INTERNSHIP REPORT

ON

WONDOGENET WEREDA WATER SUPPLY PROJECT

BY

ALEMAYEHU AYELE DASA NSR/T/AM/14/0041

SUBMITTED TO

FACULTY OF WATER SUPPLY AND ENVIROMENTAL ENGINEERING

ARBA MINCH WATER TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE

ARBA MINCH UNIVERSITY

{FROM JULY TO OCTOBER 17, 2023}

Phone: +251926102633

Email: [email protected]

OCTOBER, 2023

ARBA MINCH, ETHIOPIA

 Company Approval Page

This is to certify that ALEMAYEHU AYELE Id No NSR/T/AM/14/0041 has

successfully completed the work that was assigned to her as a part of internship program.
I ………………………….. , on behalf of Sidama regional water, mine and energy office
recommend this work as fulfillment for the requirement of industrial training.

………………………………………………………………………………………….

(Name of company supervisor)

(Phone No and Email address of company supervisor)

(Signature and seal of the company)

I
 Advisor Approval Page

This is to certify that the internship report entitled of wondo genet Water supply project
prepared by ALEMAYEHU AYELE under my guidance based on the regular reports that
he had submitted. I recommend this report to be the faculty of Water supply and
Environmental Engineering for evaluation.

Advisor Name: ………………………. Sign ……………………. Date ……………...

II
 Examiners’ approval page

We, the undersigned examiners of this internship report entitled “wendo genet water
supply project” have evaluated and approved the corrected version of the final report as
per the guideline of Arba Minch Water Technology Institute.

1. Examiner Name………………… Sign………………. Date…………….

2. Examiner Name………………… Sign………………. Date…………….

3. Faculty IE Facilitator …………… Sign………………. Date………………

III
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost I would like to thank God for everything he had done for me
throughout my life and next my parents have been very supportive to me in every step
and condition of my life,
Thanks to them that I’m here today, so I’m always thankful to God for giving me this
precious family.
And I would like to thank Sidama region Water, Mine and Energy Bureau because it
accepted my request of internship and help me to do my task. And also I would like to
express thanks to site Engineer Dejene and office work Engineer Mr Yilef ,specially I
would like to thank my company mentor Mr. Tefahun Bayu for his excellence advice
and supervision during my work .and also I would like to thank Mr. W/Emebet my
university advisor.
Last but not least I want to thank all the people who have a role in every step of my life
including while I was practicing on site and who help me out while preparing this report.

IV
 ABSTRACT/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Shortage of water is the most impact full problem in rural areas. Especially for women
and children it results a powerful negative impact. Overcome these problems different
water supply schemes are constructed from time to time. Before this water supply project
design, the majority of community couldn’t get reliable, accessible, adequate and safe
water supply for domestic and livestock consumption and also water quality with bad
taste and turbidity in wet seasons. Those communities are affected by scarcity of water
and water borne diseases. In order to give immediate solution that is aimed at alleviation
the problem of water supply system in Wondo genet woreda is decided to construct a
water supply facilities. So, by fixing the design period on 20 years. This report covers
stay at Wondo genet woreda, Basha town water supply project and it gives detailed
information on the activities carried out on the site.

This report comprises the outcome of the study and construction of the water supply
system of Wondo genet woreda, Basha town in five chapters; each chapter describes the
content in detail manner. In the introduction part try to see the brief history of the
company (Sidama Regional Water, Mine and Energy office), back ground of the project
site, climate of the woreda and objective of the project, rational of internship and Major
activities conducting during the internship. In chapter two materials and methodologies
(procedure) are discussed. The main body of the report is technical aspect of the project
(the technical tasks which have been done in site are design , population forecasting and
water demand analysis on structure like borehole structure , collection chamber ,
reservoir construction, construction and pipe works) briefly defined in chapter three.
Chapter four are discussed the assessment of internship. Chapter five contains the
conclusion part and recommendation of the company and references to write this report
are explained. To assist the report for the discussed topics and ideas, figurative
illustrations and different pictures are included.

