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MATH-2204 - Tutorial 2

Applied Mathematics Tutorial vector calculus

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mne-005-22
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28 views

MATH-2204 - Tutorial 2

Applied Mathematics Tutorial vector calculus

Uploaded by

mne-005-22
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MALAWI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

MALAWI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

APPLIED STUDIES DEPARTMENT

MATH – 2204: APPLIED MATHEMATICS


Tutorial 2: Vector Calculus, First order Differential Equations and Solutions of a
Homogeneous Linear Differential Equations

Question 1
(a) Let F(x, y, z) = (x2 y, z 3 , xy). Calculate the following
i. The gradient of the scalar field ϕ(x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 .
ii. The divergence of F.
iii. The curl of F.
(b) Find the gradient of the following scalar fields:
i. f (x, y, z) = x2 y + yz 3 .
ii. g(r, θ) = r2 sin(θ).
(c) Compute the divergence of the following vector fields:
i. F(x, y, z) = x2 i + y 2 j + z 2 k.
ii. G(r, θ, z) = rir + z 2 k.
(d) Compute the curl of the following vector fields:
i. F(x, y, z) = yi − xj + z 2 k
ii. H(x, y, z) = xzi + yzj + z 2 k.
(e) Find the directional derivative of f (x, y) = xy 2 +x3 y at the point (1, 2) in the direction
of v = (1, 1).
(f) In which direction does the function f (x, y) = xy 2 + x3 y increase the fastest from the
point (1, 2)? In which direction does it decrease the fastest?
(g) The temperature T of a solid is given by the function T (x, y, z) = e−x + e−2y + e4z ,
where x, y, z are space coordinates relative to the center of the solid. In which direction
from the point (1, 1, 1) will the temperature decrease the fastest?

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Question 2
(a) Solve the first-order differential equation:
dy
i. dx + 2y = 4
dy
ii. dx = y sin(x)
iii. (2xy + sin(y))dx + (x2 + cos(y))dy = 0
dy
iv. dx = y 2 sin(x) given that y(0) = 1
(b) A population of bacteria increases at a rate proportional to the current population.
If the population doubles in 3 hours, and the initial population was 1000, find the
population at any time t.

Question 3
(a) Solve the following homogeneous linear differential equation:
i. y ′′ + 4y = 0
ii. y ′′ + 4y ′ + 4y = 0
iii. y ′′ + 5y ′ + 6y = 0
(b) Solve the following Initial Value Problems:
i. y ′′ − 3y ′ + 2y = 0, y(0) = 1, y ′ (0) = 0
ii. y ′′ + y = 0, y(0) = 2, y ′ (0) = 3
iii. y ′′ + 4y = 0, y(π) = 1, y ′ (π) = 0
2
(c) A mass-spring system without damping is governed by m ddt2x + kx = 0. Solve this
differential equation for x(t), where m = 2kg and k = 8N/m, with initial conditions
x(0) = 1 and dx
dt
(0) = 0
(d) A simple electrical circuit consists of an inductor, resistor, and capacitor in series, and
its behavior is described by the homogeneous differential equation:

d2 q dq q
L 2
+R + =0
dt dt C
Given that L = 1H, R = 2Ω and C = 0.5F , find the charge q(t) in the circuit.
(e) The temperature T (t) of an object in an environment with temperature Tenv follows
Newton’s law of cooling, modeled by the homogeneous differential equation:
dT
= −k(T − Tenv
dt
Find the general solution for T (t), and determine the temperature of the object after
30 minutes if the initial temperature is 80◦ C, the environment temperature is 25◦ C,
and k = 0.1min−1 .

”AS FAR AS THE LAWS OF MATHEMATICS REFER TO REALITY,


THEY ARE NOT CERTAIN, AND AS FAR AS THEY ARE CERTAIN,
THEY DO NOT REFER TO REALITY” - Albert Einstein

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