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Contents

Preface ix

1 Functions 1

1.1 Functions and Their Graphs 1

1.2 Combining Functions; Shifting and Scaling Graphs

14

1.3 Trigonometric Functions 21

1.4 Graphing with Software 29

1.5 Exponential Functions 33

1.6 Inverse Functions and Logarithms 38

Also available: A.1 Real Numbers and the Real Line,

A.3 Lines and Circles

2 Limits and Continuity 51

2.1 Rates of Change and Tangent Lines to Curves 51

2.2 Limit of a Function and Limit Laws 58

2.3 The Precise Definition of a Limit 69

2.4 One-Sided Limits 78

2.5 Continuity 85

2.6 Limits Involving Infinity; Asymptotes of Graphs 97

Questions to Guide Your Review 110

Practice Exercises 111

Additional and Advanced Exercises 113

Also available: A.5 Proofs of Limit Theorems

3 Derivatives 116

3.1 Tangent Lines and the Derivative at a Point 116

3.2 The Derivative as a Function 120

3.3 Differentiation Rules 129

3.4 The Derivative as a Rate of Change 139

3.5 Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions 148

3.6 The Chain Rule 154

3.7 Implicit Differentiation 162

3.8 Derivatives of Inverse Functions and Logarithms
167

3.9 Inverse Trigonometric Functions 177

3.10 Related Rates 184

3.11 Linearization and Differentials 192

Questions to Guide Your Review 203

Practice Exercises 204

Additional and Advanced Exercises 208

Contents

A01_HASS5540_15_SE_FM.indd 3 03/11/2018 05:24

iv Contents

4 Applications of Derivatives 212

4.1 Extreme Values of Functions on Closed Intervals

212

4.2 The Mean Value Theorem 220

4.3 Monotonic Functions and the First Derivative Test

228
4.4 Concavity and Curve Sketching 233

4.5 Indeterminate Forms and L’Hôpital’s Rule 246

4.6 Applied Optimization 255

4.7 Newton’s Method 266

4.8 Antiderivatives 271

Questions to Guide Your Review 281

Practice Exercises 282

Additional and Advanced Exercises 286

5 Integrals 290

5.1 Area and Estimating with Finite Sums 290

5.2 Sigma Notation and Limits of Finite Sums 300

5.3 The Definite Integral 307

5.4 The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus 320

5.5 Indefinite Integrals and the Substitution Method

332

5.6 Definite Integral Substitutions and the Area

Between Curves 339
Questions to Guide Your Review 349

Practice Exercises 350

Additional and Advanced Exercises 353

6 Applications of Definite Integrals 356

6.1 Volumes Using Cross-Sections 356

6.2 Volumes Using Cylindrical Shells 367

6.3 Arc Length 375

6.4 Areas of Surfaces of Revolution 381

6.5 Work 386

6.6 Moments and Centers of Mass 392

Questions to Guide Your Review 401

Practice Exercises 402

Additional and Advanced Exercises 403

7 Integrals and Transcendental Functions 405

7.1 The Logarithm Defined as an Integral 405

7.2 Exponential Change and Separable Differential
Equations 415

7.3 Hyperbolic Functions 425

Questions to Guide Your Review 433

Practice Exercises 433

Additional and Advanced Exercises 434

Also available: B.1 Relative Rates of Growth

8 Techniques of Integration 436

8.1 Integration by Parts 437

8.2 Trigonometric Integrals 445

8.3 Trigonometric Substitutions 451

8.4 Integration of Rational Functions by Partial

Fractions 456

8.5 Integral Tables and Computer Algebra Systems

463

8.6 Numerical Integration 469

8.7 Improper Integrals 478

Questions to Guide Your Review 489

Practice Exercises 490

Additional and Advanced Exercises 492

Also available: B.2 Probability

9 Infinite Sequences and Series 495

9.1 Sequences 495

9.2 Infinite Series 508

9.3 The Integral Test 518

9.4 Comparison Tests 524

9.5 Absolute Convergence; The Ratio and Root Tests

529

9.6 Alternating Series and Conditional Convergence

536

9.7 Power Series 543

9.8 Taylor and Maclaurin Series 554

9.9 Convergence of Taylor Series 559

9.10 Applications of Taylor Series 565

Questions to Guide Your Review 574

Practice Exercises 575

Additional and Advanced Exercises 577

Also available: A.6 Commonly Occurring Limits

10 Parametric Equations and Polar Coordinates 580

10.1 Parametrizations of Plane Curves 580