V
FIGURE CONTENTS ...................................................................................................... IX

LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. X

1INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1

1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ABOUT INTERNERSHIPS ............................. 1

1.2 GENERAL BACKGROUND .................................................................................. 2

1.2.1 BACKGROUNDS OF HOSTING COMPANY ............................................. 2

1.2.2 Service of the Company ................................................................................... 5

1.2.3 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT ............................................................. 7

1.3 Rationale of the internship ....................................................................................... 9

1.3.1 Importance and Requirements of the internship ............................................... 9

1.2 Major activity conducted during internship ....................................................... 10

1.3 The major activities that are conducted in my internship programs are listed
below:-.......................................................................................................................... 10

2 MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY ........................Error! Bookmark not defined.

2 MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY................................................................. 11

2.1 Material Used ......................................................................................................... 11

2.1.1 Material used in office:- ................................................................................. 11

2.1.2 Material used in site ........................................................................................ 12

3.1 WATER CONSUMPTION OF BASHA TOWN .................................................. 19

3.2 DESCRIPTIONS AND HYDRAULC DESIGN OF THE PROPOSED

SCHEMES ................................................................................................................... 21

3.2.1 General............................................................................................................ 21
VI
 3.3 DESIGN PERIOD .................................................................................................. 21

3.4 POPULATION FORECAST .............................................................................. 21

3.4.1 Population of Basha Town ............................................................................. 21

3.5 WATER DEMAND ANALYSIS .......................................................................... 23

3.5.1 Domestic Water Demand projection ............................................................ 24

In projecting the domestic water demand of Basha Town the following procedures
were followed: ......................................................................................................... 24

3.5.2 Non-Domestic Water Demand ....................................................................... 25

INSTITUTIONAL WATER, COMMERCIAL AND SMALL INDUSTRIAL DEMAND ... 26

3.5.3 Fire Fighting Demand ..................................................................................... 26

3.5.4 Non-Revenue Water ....................................................................................... 27

3.6 Distribution System ................................................................................................ 35

4 ASSESSMENT OF INTERNSHIP................................................................................ 37

4.1 Overall Internship Experience ................................................................................ 37

4.1.1 Knowledge and acquaintance gained from the internship .............................. 37

4.1.2 In terms of improving practical skill .............................................................. 37

4.1.3 In terms of upgrading the theoretical knowledge ........................................... 38

4.1.4 In terms of improving inter personal communication .................................... 38

4.1.5 In terms of improving the ability of working in teams ................................... 39

4.1.6 In Terms of Leader Ship Skill ........................................................................ 39

4.1.7 In terms of understanding about work ethics related issues ........................... 40

4.1.8 In terms of Improving My Technical Skills:- ................................................. 41

VII
 From the overall activities of the water supply projects, improve technical skill.
How to apply and perform water supply project takes a good education from the
skilled workers of the project. ................................................................................. 41

4.1.9 In terms of improving my Management Skills ............................................... 41

4.2 Challenges facing during in the internship time..................................................... 42

4.3 Measures I have been taken to overcome challenges ............................................. 42

4.4 My Contributions for the Company ....................................................................... 42

5.1 CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................... 43

5.2 Recommendations for University .......................................................................... 43

5.3 Recommendations for the hosting company .......................................................... 44

5.4 Recommendation for the proposed water supply project ....................................... 45

REFFERENCE ................................................................................................................. 46

VIII
 FIGURE CONTENTS

Figure 1-1 SIDAMA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE WATER,MINES AND

ENEGRY BUREAU ........................................................................................................... 3

Figure 2-3 STEEL USED FOR PROJECT....................................................................... 13

Figure 2-4 HDP AND DCI PIPE USED FOR PROJECT ................................................ 14

Figure 2-5 AIR VALVE ................................................................................................... 15

Figure 2-6 VALVE CHAMBER ...................................................................................... 15

