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Basic Linux Commands

Linux Commands

Uploaded by

Raghavendra Kamath
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© © All Rights Reserved
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20 views

Basic Linux Commands

Linux Commands

Uploaded by

Raghavendra Kamath
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Linux Commands

by
Mr. Sasidhar
Cloudera Certified Hadoop Professional
[email protected]

Unix/Linux Commands

File Commands
ls . directory listing
ls -al . formatted listing with hidden files
cd dir - change directory to dir
cd . change to home
pwd . show current directory
mkdir dir . create a directory dir
rm file . delete file
rm -r dir . delete directory dir
rm -f file . force remove file
rm -rf dir . force remove directory dir *
cp file1 file2 . copy file1 to file2
cp -r dir1 dir2 . copy dir1 to dir2; create dir2 if it
doesn't exist
mv file1 file2 . rename or move file1 to file2
if file2 is an existing directory, moves file1 into
directory file2
ln -s file link . create symbolic link link to file
touch file . create or update file
cat > file . places standard input into file
more file . output the contents of file
head file . output the first 10 lines of file
tail file . output the last 10 lines of file
tail -f file . output the contents of file as it
grows, starting with the last 10 lines

Process Management
ps . display your currently active processes
top . display all running processes
kill pid . kill process id pid
killall proc . kill all processes named proc *
bg . lists stopped or background jobs; resume a
stopped job in the background
fg . brings the most recent job to foreground
fg n . brings job n to the foreground
File Permissions
chmod octal file . change the permissions of file
to octal, which can be found separately for user,
group, and world by adding:
 4 . read (r)
2 . write (w)
1 . execute (x)
Examples:
chmod 777 . read, write, execute for all
chmod 755 . rwx for owner, rx for group and world
For more options, see man chmod.

SSH
ssh user@host . connect to host as user
ssh -p port user@host . connect to host on port
port as user
ssh-copy-id user@host . add your key to host for
user to enable a keyed or passwordless login

Searching
grep pattern files . search for pattern in files
grep -r pattern dir . search recursively for
pattern in dir
command | grep pattern . search for pattern in the
output of command
locate file . find all instances of file

System Info
date . show the current date and time
cal . show this month's calendar
uptime . show current uptime
w . display who is online
whoami . who you are logged in as
finger user . display information about user
uname -a . show kernel information
cat /proc/cpuinfo . cpu information
cat /proc/meminfo . memory information
man command . show the manual for command
df . show disk usage
du . show directory space usage
free . show memory and swap usage
whereis app . show possible locations of app
which app . show which app will be run by default

Compression
tar cf file.tar files . create a tar named
file.tar containing files
tar xf file.tar . extract the files from file.tar
tar czf file.tar.gz files . create a tar with
Gzip compression
tar xzf file.tar.gz . extract a tar using Gzip
tar cjf file.tar.bz2 . create a tar with Bzip2
compression
tar xjf file.tar.bz2 . extract a tar using Bzip2
gzip file . compresses file and renames it to file.gz
gzip -d file.gz . decompresses file.gz back to file

Network
ping host . ping host and output results
whois domain . get whois information for domain
dig domain . get DNS information for domain
dig -x host . reverse lookup host
wget file . download file
wget -c file . continue a stopped download

Installation
Install from source:
./configure
make
make install
dpkg -i pkg.deb . install a package (Debian)
rpm -Uvh pkg.rpm . install a package (RPM)

Shortcuts
Ctrl+C . halts the current command
Ctrl+Z . stops the current command, resume with
fg in the foreground or bg in the background
Ctrl+D . log out of current session, similar to exit
Ctrl+W . erases one word in the current line
Ctrl+U . erases the whole line
Ctrl+R . type to bring up a recent command
!! - repeats the last command
exit . log out of current session

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