10.2 Calculus with Parametric Curves 588

10.3 Polar Coordinates 598

10.4 Graphing Polar Coordinate Equations 602

10.5 Areas and Lengths in Polar Coordinates 606

Questions to Guide Your Review 611

Practice Exercises 611

Additional and Advanced Exercises 613

Also available: A.4 Conic Sections, B.3 Conics in Polar

Coordinates

A01_HASS5540_15_SE_FM.indd 5 03/11/2018 05:24

vi Contents

11 Vectors and the Geometry of Space 614

11.1 Three-Dimensional Coordinate Systems 614

11.2 Vectors 619

11.3 The Dot Product 628

11.4 The Cross Product 636

11.5 Lines and Planes in Space 642

11.6 Cylinders and Quadric Surfaces 651

Questions to Guide Your Review 657

Practice Exercises 657

Additional and Advanced Exercises 659

Also available: A.9 The Distributive Law for Vector

Cross Products

12 Vector-Valued Functions and Motion in Space 662

12.1 Curves in Space and Their Tangents 662

12.2 Integrals of Vector Functions; Projectile Motion

671
12.3 Arc Length in Space 678

12.4 Curvature and Normal Vectors of a Curve 682

12.5 Tangential and Normal Components of

Acceleration 687

12.6 Velocity and Acceleration in Polar Coordinates

690

Questions to Guide Your Review 694

Practice Exercises 694

Additional and Advanced Exercises 696

13 Partial Derivatives 697

13.1 Functions of Several Variables 697

13.2 Limits and Continuity in Higher Dimensions 705

13.3 Partial Derivatives 714

13.4 The Chain Rule 726

13.5 Directional Derivatives and Gradient Vectors 736

13.6 Tangent Planes and Differentials 744

13.7 Extreme Values and Saddle Points 754

13.8 Lagrange Multipliers 763

Questions to Guide Your Review 773

Practice Exercises 773

Additional and Advanced Exercises 777

Also available: A.10 The Mixed Derivative Theorem and

the Increment Theorem,

B.4 Taylor’s Formula for Two Variables, B.5 Partial

Derivatives with Constrained Variables

A01_HASS5540_15_SE_FM.indd 6 03/11/2018 05:24

Contents vii

14 Multiple Integrals 779

14.1 Double and Iterated Integrals over Rectangles

779

14.2 Double Integrals over General Regions 784

14.3 Area by Double Integration 793

14.4 Double Integrals in Polar Form 796

14.5 Triple Integrals in Rectangular Coordinates 803

14.6 Applications 813

14.7 Triple Integrals in Cylindrical and Spherical

Coordinates 820

14.8 Substitutions in Multiple Integrals 832

Questions to Guide Your Review 841

Practice Exercises 842

Additional and Advanced Exercises 844

15 Integrals and Vector Fields 847

15.1 Line Integrals of Scalar Functions 847

15.2 Vector Fields and Line Integrals: Work,

Circulation, and Flux 854

15.3 Path Independence, Conservative Fields, and

Potential Functions 867

15.4 Green’s Theorem in the Plane 878

15.5 Surfaces and Area 890

15.6 Surface Integrals 900

15.7 Stokes’ Theorem 910

15.8 The Divergence Theorem and a Unified Theory
923

Questions to Guide Your Review 934

Practice Exercises 934

Additional and Advanced Exercises 937

16 First-Order Differential Equations 16-1 (Online at

bit.ly/2pzYlEq)

16.1 Solutions, Slope Fields, and Euler’s Method 16-1

16.2 First-Order Linear Equations 16-9

16.3 Applications 16-15

16.4 Graphical Solutions of Autonomous Equations

16-21

16.5 Systems of Equations and Phase Planes 16-28

Questions to Guide Your Review 16-34

Practice Exercises 16-34

Additional and Advanced Exercises 16-36

17 Second-Order Differential Equations 17-1 (Online
at bit.ly/2IHCJyE)

17.1 Second-Order Linear Equations 17-1

17.2 Nonhomogeneous Linear Equations 17-7

17.3 Applications 17-15

17.4 Euler Equations 17-22

17.5 Power-Series Solutions 17-24

A01_HASS5540_15_SE_FM.indd 7 03/11/2018 05:24

viii Contents

Appendix A AP-1

A.1 Real Numbers and the Real Line AP-1

A.2 Mathematical Induction AP-6

A.3 Lines and Circles AP-9

A.4 Conic Sections AP-16

A.5 Proofs of Limit Theorems AP-23

A.6 Commonly Occurring Limits AP-26

A.7 Theory of the Real Numbers AP-27

A.8 Complex Numbers AP-30

A.9 The Distributive Law for Vector Cross Products AP-

38

A.10 The Mixed Derivative Theorem and the Increment

Theorem AP-39

Appendix B B-1 (Online at bit.ly/2IDDl8w)

