MIL FOURTH QUARTER LESSON 2

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MELC:
▪ Describe the different dimensions of text media and information
▪ Analyze how the different dimensions are formally and informally produced, organized, and
disseminated.

TEXT MEDIA AND INFORMATION

Text refers to a written or printed form of communication that conveys information, ideas, or messages. It
consists of words, sentences, and paragraphs structured coherently and sequentially. Text can be found in
various mediums such as books, articles, websites, emails, text messages, and other written forms. It serves
as a primary means of sharing knowledge, expressing thoughts, and facilitating communication between
individuals. Text can be analyzed, interpreted, and understood through reading and comprehension, allowing
for the exchange of information and the transmission of ideas across time and space. Text is available in
different sources whether it is formal or informal.
Formal Text-based Materials
Formal text-based materials refer to written content that follows a specific structure, style, and language
conventions typically associated with formal settings. These materials are characterized by their adherence
to grammar rules, use of professional language, and a clear and concise writing style. Examples of formal
text-based materials include:
a. Academic Papers: Research papers, scholarly articles, and dissertations written for academic
purposes follow formal writing conventions. They typically include a clear thesis statement, logical
organization, evidence-based arguments, and proper citations.
b. Business Correspondence: Formal letters, memos, reports, and business proposals are examples of
formal text-based materials used in professional settings. They require a professional tone, precise
language, and adherence to specific formatting guidelines.
c. Legal Documents: Legal contracts, agreements, statutes, and court judgments are formal text-based
materials used in the legal field. They require precise language, proper terminology, and strict
adherence to legal frameworks.
d. Government Publications: Official government documents, such as laws, regulations, policy
statements, and reports, are formal text-based materials. They are written in a clear and authoritative
style, providing information and guidelines for citizens and organizations.
e. Instruction Manuals: Instruction manuals and user guides for products or services are formal text-
based materials. They provide step-by-step instructions, safety guidelines, and technical information
in a clear and precise manner.
f. Academic Textbooks: Textbooks used in educational institutions follow a formal writing style. They
present subject matter in a structured and organized manner, providing comprehensive information
for students in a specific academic discipline.
These formal text-based materials serve specific purposes and often require adherence to specific writing
conventions. They aim to convey information accurately, professionally, and objectively, catering to specific
audiences and contexts.

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Informal Text-based Materials

Informal text-based materials refer to written content that adopts a casual, conversational, and less
structured style of communication. These materials are characterized by their relaxed language, colloquial
expressions, and a more personal tone. Examples of informal text-based materials include:
a. Personal Messages: Text messages, instant messaging, and social media posts are common forms of
informal text-based communication. They often involve abbreviations, emojis, and informal language
to convey personal thoughts, updates, or conversations with friends and family.
b. Blogs and Personal Websites: Personal blogs and websites often feature informal text-based
materials. They allow individuals to express their opinions, share personal experiences, and engage
with readers in a more casual and conversational tone.
c. Social Media Updates: Posts on platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat are
informal text-based materials. Users share updates about their daily lives, thoughts, and opinions,
and engage in conversations with their followers using informal language and emojis.
d. Online Forums and Chat Rooms: Online forums and chat rooms provide platforms for informal
discussions and interactions among users with shared interests. Participants engage in informal text-
based conversations, often using slang, informal language, and expressions specific to the community.
e. Personal Emails: Emails exchanged between friends, family members, or close colleagues often adopt
an informal tone. They may contain personal anecdotes, informal greetings, and a conversational
style.

Font File Extension

Font files typically have different file extensions depending on the format and type of font. Here are some
common font file extensions:
1. TrueType Font (.ttf): TrueType Font is a widely used font file format that contains font data for
rendering text. It is compatible with both Windows and Mac operating systems and supports various
font styles and character sets.
2. OpenType Font (.otf): OpenType Font is an extension of TrueType Font that offers additional features
and capabilities. It supports a larger character set, and advanced typographic features, and can
contain both PostScript and TrueType outlines.
3. PostScript Type 1 Font (.pfb and .pfm): PostScript Type 1 Font is a font file format used primarily in
the PostScript printing industry. It consists of separate files for font outlines (.pfb) and font metrics
(.pfm).
4. Web Open Font Format (.woff and .woff2): Web Open Font Format is specifically designed for use on
the web. It provides compact font files that can be easily downloaded and rendered by web browsers.
.woff and .woff2 are the two versions of this format.
5. Scalable Vector Graphics Font (.svg): Scalable Vector Graphics Font is a font format based on SVG
(Scalable Vector Graphics) technology. It allows fonts to be displayed as vector graphics, which
ensures high-quality rendering at any size.
6. Embedded OpenType Font (.eot): Embedded OpenType Font is a font file format primarily used for
embedding fonts in web pages. It was developed by Microsoft and is compatible with Internet
Explorer.

