7 @ Unit Il _ Nebwos i Layer : 3 f Switebing: Pitket aastiching loternet Pasta. Py, -\P as ee ena "ok ,PRP RORP - DHCP a . j BI Rekioaak ye » Netudos-k Louyer 4% the. cthisid Acryenr, gy the poodle] rt harsdles the service scequestsdior, 5 Pronspost Layer ond gusthen owed the. how. stequest tp the. clatoa Lok Acyer ). the os! Rayer dorans hates the. Aer! wad POaseg Pryzical achelres3es ‘ Te clatennoanes the souk diorn the Scouse the dutnation seer elk0 ‘reonages the trattic : hams auc Od ene: pHOUEN oy sand LONto ly he: pn stole. gy the. etwos lc Aewse x oS - fom ae host. AB the _——— See i “1 Main’ tasi< 4 the nelwor i Louges ha sackets dior the. Bounce hostibe the Hon host . Metcoork Leyer Benvices 910 | 4, grouting f dest a and Oe Seviteg Regt Encopsutate wsloec AD ROE fe Layer packet wot On C2 enh, Poa! the. pauyloc.ch sthe. Nebooy b the. oe 1) reltec, pocketing, inloaded fram AER ecring nets Tto.grer Approach ! Lonnectionless Service When the: networ i Aayer provicla eu z BR ess Bervice., each Packets Aroveling eat ol Prercet 2 an indepen cleat entity, these) 420 selationsbip betwee packet bebor gine, to pean capa The Susitthes An this Aype Of metucosk aoa cod SeoUkens - ; Arpacket pe le dollowed by won, pore ket 00099, gon fhe: Borne O44 dorm clifgount Bounce . @ @ WW Pockely 8 ‘LOPE I] — gx ¥ Out of oder ® borne ctionless, (detagiam) Racoi vey oue & GA Packet switched meteor & ; iy cone Hersleds packet Switched Nedeooy | Each packet a swute di hesed on the ammcition Contain eck te It header: Source ard ncctiors crcldlnesses’. 4 } ; The. mouter Ln this Lose Sorts the BisccaeioN only on the wclestinakion .coldlres¢. > m dn this cure Noutes the packet based on therwlatination oddlmess . Tre. Zousce. ovlebsery ed. to Send an re Sade irom Wares&)- LL ® Vistual —Ctrexit cappaoach ¢ a ‘Oouentedch “Senwices - at a, ve , Th do en BHVICS , eerecelvoy MUO hI Peay All Pouskety ‘ie e. B AB dato, belprginey chp 0. MRAAYE < ee r 3 4A oo medrage £0) be, sent MACACA] Connecti. s Should be. 2etup ste whine the. | path \or the’ CloLagroms . dome cHon. Bextup the Helatagrons con all dollous Ae Borne path | “tp this type, not a rrust he Prsckot- eontenin She. Source! york, cles Polobrcsse, he oust se onto n a Anbe ’ . ae packets 3 Vintual Cizcst a Het Label sd thes. Receet an this bse, the ie acl cacisi on ds Ted on Hye! Value N Cae 2, Ane wie ost bey | cee re Ln one etion ted sewiew, ca thee ae Pel, be “s Setup O08 9 ges S tv dato traasdes + Teandevon phase. Tin setup phase, the. Sousice anol . Lovoldlsresses 9 the. “Bendlen ond 0 oie teseck Hay wre Waterers Senvie:@ steasiclousrs phase) the Bourcr. anc. welestinatis, , the siouted Fb dalite, the, Losses pocali 0 mont ane ten oe Eds Scar ieteminct, Moat QP) a vo 2 on Bet! Sf isles, gor, peouttin rel BRIO pocksls o lata, Soe thect they Lan oro Pot be ees oy he gy ag ened 4 pocedyy PAilled. nackels . te each ae outers tr 2erol poise co col ,. Intent proto | ree ble. or peick etging , Os ae yo Qf 0 Pcked cur the a PMy ie a ee Vest. 2 nis f od, esto ere sar x Aes Oe ee Brentey 7 ldectiicotion HIP IP Packet ut babes - “wing, He Biansnsisston all the. Ae maanh ton Baroe. identification umber £ . ident 4 osuigina| IP pee leat they belong a so As prog ure ok by the. natu Ie v Hag [pusounces, iP Packet 18 too Lange me Pees . 