Figure 3-1 BASHA TOWN PROJECT SOURCE............................................................ 28

Figure 3-2 BASHA TOWN WATER RESERVOIR ........................................................ 30

Figure 3-3 INLET PIPE OUT AND INSIDE PART .........Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 3-4 OVER FLOW PIPE .........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 3-5 WASH OUT PIPE............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 3-6 CHECK VALVE ..............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 3-7 GATE VALVE.................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 3-8 PRESSURE LINE ........................................................................................... 35

Figure 3-9 MAIN LINE PIPE ........................................................................................... 36

IX
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 3-1 SUMMARY OF WATER CONSUMPTION OF BASHA TOWN ............. 20

TABLE 3-3 SUMMARY OF PROJECTED WATER DEMAND ANALYSIS OF

BASHA TOWN ................................................................................................................ 27

TABLE 3-4 PUMP AND GENERATOR DESIGN TABLE AT BH TO NEW 500M3

SERVICE RESERVOIR ................................................................................................... 33

TABLE 3-5 PIPE DESIGN FROM BH-TO NEW 500 M3 RESERVOIR FOR BASHA
TOWN PROJECT............................................................................................................. 35

X
 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATION
AWT Arbaminch Water Technology

ADD Average Day Demand

BH Bore Hole

C/C center to center

CSA Central Statics Agency

DCI Ductile Cast Iron

DWL Dynamic Water Level

GPS Global Positioning System

HDPE High-density polyethylene

MDD Maximum Day Demand

PHD Peak hour demand

PPC Portal pozollan cement

SNNPR South Nation Nationalities

SNRSWMEB Sidama National Regional

SWL Static Water Level

UFW Unaccounted for Water

XI
1INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ABOUT INTERNERSHIPS

Internship is one of the basic criteria and plays a vital role in order to become
knowledgeable one in all aspects at the present time and for the future. It is also defined
as a practical training period to develop theoretical knowledge in any project work in
order to facilitate the selected project.

Internships are used to determine if the intern still has an interest in that field after the real-
life experience. In addition, an internship can be used to create a professional network that
can assist with letters of recommendation or lead to future employment opportunities. The
benefit of bringing an intern into full-time employment is that they are already familiar
with the company, their position, and they typically need little to no training. Internship
provides current college students the ability to participate in a field of their choice to
receive hands on learning about a particular future career.

The provision of safe and potable water both at urban and rural area is challenging issue
and needs huge investment Better water distribution allows avoiding the presence of
stagnant or waste water, where insects carrying the above mentioned diseases can be
present. It also brings no need for women or children to carry water; this allows more free
time to dedicate to better activities such as childcare, animal breading or vegetable
gardening. Water plays a major important role life existence. All living thing like human
being animal and plants use water for their survival.

1
 1.2 GENERAL BACKGROUND

Most towns of Ethiopia have a problem of adequate and potable supply of water. Wondo
genet woreda Basha town is also one of the town that has a problem in getting of
adequate water supply. To improve living standards and health condition of this rural
community preparing new water supply project proposal has been essential. To solve this
water problem in the part of the town, Sidama regional state water, mine and energy
bureau is working on a water project that can satisfy the water need.

1.2.1 BACKGROUNDS OF HOSTING COMPANY

Sidama Region is a regional state in southern Ethiopia. It was formed on June 18 2020
from the southern nation nationalities and peoples region (SNNPR). The capital city of
Sidama regional state is Hawassa city which is located geographically Latitude and
longitude 70 3’ N and 380 28’E Respectively, found in the Southern part of Ethiopia.
Hawassa city has a tropical Savanna climate though it borders on a subtropical highland
climate.

