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Lab-3 - Sheet - Specific Gravity and Density

Chemistry Lab

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91 views6 pages

Lab-3 - Sheet - Specific Gravity and Density

Chemistry Lab

Uploaded by

kariahha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Using a hydrometer The specific gravity of a fluid is determined by using a hydrometer.

Small
hydrometers (urinometers) are used in the hospital to determine the specific gravity of urine. Another
type of hydrometer is used to measure the specific gravity of the fluid in your car battery. A hydro­
meter placed in a liquid is spun slowly to keep it from sticking to the sides of the container. The scale
on the hydrometer is read at the lowest (center) point of the meniscus of the fluid. Read the specific
gravity on Lhe hydrometer to 0.001. See Figure 1.

1.050
1.100
_,__, ,�50
,..,.....,._ Meniscus of fluid
_
1.?. 00 (1.140 on scale)

--1-- Hydrometer

Fluid

Figure 1 Measuring specific gravity using a hydrometer

Lab Information

Time: 2 hr

Comments: Tear out the report sheets and place them beside the procedures.
Round off the calculator answers to the correct number of significant figures.
Dispose of liquids properly as directed by your instructor.

Related Topics: Mass, volume, prefixes, significant figures, density, specific gravity

Experimental Procedures GOGGLES REQUIRED!

A. Density of a Solid

Materials: Metal object, string or thread, graduated cylinder

A. I Mass of the solid Obtain a solid metal object. Determine its mass and record.

A.2 Volume of the solid by displacement Obtain a graduated cylinder that is large enough to hold the
solid metal object. Add water until the cylinder is about half full. Read the water level carefully and
record. If the solid object is heavy, lower it into the water by attaching a string or thread. While the
solid object is submerged in the water, record the final water level. Calculate the volume of the
solid.

Volume of solid = Final water level � initial water level

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Density and Specific Gravity

Report Sheet

Date ____________ Name


Section ___________ Team
Instructor __________

Pre-Lab Study Questions


1. What property of oil makes it float on water?

2. Why would heating the gas in an air balloon make the balloon rise?

3. What is the difference between density and specific gravity?

A. Density of a Solid
A.I Mass of the solid

A.2 Volume of the solid by displacement


Initial water level (mL)

Final water level with solid (mL)

Volume of solid (mL)

A.3 Calculating the density of the solid g/mL


(Show calculations.)

A.4 Type of metal

Questions and Problems (Show complete setups.)


Q.1 An object made of aluminum has a mass of 8.37 g. When it was placed in a graduated cylinder
containing 20.0 mL of water, the water level rose to 23.1 mL. Calculate the density and specific
gravity of the object.

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Report Sheet

B. Density of a Liquid
B.1 Volume of liquid Liquid 1 Liquid 2

Water
Type of liquid

Volume (mL) 27.5 mL

B.2 Mass of liquid

65.8 g
Mass of beaker

Mass of beaker + liquid 94.3 g

Mass of liquid

B.3 Density of liquid


Density
( Shvw rnlculativns fur density.)

C. Specific Gravity
C.1 Specific gravity
( Calculated using B.3)

C.2 Specific gravity 0.790 g/mL 0.991 g/mL


(Hydrometer reading)

How does the calculated specific gravity compare to the hydrometer reading for each
liquid?

Questions and Problems (Show complete setups.)


Q.2 What is the mass of a solution that has a density of 0.775 g/mL and a volume of 50.0 mL?

Q.3 What is the volume of a solution that has a specific gravity of 1.2 and a mass of 185 g?

36

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