1 pelle f they <0? be cert P |ppeee Jee 4 - ™ low not: / rxagroert offset - This offset tells Abe eocack Positery a tre Ragrert in the osuginal IP Packet v sieve to Live _% avoid ‘loopin un Be netuas t every pacteat 13 Bet Loith Somme JOM Vole cet, conich Hells the netuworle low Ar Proutera, is Veutue is volecseretted ywouoss . Ad each bopy tts gaclect LOR by one. vouod WOber the. Vaslite aaches 20, the_ packet AB cliscourcleck , ey Wo Protocol — Tells the netwos Is Layer vat Lhe wobich protove! this packet belongs platination Post, po eb prcotocel . Eq: Protocol Punches do, je the rece Hv 4 TeP as nel upp & 1 checksum — This 17 Heacler Petd sx used to keep thetksum value > entine heacles Lobich 43 then arsed to checl< 4 “the. pect? ga soceived HHH fue. ~ Kousten Adelxess - 3? pit welalxess the Senclor &| fre Pocket, ¥ Daitcation Aatcess ~ 5% pit | the packet: wv Options - THs +8 optional eld, wobich Le aed Ae the) Vaud St tee Ae pnclen then 5. erclolowed & the s2ce've,“Ye —Senven © Heart Adeloersine Mode : : ae er ‘ Thie mocle. 18 a roloc A the pruxboudition ie the packet Bent 4 neithes luttined ty 0 host 0% pi te bas on the Doyreat Trthrs 2 than one denver . Every netoorle ras P IPaddouss HServed or the network. number rf susents the netroovk And one. [Paddrexy don the broadcast cioldaess, Lobich scapresend boils Lr thet networl | Pry Aes AivwWchiial Meldaeshing Scheme An which 43 32. bith in hength 44 solevected ivityane noes leas oers toe — elas \ i Valls. Bf biti 42 do termined by a: nevis eof (Position » ), that 44 ze. Value Bf oo bit sit on B43 Q1(b-1) thak 48 I 6 that js 39 ptal Value 91 the octet 14 determined b f “aap the. pos’ Hora! Value of biG. The value, 4 Jog 48 A464, =192 . Sore, examples vase sho, the table below - Vi, -Addness Classes : ae : ABEL protocs aera contcutn § hers 4 JP aclelsussea ty be ABed Afidenty Aituakions £8 pes the Paguasarment | rretwork. Byroodly ,Y Wu, Aoldeessy in juiced ‘inte dive classes 2 IP sad vcessag classes 292 derstified by the divet Adéloiess. 8) i Tia drat octet, sured hoe ab the Lf me Durcbered wa follows depicting lottecl on A iPaddwayy| @ r ‘ Aln IP aclelsess vobich loetorgs te class B hag the fist two bits ‘w the gisst octet det 40 10 ie {oooo0ceo — toliiti | \2e -— (91 vC.lass B IP Addowssex peange fom 128-0.x- 7 C {91-255-x-x - We eles owt subnet roagls dow lata R ~ 956-255. X-X. lass B has 16384 (2%) Netiwos Ic acliclsesseg and §553y (26 2) Host woldnesseg | Khas, Bo IP coldlses.s format 44) ONIN. NNN, PR He Ae > class oc Addoess The Jira octet = class c IPcoelelesess bos ib dint 3 biti set Ee" Mo that 48: Noooode — lait Lene. - 223 Class ¢ IPaddwuesses mange. diom ({2-0-0-x to Qaeros6: 265 -x~ The. lgeesllt Aubnet road lc for class CO th Q55. A65-255-X Class oC. wives 2097152 C2” (28-2) Host adclsuisseg . ') Netw0% Ie wddresses winch 254 loss CIP cdelseesy qforrnat’ Ag? VON NIIV NINN NNN EHa [Clos s ° D Addnes ss ’ Noy fies fous Lit of the, dist Octet Un chass > 1P odelrusses ce, get FD 1110, Hiv, , | Keg een Se \\\o0000 Ib ORY 22 ee 284 Class D pas 1P cdlol 034 wie hos QAY-0:0-0 to. 234 -Q55- Tose ASG. Llass 1 AR paservedt Har rout cast og. Dp realticatt,.. plate. Aa not destined dos AR pad eal host thet 1 oby there, 1s mo'needl © Derace host waddsiess fore the ns am Ralic KD clees Not have. oom ACs met. Nohaaie: > Class E E Addness Tis 1P chess sa rusenie ps 8 pestinnente) Purposes orsty dow Btuclys IP ddcleesses Un th, « Peas nargen, 408 QYO.0:0-6 to BEG © Asc .20, Like, Class. DJ this dass ADo 4k net! erred udith age. Wes le 8 oh 4 Babnetiog IS Each IPclass & “equipped abs eon ault dubnet, reas tc eBliehs ‘boun of “that || p lass to have pei bad ane sp etude ic arek prifiseed umber % Rosle per metiooy Ic. Clas shal IP erclelressing cloes not proviele fers feebiby” 44 having, hess nur ber Y Bests | pen Retwotk om moc, metioositg per IP