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7. Bitmap Font (.fon): Bitmap Font is a font format that represents each character as a bitmap image. It
is primarily used for older systems and specialized applications that require precise control over
character rendering.
8. Adobe Type 1 Font (.pfa and .afm): Adobe Type 1 Font is a widely used font format developed by
Adobe. It consists of separate files for font outlines (.pfa) and font metrics (.afm).

These different font file extensions represent various font formats, each with its purpose, features, and
compatibility. The choice of font file format depends on the intended use, platform, and requirements of the
project.
f. : Informal text-based materials are also found in forms of entertainment such as online articles,
listicles, and humorous content. They aim to entertain readers with engaging, light-hearted, and
relatable content.
These informal text-based materials prioritize a more relaxed and personal style of communication. They
allow individuals to express themselves freely, connect with others on a more informal level, and engage in
casual conversations. The language and tone used in these materials are often less structured and more
reflective of everyday speech and informal writing styles.
Consumer and Producer of Text Media and Information
In our exposure to text media and information, we can either be consumers or producers of content. As
consumers, these are the questions that you need to ask about the content of text media and information:
✓ Who or what institution is sending this message?
✓ What techniques are used to attract and hold attention?
✓ What is the language used by the writer?
✓ What views are represented? Are they balanced?
✓ How might the message be interpreted in different ways?
✓ What is omitted, slurred, or added in the message?

As a producer of text media and information, the media and information design framework must be
considered: the target audience, author or sender, key content, purpose, form/style, and format.

Text as Visual
Text can be visual in the sense that it is presented in a visually appealing or expressive manner, taking into
consideration typography, design, layout, and other visual elements.

File Formats
Text can be stored and transmitted in various file formats, each serving different purposes and compatible
with different software applications. Here are some common file formats used for text:
1. Plain Text (.txt): Plain text is the simplest file format for text, containing unformatted text without any
styling or formatting elements. It is a universal format that can be opened and read by any text editor.
2. Rich Text Format (.rtf): Rich Text Format is a file format that supports text formatting, such as font
styles, sizes, colors, and basic formatting like bold, italic, underline and alignment. It can be opened
and edited by most word-processing software.

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3. Microsoft Word (.doc/.docx): Microsoft Word is a widely used word processing program that saves
text documents in the .doc or .docx file format. It supports advanced formatting options, including
images, tables, headers, footers, and other document elements.
4. Portable Document Format (.pdf): PDF is a file format used for documents that need to be viewed
and printed as they were originally formatted, regardless of the software or platform. It preserves the
visual integrity of the text and is commonly used for sharing documents that should look the same
on different devices.
5. Hypertext Markup Language (.html): HTML is the standard markup language used for creating web
pages. While primarily used for structuring and formatting web content, HTML files can also contain
plain text.
6. Markdown (.md): Markdown is a lightweight markup language used for formatting plain text
documents. It is often used in documentation, readme files, and online platforms like GitHub.
Markdown files can be easily converted to HTML or other formats.

7. CSV (Comma-Separated Values) (.csv): CSV is a plain text format used for tabular data storage. It uses
commas to separate values in each row, making it suitable for data exchange between different
software applications, such as spreadsheets and databases.
These are just a few examples of file formats commonly used for text. The choice of file format depends on
the intended purpose, compatibility with software applications, and the need for specific formatting or
features.

Typefaces
Typefaces, often referred to as fonts, are collections of designed characters that share a consistent visual
style. They are used to represent written language in various forms of media. Here are some common
categories of typefaces:
1. Serif: Serif typefaces have small decorative strokes, known as serifs, at the ends of the main strokes
of the characters. They are often associated with a traditional, formal, and elegant style.
Examples: Times New Roman, Georgia, Garamond, Baskerville
Use: They are commonly used in print publications such as books, newspapers, and academic
journals. They can convey a sense of elegance, professionalism, and authority.
2. Sans-serif: Sans-serif typefaces do not have decorative serifs. They have a clean and modern
appearance and are commonly used for digital and screen-based content.
Examples: Arial, Helvetica, Futura, Verdana, Calibri.
Use: They are widely used in digital media, websites, user interfaces, and presentations. Sans-serif
fonts are known for their readability on screens and are often favored for their simplicity and clarity.
3. Script: Script typefaces mimic handwritten or calligraphic styles. They often have to flow, cursive-like
characters with varied stroke widths and elaborate letterforms.
Examples: Brush Script, Lucida Calligraphy, Pacifico, Lobster
Use: They are commonly used in invitations, greeting cards, logos, and branding materials where a
personal and elegant touch is desired. Script fonts can convey a sense of creativity, romance, and
sophistication.
Display: Display typefaces are designed for large sizes and eye-catching headlines. Display fonts have
unique and distinctive letterforms that can add personality and visual impact to designs.

