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SQL (Window Function)

sql functions

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5 views

SQL (Window Function)

sql functions

Uploaded by

zingregurunath9
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BRAINALYST - SQL SERIES

Window Function- Advance:


SQL window functions are analytical operations on a group of rows known as a
“window” or “frame” within the result set. They enable the execution of calculations
and aggregations on a per-row basis while taking the window’s context into account.
A thorough explanation of numerous window functions is provided below, along
with a sample code: but lets first understand what is difference between aggregation
function and window function.
In SQL, sets of rows in a table can be calculated using both aggregate functions and
window functions. The methods they use to organise and interpret the data vary,
though.
Aggregate functions:
• Calculation scope: Aggregate functions operate on a set of rows and return a
single value for the entire set.
• Grouping: They are typically used with the GROUP BY clause to partition the
data into groups and calculate a result for each group.
• Result granularity: Aggregate functions collapse multiple rows into a single
result. For example, SUM, AVG, COUNT, MAX, and MIN are aggregate functions.
• Usage: They are used to obtain summary statistics or perform calculations such
as calculating the total sales per category, average salary per department, or
counting the number of orders per customer.
SYNTAX:
SELECT department, AVG(salary) AS average_salary
FROM employees
GROUP BY department;

Window functions:
• Calculation scope: Window functions perform calculations on a “window” or a
subset of rows within a result set.
• Ordering: They are typically used with the ORDER BY clause to define the
window’s ordering within the result set.
• Result granularity: Window functions retain the individual rows in the result set
but can calculate values based on the window’s defined scope.
• Usage: They are used to compute values that are related to the current row
but involve other rows in the result set. Examples of window functions include
RANK, ROW_NUMBER, LAG, LEAD, and SUM with the OVER clause.

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How window function works:
OVER clause, which specifies the window’s borders and ordering, is frequently
combined with window functions in programming.
SYNTAX:
function_name([arguments]) OVER (
[PARTITION BY partition_expression]
[ORDER BY order_expression [ASC|DESC]]
[ROWS/RANGE frame_clause]

• Function_name: Window function name you can use, such as ROW_NUMBER,


SUM, AVG, etc.
• rguments: Its optional arguments that the window function accept. For
example, SUM(column_name) would calculate the sum of the specified column.
• PARTITION BY: Optional clause that divides the rows into partitions or groups
based on one or more expressions. The window function is applied separately
to each partition.
• ORDER BY: Optional clause that specifies the order in which the rows with-
in each partition should be processed by the window function. It can use one
or more columns and can be sorted in ascending (ASC) or descending (DESC)
order.
• ROWS/RANGE frame_clause: Optional clause that defines the window frame
or the subset of rows within each partition over which the window function
perates.

1. ROW_NUMBER(): Each row in a window is given a distinct sequential


number using the ROW NUMBER() function.

Example:
SELECT ROW_NUMBER()OVER(ORDER BY PRICE DESC) as row_
no, Price
FROM aemf2

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OUTPUT:

2. RANK():

• Gives each row in a window a rank, leaving gaps for tied values.
Example:
SELECT RANK()OVER(ORDER BY PRICE DESC) as row_no,
Price
FROM aemf2;

3. DENSE_RANK():

• Gives each row in a window a rank, leaving no gaps for tied values.
Example:
SELECT DENSE_RANK()OVER(ORDER BY PRICE DESC) as row_no,
Price FROM ;

4. NTILE():
• Divides a window’s rows into a predetermined number of groups or
“tiles.”
Example:
SELECT NTILE()OVER(ORDER BY PRICE DESC) as row_no,
Price FROM ;

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5. LAG():
• Accesses a previous row’s value within a window.
Example:
SELECT PRICE,LAG(PRICE)OVER(ORDER BY DAY DESC) as row_
no, Price
FROM aemf2 ;

OUTPUT:

6. LEAD():
• Accesses the value of a subsequent row within a window.
Example:
SELECT PRICE,LEAD(PRICE)OVER(ORDER BY DAY DESC) as row_
no, Price
FROM aemf2 ;

OUTPUT:

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7. FIRST_Value():
• Access previous row value within window.
Example:

SELECT FIRST_VALUE(PRICE)OVER(ORDER BY DAY DESC) as


FIRST_V, Price
FROM aemf2 ;

OUTPUT:

SELECT Sales, PERCENT_RANK() OVER (ORDER BY Sales) AS


PercentileRank
FROM SalesData;

2021-2024 Pg. No.56

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