B.1 Relative Rates of Growth B-1

B.2 Probability B-6

B.3 Conics in Polar Coordinates B-19

B.4 Taylor’s Formula for Two Variables B-25

B.5 Partial Derivatives with Constrained Variables B-

29

Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises AN-1

Applications Index AI-1

Subject Index I-1

Credits C-1
A Brief Table of Integrals T-1

Chapter 1

• Shortened 1.4 to focus on issues arising in use of

mathematical software, and potential pitfalls.
Removed peripheral

material on regression, along with associated

exercises.

• Clarified explanation of definition of exponential

function

in 1.5.

• Replaced sin-1

notation for the inverse sine function with

arcsin as default notation in 1.6, and similarly for other

trig

functions.

Chapter 2
• Added definition of average speed in 2.1.

• Updated definition of limits to allow for arbitrary

domains.

The definition of limits is now consistent with the

definition in multivariable domains later in the text and
with more

general mathematical usage.

• Reworded limit and continuity definitions to remove

implication symbols and improve comprehension.

• Replaced Example 1 in 2.4, reordered, and added

new Example 2 to clarify one-sided limits.

• Added new Example 7 in 2.4 to illustrate limits of

ratios of

trig functions.

• Rewrote Example 11 in 2.5 to solve the equation by

finding

a zero, consistent with the previous discussion.

Chapter 3
• Clarified relation of slope and rate of change.

• Added new Figure 3.9 using the square root function

to illustrate vertical tangent lines.

• Added figure of x sin (1/x) in 3.2 to illustrate how

oscillation can lead to non-existence of a derivative of
a continuous function.

• Revised product rule to make order of factors

consistent

throughout text, including later dot product and cross

product formulas.

• Expanded Example 7 in 3.8 to clarify the

computation of the

derivative of xx

• Updated and improved related rates problem

strategies in

3.10, and correspondingly revised Examples 2–6.

Chapters 4 & 5
• Added summary to 4.1.

• Added new Example 3 with new Figure 4.27, and

Example

12 with new Figure 4.35, to give basic and advanced

examples of concavity.

• Updated and improved strategies for solving applied

optimization problems in 4.6.

• Improved discussion in 5.4 and added new Figure

5.18 to

illustrate the Mean Value Theorem.

Chapters 6 & 7

• Clarified cylindrical shell method.

• Converted Example 4 in 6.5 to metric units.

• Added introductory discussion of mass distribution

along a

line, with figure, in 6.6.

• Clarified discussion of separable differential

equations in
7.2.

Chapter 8

• Updated Integration by Parts discussion in 8.2 to

emphasize

u(x)v′(x) dx form rather than u dv. Rewrote Examples 1–

3

accordingly.

• Removed discussion of tabular integration, along

with associated exercises.

• Updated discussion in 8.4 on how to find constants

in the

method of partial fractions, and clarified the

corresponding

calculations in Example 1.

Chapter 9

• Clarified the different meanings of sequence and

series.
• Added new Figure 9.9 to illustrate sum of a series as
area of

a histogram.

• Added to 9.3 a discussion on the importance of

bounding

errors in approximations.

• Added new Figure 9.13 illustrating how to use

integrals to

bound remainder terms of partial sums.

• Rewrote Theorem 10 in 9.4 to bring out similarity to

the integral comparison test

• Added new Figure 9.16 to illustrate the differing

behaviors

of the harmonic and alternating harmonic series.

• Renamed the nth-Term Test the “nth-Term Test for

Divergence” to emphasize that it says nothing about
convergence.
• Added new Figure 9.19 to illustrate polynomials
converging

to ln(1 + x), which illustrates convergence on the half-

open

interval (-1, 1].

• Used red dots and intervals to indicate intervals and

points

where divergence occurs and blue to indicate

convergence

throughout Chapter 9.

• Added new Figure 9.21 to show the six different

possibilities for an interval of convergence.

• Changed the name of 9.10 to “Applications of Taylor

Series.”