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Examples: Impact, Bodoni Poster, Cooper Black, Playbill

Use: They are often used in advertising, signage, and attention-grabbing design elements. Examples
include Impact, Bodoni Poster, and Cooper Black.
4. Monospaced: Monospaced typefaces have fixed-width characters, where each character occupies
the same amount of horizontal space. They are commonly used in coding, typewriter-like designs, or
for creating a consistent visual alignment.
Examples: Courier New, Consolas, Monaco, Inconsolata
Use: They are commonly used in code editors, terminal interfaces, and technical documents.
5. Handwriting: Handwriting typefaces imitate the appearance of handwritten text, capturing the
irregularities and quirks of individual handwriting styles. They add a personal and informal touch to
designs.
Examples include Comic Sans MS, Kristen ITC, and Bradley Hand.
Uses: Handwriting fonts can be found in invitations, greeting cards, personal blogs, and other contexts
where a handwritten aesthetic is desired.
6. Decorative: Decorative typefaces are highly stylized and often used for special purposes or creative
designs.
Examples: Comic Sans MS, Papyrus, Jokerman, Curlz MT
Use: They can be used in areas like children's books, themed events, or when a specific visual
aesthetic or tone is desired.
These are just a few examples of typeface categories, and there are countless variations and subcategories
within each. The choice of a typeface depends on factors such as the intended tone, context, legibility,
readability, and the overall design aesthetic of the project. Different typefaces can evoke different emotions,
convey different messages, and have a significant impact on the visual presentation of text-based content.

Font File Formats

Font files typically have different file extensions depending on the format and type of font. Here are some
common font file extensions:
9. TrueType Font (.ttf): TrueType Font is a widely used font file format that contains font data for
rendering text. It is compatible with both Windows and Mac operating systems and supports various
font styles and character sets.
10. OpenType Font (.otf): OpenType Font is an extension of TrueType Font that offers additional features
and capabilities. It supports a larger character set, and advanced typographic features, and can
contain both PostScript and TrueType outlines.
11. PostScript Type 1 Font (.pfb and .pfm): PostScript Type 1 Font is a font file format used primarily in
the PostScript printing industry. It consists of separate files for font outlines (.pfb) and font metrics
(.pfm).
12. Web Open Font Format (.woff and .woff2): Web Open Font Format is specifically designed for use on
the web. It provides compact font files that can be easily downloaded and rendered by web browsers.
.woff and .woff2 are the two versions of this format.

13. Scalable Vector Graphics Font (.svg): Scalable Vector Graphics Font is a font format based on SVG
(Scalable Vector Graphics) technology. It allows fonts to be displayed as vector graphics, which
ensures high-quality rendering at any size.

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14. Embedded OpenType Font (.eot): Embedded OpenType Font is a font file format primarily used for
embedding fonts in web pages. It was developed by Microsoft and is compatible with Internet
Explorer.
15. Bitmap Font (.fon): Bitmap Font is a font format that represents each character as a bitmap image. It
is primarily used for older systems and specialized applications that require precise control over
character rendering.
16. Adobe Type 1 Font (.pfa and .afm): Adobe Type 1 Font is a widely used font format developed by
Adobe. It consists of separate files for font outlines (.pfa) and font metrics (.afm).

These different font file extensions represent various font formats, each with its purpose, features, and
compatibility. The choice of font file format depends on the intended use, platform, and requirements of the
project.

Design Principles and Elements of Text

Design principles and elements play a crucial role in creating visually appealing and effective text-based
designs. Here are some key design principles and elements specific to working with text:
Design Principles:
1. Alignment: The arrangement of text elements in a visually balanced and cohesive manner, such as
left-aligned, centered, or justified text.
2. Contrast: The use of variations in size, weight, color, or style to create visual contrast and hierarchy
within the text.
3. Proximity: Grouping related text elements to establish relationships and improve readability.
4. Repetition: Consistent use of typefaces, styles, sizes, and spacing to create a cohesive and unified text
design.
5. White Space: The intentional use of empty or negative space around and within the text to enhance
readability and visual impact.
Design Elements:
1. Typefaces: The specific fonts or typefaces chosen to represent the text. Consider factors such as
legibility, readability, and appropriateness for the intended purpose and target audience.
2. Typography: The arrangement and styling of text elements, including size, weight (boldness), style
(italic or oblique), letter spacing, and line spacing.
3. Hierarchy: Creating a clear visual hierarchy within the text by using different font sizes, weights, or
colors to differentiate headings, subheadings, and body text.
4. Color: The use of color within the text, such as colored headings or highlighted keywords, to add
emphasis, draw attention, or convey meaning.
5. Alignment and Layout: The positioning and arrangement of text elements on a page or design,
including horizontal and vertical alignment, line breaks, and paragraph spacing.
6. Consistency: Maintaining consistent typographic styles, sizes, and spacing throughout the design to
create a cohesive and professional look.

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7. Readability: Ensuring that the text is legible and easily readable, considering factors like font size, line
length, line spacing, and contrast between text and background.
By applying these design principles and elements effectively, you can create visually pleasing and well-
organized text designs that effectively communicate the intended message and engage the audience.

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