Sidama national regional state water, mine and Energy bureau is one of Governmental
Organization responsible for providing safe water supply for the Sidama region. Which is
found in Sidama regional state Hawassa city 273 km far from the capital city of Ethiopia,
Addis Ababa. It is established in 1987 E.C. This company is engaged in water supply,
irrigation, water resource, solar energy, mines and other related works. Especially in
designing, constructing and consulting the irrigation and water supply structures and
small-scale dams, canals, borehole, reservoirs and etc. Organizing the communities
especially in the rural area to enhance their productivity by introducing modern irrigation
system and constructing small scale irrigation structures also the office highly work on
rural community water supply service to protect the rural community from water borne
diseases And providing potable water supply, at standard quality

2
Figure 1-1 SIDAMA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE WATER,MINES AND ENEGRY BUREAU

Vision

To be competent, trust worthy and profitable enterprise in the area of water works in the
country. Helping the society by constructing water structures in their area and creating or
developed, healthy and productive citizens. Modernizing the living standard of the
society using irrigation and decreasing season dependent production and using Energy for
batter development.

Mission

By developing the company potential and including the social participation also for
development of the water supply, irrigation and energy structures. Developing the
management system, studying and designing different structures and maintaining present
water structures and creating smooth relation and working together with different
organization for fair and good water distribution.

 Identifying the potential wealth of the zones in terms of water mineral and energy.
 Promote the development of water resources, mineral and energy.
 Legalizing and increasing the productivity of mining in the zones.

3
 Core values of company

 Achieving the energy needs of the community.

 Accountability.
 Quality.
 Doing work with minimum expenditure.
 Realizing the rules and regulation of government.
 Participatory of work.
 Respect for the values and norms of the community

Goal of the Company

It is contributing for the overall effort of ensuring floods, livelihood sand

environmental security that realizes sustainable development and social
transformation in the Sidama Region and also overall country

Strengths
 Inventive
 Able to provide unique and challenging
designs
 Detail-oriented
 Organized and strategic
 Quickly identifies core problems and
appropriate solutions
 Proactive in project administration and
coordination
 Articulate in communicating technical
issues
 Effective at dispute mediation

4
1.2 Main objectives of the company
The main objective of this company is to identify what kinds of problems are faced on the
general water supply service of Sidama Region and Hawassa city, and solve the identified
problems of water supply and deliver sufficient amount of water to the users in the existing water
supply systems.

1.3 Specific objective

 Forming community group to control
 review and carry out the previous
the water work structures from
detail design of the water project
society and animal destruction and
 render the existing water supply and
develop their capacity to perform
sanitation problem of Sidama Region
their tasks.
 upgrade the water supply coverage
 Water resource development and
of the city
management
 Asses and solve water supply
 Conservation based agricultural
problems
development
 identify loss of water due to
 Using mine for batter development
distribution system

1.2.2 Service of the Company

 Gathering of information
 Water quality control
 Study and design works for water
supply and small scale irrigation.
 Medium and large scale water
drilling works.
 Consulting and construction
management.
 Maintenance of water work
structures.
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1.2.2.1 Main Customer or the Use of Its Products
The most users of the company are Sidama people. In terms of job opportunity and market
availability many ways use. In addition to those people the all Sidama and Ethiopian citizens
are beneficiary when the project complete and start producing different harvest

General Manager

Irrigation and Drainage Study

Water Design and Study Alternative Energy Design

Irrigation Construction and

Water Construction and Resource and Energy Contract Control
Contract Control Control

Water Conservation
Control

6
1.2.3 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

1.2.3.1 General Objectives

 The main objective of this study is to identify the main problems and give solution
regarding to the water supply shortage problem depending on the newly proposed water
supply sources.

 To determine Two boreholes water sources that are sustainable, quality and accessible
/feasible for future water supply of the Basha Town for 20 years of design period in the
frame work of the master plan of the town.