Chapter 10

• Added new Example 1 and Figure 10.2 in 10.1 to give

a

straightforward first Example of a parametrized curve.

• Updated area formulas for polar coordinates to
include conditions for positive r and non-overlapping
u.

• Added new Example 3 and Figure 10.37 in 10.4 to

illustrate

intersections of polar curves.

• Moved Section 10.6 (“Conics in Polar Coordinates”),

which

our data showed is seldom used, to online Appendix B

(bit.ly/2IDDl8w).

Chapters 11 & 12

• Added new Figure 11.13b to show the effect of

scaling a

vector.

• Added new Example 7 and Figure 11.26 in 11.3 to

illustrate

projection of a vector.
• Added discussion on general quadric surfaces in
11.6, with

new Example 4 and new Figure 11.48 illustrating the

description of an ellipsoid not centered at the origin
via completing the square.

• Added sidebars on how to pronounce Greek letters

such as

kappa and tau.

Chapter 13

• Elaborated on discussion of open and closed regions

in 13.1.

• Added a Composition Rule to Theorem 1 and

expanded Example 1 in 13.2.

• Expanded Example 8 in 13.3.

• Clarified Example 6 in 13.7.

• Standardized notation for evaluating partial

derivatives, gradients, and directional derivatives at a
point, throughout the
chapter.

• Renamed “branch diagrams” as “dependency

diagrams” to

clarify that they capture dependence of variables.

Chapter 14

• Added new Figure 14.21b to illustrate setting up

limits of a

double integral.

• In 14.5, added new Example 1, modified Examples 2

and

3, and added new Figures 14.31, 14.32, and 14.33 to

give

basic examples of setting up limits of integration for a

triple

integral.

Chapter 15
• Added new Figure 15.4 to illustrate a line integral of a
function, new Figure 15.17 to illustrate a gradient field,
and new

Figure 15.18 to illustrate a line integral of a vector

field.

• Clarified notation for line integrals in 15.2.

• Added discussion of the sign of potential energy in

15.3.

• Rewrote solution of Example 3 in 15.4 to clarify its

connection to Green’s Theorem.

• Updated discussion of surface orientation in 15.6,

along

with Figure 15.52.

Appendices

• Rewrote Appendix A.8 on complex numbers.

• Added online Appendix B (bit.ly/2IDDl8w) containing

additional topics. These topics are supported fully in

MyLab Math.
Continuing Features

Rigor The level of rigor is consistent with that of earlier

editions. We continue to distinguish between formal
and informal discussions and to point out their
differences. We

think starting with a more intuitive, less formal

approach helps students understand a new

or difficult concept so they can then appreciate its full

mathematical precision and outcomes. We pay
attention to defining ideas carefully and to proving
theorems appropriate for calculus students, while
mentioning deeper or subtler issues they would study
in a

more advanced course. Our organization and

distinctions between informal and formal

discussions give the instructor a degree of flexibility in

the amount and depth of coverage

of the various topics. For example, although we do not

prove the Intermediate Value Theorem or the Extreme
Value Theorem for continuous functions on a closed
finite interval,

we do state these theorems precisely, illustrate their

meanings in numerous examples, and

use them to prove other important results.

Furthermore, for those instructors who desire

greater depth of coverage, in Appendix A.7 we discuss

the reliance of these theorems on

the completeness of the real numbers.

Writing Exercises Writing exercises placed throughout

the text ask students to explore

and explain a variety of calculus concepts and

applications. In addition, the end of each

chapter includes a list of questions that invite

students to review and summarize what they

have learned. Many of these exercises make good

writing assignments.

End-Of-Chapter Reviews In addition to problems

appearing after each section, each
chapter culminates with review questions, practice
exercises covering the entire chapter,

and a series of Additional and Advanced Exercises

with more challenging or synthesizing

problems.

Writing And Applications This text continues to be

easy to read, conversational, and

mathematically rich. Each new topic is motivated by

clear, easy-to-understand examples

and is then reinforced by its application to real-world

problems of immediate interest to

students. A hallmark of this text is the application of

calculus to science and engineering.

These applied problems have been updated,

improved, and extended continually over the

last several editions.

Technology In a course using this text, technology can

be incorporated according to
the taste of the instructor. Each section contains
exercises requiring the use of technology;

these are marked with a T if suitable for calculator or

computer use, or they are labeled

Computer Explorations if a computer algebra system

(CAS, such as Maple or Mathematica) is required.

Find the Full Original Textbook (PDF) in the link

below:

CLICK HERE