side of the
convex lens.

54. 10 D , Optical power of each lens = 5 D.

55. 10 cm for convex lens and 60 cm for concave lens 56.  6.7 D

57. (a) 15 cm from the lens on the axis, (b) 1.14 cm towards the lens

2(µv  µr ) 2(µy  1)
58. (a) 0.2° (b) 0.72° 59. 7.2° 60. (a) µ   µ  , (b) µ   1
v r y

EXERCISE-II
1. (D) 2. (D) 3. (B) 4. (C) 5. (D) 6. (B) 7. (C) 8. (B)
9. (C) 10. (C) 11. (A) 12. (C) 13. (C) 14. (C) 15. (D) 16. (A)
17. (C) 18. (C) 19. (D) 20. (A) 21. (D) 22. (A) 23. (D) 24. (A)
25. (B) 26. (C) 27. (A) 28. (D) 29. (A) 30. (A) 31. (B) 32. (D)
33. (C) 34. (A) 35. (A) 36. (D) 37. (B) 38. (B) 39. (C) 40. (D)
41. (B) 42. (C) 43. (D) 44. (A) 45. (D)

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EXERCISE-III
1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (B) 4. (D) 5. (A) 6. (B) 7. (A) 8. (D)
9. (D) 10. (B) 11. (C) 12. (C) 13. (B) 14. (C) 15. (A) 16. (A)
17. (D) 18. (A, B, C) 19. (A, B, C) 20. (B, D) 21. (A, C)
22. (A, B) 23. (A, B) 24. (B) 25. (C) 26. (B) 27. (D)
28. (A-P, Q, R, S), (B-P, S) (C-Q, S) (D-P, Q, R, S) 29. (A-P), (B-P), (C-S), (D-P)

EXERCISE-IV
1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (D) 4. (A) 5. (B) 6. (B) 7. (C) 8. (A)
9. (B) 10. (B) 11. (C) 12. (D) 13. (A) 14. (A) 15. (B) 16. (A)
17. (D) 18. (C) 19. (C) 20. (B)
21. (C) 22. (A) 23. (A)

 3R
24. (i) (B) ; (ii) (D) 25. f  26. (B) 27. (C) 28. (A)
( 3  1 )

dv dm
29. OE  6.06m 30.  0.09m/s;  – 0.3 sec 1 31. (A) i  60º , (B) 60º 32. (C)
dt dt

33. (B) 34. (B) 35. (C) 36. (C) 37. (A) 38. (B)
39. (A – P, Q, R, S) ; (B – Q) ; (C – P, Q, R, S) ; (D – P, Q, R, S)
40. (C) 41. (6) 42. (a, b, c) 43. (B) 44. (3) 45. (6)
46. (A - P, R); (B - Q, S, T); (C - P, R, T); (D - Q, S)
47. (C) 48. (B) 49. (B) 50. (C) 51. (A) 52. (B) 53. (C)
54. (7) 55. (2) 56. (A)(C)(D)

2nd Floor, Ashoka Tower, Near Kendriya Vidyalaya Road, Near Deoki Commercial Complex, SAI Complex, Near
Lalita Hotel, East Boring Canal Sump House, Hanuman Nagar Near Kankarbagh Thana, Ramratan Hospital,
56 Road, Patna-800 001. Kankarbagh, Patna-20. Kankarbagh, Patna. Bazar Samiti, Patna.
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