1.2.3.2 General description of the site area

1.2.3.3 Location of the project site

Basha Town is found at a distance of 26 kilometers south from Regional town Hawassa. In
broader Physiographic classification of the country the study area is set up in eastern
escarpment of the Main Ethiopian Rift Valley. The Geographic location of study area is
located at Easting: 456514 m, Northing: 775813m and Elevation: 1728m

7
Figure 1-2 LOCATION OF WONDO GENET WOREDA

1.2.3.4 Climate

According to the national atlas of Ethiopia based on the altitude climate relationship the
climate of the area can be grouped in to warm temperate climate with a mean annual
temperature of 20-25 Degree Celsius. Basha Town has a minimum mean annual temperature
of 100C & maximum temperature of 260C with mean annual temperature of 180C. Accordingly,
Basha town falls under Mean Annual Temperature between 15 & 20.

1.2.3.5 Project Goal

The goal of the project is to provide pure water and improving the wellbeing of Wondo genet
Woreda Basha Town community.

1.2.3.6 Objectives of the project

General objectives

 The main objective of this study is to identify the main problems and give
solution regarding to the water supply shortage problem depending on the newly
proposed water supply sources.

8
  To determine boreholes water sources that are sustainable, quality and accessible
/feasible for future water supply of the Basha Town for 20 years of design period in
the frame work of the master plan of the town.

1.2.3.7 Specific objectives

 To develop sustainable water supply scheme on the study area.

 To make suitable working condition of people around the project area by reducing the
average time spent to fetch water from distance exceeding 5 km.
 Improve health and sanitation hygiene condition of the community.
 To decrease the main burden of work especially on women and children’s.
 Source which can produce the required amount of water with minimum cost.
 Source enough to accommodate a pump with enough capacity to yield the required
volume of water.

1.3 Rationale of the internship

1.3.1 Importance and Requirements of the internship

Internship program is one way of learning method which students achieve to interpret their
theoretical knowledge to a practical skill. My internship program has helped me to learn, to get
practical work experience in water supply works. It improves my self-confidence and understanding.
This internship is good opportunity to gain or upgrading in theoretical skill, team work skill,
interpersonal communication skill, social skill & individual skill. Also internship allows me to
network within an office or company people as they are interested sharing their knowledge and
experience. In addition to this I have gotten the ability which makes me run with our economy. The
other and the main benefit know the work ethics, punctuality and how to tolerate all people around
the construction area. The other one is how to solve problems which may face during the
construction works. I also get the motivation to become an entrepreneur.

9
 1.2 Major activity conducted during internship
1.3 The major activities that are conducted in my internship programs are listed
below:-

1. Office work:-

Population forecasting  Invitation bid preparation

 Water demand calculation  Document review
 Project plane reading  Design project overview(BOQ)
 Payment

2 Site work:-
 Excavation of borehole(another project
 Data collection by using GPS
 Finished project visitation
 Main line Pipe Alignment(Trench excavation, welding of pipe, backfilling

10
2 MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY

2.1 Material Used

The material used classified in to two, these are material used in office and material used in site

 2.1.1 Material used in office:-

 preliminary report As reference

 Personal Computer for Excel
Calculation
 Phone camera to take Photo

 Note book to write information

 SOFTWARE USED FOR
THE PROJECT
 Microsoft word excel 2007
 Auto Cad 2007
 Water Cad 6.5 Model
 Arch GIS
 Global Mapper 2012
 GPS Test Application

11
2.1.2 Material used in site

2.1.2.1 Construction Material

As this section of the report obligates to describe the overall materials have used at the site for
construction purpose, here there are the list of the construction materials used in the site:-
I. Concrete: - Is a proportioned mixture of cement, sand, gravel, and water to make strong
structure. Filled with the ratio of 1:2:3(cement, sand and aggregate).

a) Cement: - is a product of lime and clay materials which mixed with water forms a paste and
binds the inert materials like sand, gravel and crushed stones. The proposed project uses C-
25(concrete grade) PPC cement (Dangote).

b) It should not be stock above six months in store.

c) It should not be stay above 2hrs after mixing.
d) It should be stored properly and we have to give space during stone.
e) Sand: - used for making of concrete

It should be free from silt, debris and other bad material. Its source should be near from
construction site for economy as possible.

