DATABASE MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM
 Database

A database is a collection of data

organized in a manner that allows
access, retrieval, and use of that
data. Data is a collection of
unprocessed items, which can
include text, numbers, images,
audio, and video. Information is
processed data; that is, it is
organized, meaningful, and useful.
Database Management System

 A DBMS is an item of complex

software, which constructs and
maintains a database in a
controlled way. It allows us to use
the computer to create a database
to which we can change, add and
delete data in the database. It also
allows us to sort and retrieve data
and create forms, queries and
reports using the data in the
database.
Examples of DBMS
 Advantages of DBMS

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Disadvantages of DBMS
Key Components of DBMS
Database Management System
Hierarchy of Data
Components of DBMS defined

 Character - a bit is the smallest unit of data the computer can process.
 Field - a combination of one or more related characters and is the
smallest unit of data a user accesses. A field name uniquely identifies
each field. When searching for data in a database, you often specify the
field name (id number)
 Records - are groups of related fields; it is a collection of data items. A
record contains information about a given person, place, event or thing.
Components of DBMS defined

Data type
Specifies the kind of data a field can contain and how the field is used. Common data
types include:
 Text (also called alphanumeric) —  Memo — lengthy text entries
letters, numbers, or special characters
 Yes/No (also called Boolean) — only the
 Numeric (also called number) — values Yes or No (or True or False)
numbers only
 Hyperlink — E-mail address or Web
 AutoNumber — unique number address that links to a Web page on the
automatically assigned by the DBMS to Internet or document on a local network
each added record
 Object (also called BLOB for binary large
 Currency — dollar and cent amounts or object) — photo, audio, video, or a
numbers containing decimal values document created in other programs,
 Date (also called date/time) — month, such as word processing or spreadsheet,
day, year, and sometimes time stored as a bitmap in the database
Features Common to most DBMS

Data Dictionary/Repository
 Contains data about each field and
table in the database (data about data
is called metadata)
 Should only be updated by skilled
personnel
 Is used to perform validation checks
 Allows users to specify a default field
value
Features Common to most DBMS

File retrieval and Maintenance

 Involves adding new records,
updating existing records and
deleting unwanted records
 It also provides the interface
between the user and the data
Features Common to most DBMS

Forms
 A window used to enter and change
data
 When well-designed validates data as
entered, thus reducing data entry errors
Features Common to most DBMS

Report Generator/Writer
 Allows users to design a report on the
screen
 o Normally used only to retrieve data
Features Common to most DBMS

Query Language
 Allows users to specify data to be
displayed, printed or stored
 Consists of simple English-like statements
 Each has its own grammar and
vocabulary
 Usually quickly learned by a non-
programmer
Features Common to most DBMS

Backup and Recovery

 A DBMS provides a variety of techniques
to restore a damaged or destroyed
database to usable form.
 A Backup or copy of the entire
database should be made on a regular
basis
 Some DBMSs maintain a log of activities
Features Common to most DBMS

Data Security
 A DBMS provides means to ensure that
only authorized users access users at
permitted times
 Most DBMSs allow different levels of
access privileges
Questions

 Review Questions
 What Functions are common to most Database Management Systems?
 What is meant by the following terms Character, Field, Record, and File?
 What Are the Responsibilities of Database Analysts and Administrators?
 True/False Mark T for True and F for False.
 Data is a collection of unprocessed items, which can include text, numbers,
images, audio, and video.
 A database management system allows users to create forms and reports from
the data in the database.
 A relationship is a link within the data in a database.
Questions

 Multiple Choice
 All of the following are strengths of the database approach, except _____.
 less complexity
 improved data integrity
 easier access
 reduced development time
Questions

 Multiple Choice
 All of the following are strengths of the database approach, except _____.
 less complexity
 improved data integrity
 easier access
 reduced development time
Questions

 Multiple Choice
 All of the following are strengths of the database approach, except _____.
 less complexity
 improved data integrity
 easier access
 reduced development time