Chass . | io iawinwiw-eduengineerin: |le vlasskss totes Poroain Routin paovicles he. ty ete seieg bits 9 Host past o the | And using them 8 Pelwosk tr vetwoos le | Bubnet- By using Subnetling » one. Single A IP rdldluess carbe. tured th have Smaller 08K LObich Provicla. bette, neteoosk manage — » copabibties ; “When a bigges network 43 clividd 15b8 networks, to neaintauln Bec ty. the that own 2&8 Subnetting ”. Pe Te wlivide a netwosl: s5te Avo pasts y Vpad tp choose. one bit gor each, Zubnet dr NIDENTS'12-B : ties = Idee Ole G Range = 19g. 2719000000 [agen 2 TTY | | | Phese. ase, hwo abet s. ake ee nee su, Aybits >) yer) Subnetling fox we netvoos k should, be clong | oc ae At scloes rot cede ct the neteoor ke the grat is octets esta, netwos kb gineering.net ign193: 200000000 tO (YS -1°2- ONT Gepe ct Kos the. fizst! bit wohich 48 Chosen R16 doy Subnet lol pert. Thus the range & Subnet 1+ 193-1. 220 te 193-162-127 -. Subnet d g Subnet! £& 2193-12-06 Dinact Brod eaat toh v8 2199-1-2-127 Total rurber of host 2126 Cout yng 2 id's ose Lrecl fos Aubret iol Darect’ bt coe io ) Subnet mask, + 255,255 2056-)2.$ sto Aubnet 2: The: fisat biteehosen dion the, host Wh Paxt is one. and thelHange voll be. fiom 193-]-2- looo0000 No (930 2-H: Beg : the pane | Aubneb a7) 199-162 -1D@OMES 193-1°2-255 : : Subwetid 5193-1. 2-128 DHE broad east 1D 1193-6 2-265 Ste umber ghost 2126 i and) Subnet reask 2265 +255+255-199 Sr OD tsing the Subnetting the Hotel Dumber of usarble host vane. Hecluite df Dsicom 854 to 252) digas \ TW udivicla network inte dour (a2) pants ‘you neck £8, checse Hoo hilt fiom the [host lol peat or each Subnet ie 06,01, 10,1) oR ADO s Downloadegiaman vi -eduengineering, neyetwas k: ante eight (23) party You choose the biti fiom the. host oh part h Subret i€ 000, Col, Olo, oil 3100» I01, 110, : bel number Y Labret in x nNetewoy L xwaser the total number f Aumable hot wlerrscee RA Akh iS IP Aclolaess = fee Oper ews TO {/} Consicls, we have Conbig Bingle. netwos !¢ a IP odldlxe ss 2007455 We. toant to clo Aubnething ancl clivicle thi, Senos ke inte Subneh . Che De Riven sattwostke belongs do lass ¢.. Weed Te EO) Te : ee Host 'D NID aublt We cede ee dy seprussre thévy wp, wwe. Seagate abit .- cic toe bi dione the Host ID past pee 1D (obi) gineering.netiB ot pee gece then it WSE wey 1% set bite ML ol then 't Qk Bu © JR bosetovoe ck bits. = lo, then whe olf Least ck Beal a ei TP crclelsess 4 ong Aubnet 0x2 . oy Doar oo a = 29 - 200-1- 2- 10000060, fon Ist Zubnet: HP Adttreas = 200 +126 oa , tal |Pacelsess = ace : 6B, \ we “etal nurah er of bes € = Op aZ abe . oes \P addsess = 2oo-1-Q- b0000060 bo QOoO- 1+ 2- OOF} ~ Ie Be GP BEE 1.2 fs heck broccheea-€ aollner3 = 200.1 b Limi tech becocelcast aclolaess 256)ve Book, Aubnet UP coldlress 200-1-2-6Y tol \Poddress = 2°. by otal ae host = 64-2262 @ = 200: 1-2 01000000 t 9001. 2-O) ITI) te; Deen (a2. bGcto, 200 lap! 7 Darect broodcart addiuss = 200-129-127 « Dah Limitack lbxoadkeast exdolsoss 2 255-255: 256 Be “Excl Zubnet + WPaclclness - Q00-1-2-12. & Ss Total iPaclelress = 26-64 -+ Total noza host = by- 2h » Range = 2oo- |-2- 0068050 t doo - 1-2 1011111) ‘ 12 eo. 1-2 re to Qo0-1-2-19) Direct brwoadeas® adele = 00-12-19] Me ek bealuedcost acdldrey: = 955-255-255 255 & oP es = Qoob U192 | Dba IPaddsess = Qhe by | Total no: ef ost = by-2=60 } Range = 200-1 2-11000000 6. doo. 1-2-1ININ1I fe Roo. 122-122 to $00+1.2:2 55 an ¢ t baoccleast aclelress = 200-9255 : Q ted, hweolcast Oolohaes 1 = 255.a5¢ ET ee |2) packet ab soropose d BO wmandatoay _dolloue 4 by Abe. payloaet . (he. loack Koraish 2{ two pa Optiona | wm feelers cnc data ion on sipper layer. Pe. ans headers Occupier lo bytes, coheswag headers tnd clata fsom the uppey to 65, 835 bytes & bpfow noatiory ’ ein wp Prtonity af #Pe PO the Dibel aa a. Shyte Cubed field duseck fos Lonwio!| the. dow & slate eae ie byte. Paylooct Lang th dh ith ef ers IP dlocto. gra.re ee uschng VAAN$ PV, Xegfony [Pie Ho at “Fig: tuxnneding ndin ianslotion : : BL a wseal when Some. 2| the. Aryate rove fe the IPVy orrck the. Sender wart dip +26 IPvy the. 9aceives, cloes pot aurcelurustears ah LPV6 - Pe. ead, Remeat Shouldtbe totally aged through header teangiectton - Aa Realy O . 4 @ IPVS Packet 48 Lonvertedeto ar IPUy heades IPv,, Host Headas, Trans lati on ion procedure She IPve meapped. xielclness Ho Lar, |PVL, ts BY Scbiacting, the. puightrrost Sebi Exod the Volue 2 IPVE Pouosety fietd the type. % Bevis, field Jo (Py to lhe Ferd lat; the. checksum fos IPVy ancl Ingest In _ Lossesporrding dietel. e the Pye flow Aahe | vert the Compatible een sion heaclors fo As and insert them dnithe 1PVu heactes te the length of: IPVy hecralos omel rinses x : =a die the. total Jen ag the, [PY SR ROAM RRR pn cet 4. |Qe teeing Static. mMappin meant Keoating tabb proctates ou Angel sddows, 20ith © physica This table. 23 stowed to €ach moachine orn sic. Each meachine, that knows fd00 carpe dsiess A Lerothey pmoachine, but not th ciclcls essa Con fool 't spin the table . TTBis bag forme Linsitations betause phdsiea/ eae fhange, so the. aclolabay © Etheanet Mae adolnesses coe 6 bytes Lora: vag , Be Protocol Aelolsess length: ‘hengts in nee “6 0. i [Legiea| vdldiess Lee ae 1Pvy oe | Lose UY bytes Long: i Opercdigns Specifies the. wee of the PRE dow |. PRP. suquist 2 and Q ARP Hoply_ a Aelebieed: locttnass 94 the The. e348 Wi adridhginieer i Hex.’a Be prctocol vodlclovess . Te. protocol pololoesg, A, aclelness >) 4 Lhe. clerice. Sending the esicey, wget Hanclusesa, Acolves4. ae MPC aclcleess eb MF ersdeck Sree cea fit fia, Heyr0 20k “iy quest aut Prstoco| Acldaess.. “The pructo col aoldlees Base) a the \rstenclock es Ly capdulation t : o L Rh r An ARP Packet is ereapauteted elec a { Pi 0 who 0 lata, Llok rarne - Fos exoreple, £O at i OD 1p ARP packet 44 encapautat eck eae er ne: The. ty pe dield airciitate® oa XO weosuuied by the fproeheamarer BF 7 Loew) § ‘i Bere vue Sever steps Anvelved 10 on BRD |Paddess gj the tunget - i % a | a Hh loaded fom wwisgeauengineering.netaN + The. Gerdes, 23 ccbost Peeve wantt to Senol nN to anothes host on anothen netwosk. Tr se the host Looks vat tt outing tulele -arl & IP recline ss p1 the next hop Crouter) ov A stindtion. <4 jt aloes NOt Kave a *OueInN, eit Avoks dos the. \P ccldrecs 2 sthe, clefae The. IP adlelress gi the. Prodlen becomes “the. pddaess that rust be. reapped 70 0. Phgsicoe | ARESS . § fhe Render 12 Stoutes thot Rag seceded Aatagrars chesti neck don o. hast 0 acthen nett = Checks its Aoutiog kable anc dipel.” the: tPadduay Brext soutea Tre IPaddhress Ep the neck outers secomes the. Logical add ne se Phat rust be. reappeck ko a physical closers oe mse, ; Ibe Aer ba B Prodden strat hes secetued vo dlatecqsare cat ahest ie Sarme netusogk 2 dustination NPiaddness a the eladagemn meer wacllness that moust heme pred D - phiical wcicldlre sf. 1 f RP (Reverse Acldness Ragpistion ‘etocal Th 43 A protocol by wobich er physica | sne in & Local L320 nettoork earn segues 1 ith [Puccclels ess 09 O. outs, Lom Benverl Resolucioa Posto co! terry. ble. oF cache. A pekaosic Wain istsatoy cuales a no Local crea natwos a Aateecay he Bay ical roach (MAC c L 28, \to Conmesrelyy