f) Aggregate: - Is fracture of stone that used to make concrete or for building reservoir. The
project used 0.1mm and 0.2mm aggregate size.

g)Water:-used for making of concrete

is actively participates in the chemical reaction with cement. Since it helps to form the strength
giving cement paste, the quality of water is required to be looked very carefully

h)Steel:- which is inserted during reservoir construction

12
The rounded bar are preferable as compared to other because of better bonding between
concrete and steel flat bar which is smooth used to tie bar during spacing. The roughness of the
bar used to hold the concrete during fill. Then we used all different diameters of deformed bar
and those are 8, 10ϕ, 12ϕ and 16ϕ, for floor slab, pillar and for wall of the reservoir. The vertical
wall reinforcement steel bar provided cut, bend and fixed in a position of reinforcement bar
having 12 mm diameter at 15cm c/c and also for the horizontal is 10mm diameter 20cm c/c. The
wall its thickness is 30cm and the base slab was constructed from a mixed concrete and its
thickness was 25cm connected with black weir.

Figure 2-1 STEEL USED FOR PROJECT

2.1.2.2 Pipe

Pipe is a tube, frequently made of plastic or metal, that carries pressurized and treated freshwater to
customer. Pipes are used to convey water from the source to the reservoirs than distribute the
clear.

The pipe found technically suitable for the project, are:-

a) For Transmission and rising mains:

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DCI pipe, 160 mm. And length of 2686m from BH surface to new reservoir and 185m Pump
position to BH surface. DCI pipe because it resists pressure better than other type of pipe but we
use only for pressure line because of its cost.

b) For Distribution System

 DCI for pipes 160mm at Depth of 1m
 HDPE for pipes with 50 to 160mm(50mm, 63mm, 75mm, 90mm, 110mm, 160mm) at
Depth of 1m

Figure 2-2 HDP AND DCI PIPE USED FOR PROJECT

2.1.2.3 Pipe Fittings

Fittings are used in pipe systems to connect straight pipe or tubing sections, to adapt to different
sizes or shapes, and for other purposes, such as regulating or measuring fluid flow. Different types
of fitting are used for different pipe networks with varying diameters.

Fittings require money, time, materials, and tools to install, so they are a non-trivial part of piping
and plumbing systems. They are different fittings show as bellow.

Valves

Valves are equipment designed to stop or regulate flow of any fluid in its path. Various types of
valves are available depending upon the type of construction as follows:

 Gate valve – used for isolation only

14
 Check valve – used for preventing reverse flow (non-return)

Air Valves: - On the transmission mains air valves are located at all high points and wherever the
rising grade reduces or the falling grade increases. The maximum spacing between air valves is
800m. The size and rating of air valves is compatible with the system.

Figure 2-3 AIR VALVE

i. Valve Chambers: - Concrete / masonry valve chambers shall be provided for each valve
location for protection and to provide easy access

Figure 2-4 VALVE CHAMBER

ii. Washout valves: - are provided at all low points on both transmission and distribution
mains to enable mains to be drained for maintenance and repair.
iii. Coupling: is a type of fitting which is used connect pipe with pipe
15
 iv. Reducer: is a type of fitting which is used to connect reducer pipe (at reducing flow
point)
v. Union: is a type of fitting which is used to connect pipe with pipe for easy maintenance
vi. Elbow: is a type of fitting which is used to at bending point.
vii. Female adapter: - which is also used to connect DCI pipe with HDPE pipe.
viii. Gages: -for controlling pressure or which prevent the pipe from break down

Major construction equipment and its function used for this project are:-

a) Welding Machine: - this used welding of pipe. Its power source is generator(at 150KW).
It is a very simple process utilizing a properly sized but fusion machine for the pipe size
to be joined.
Generator: - It gives power to the pump when there is no electricity and also used for
welding machine.
b) Excavator: - Are used to dig the holes, pipe trench excavation, excavate borrows
materials, and to load dump trucks etc.
c) Dump truck: - Used to carry extra soil that is cut away from the work site, carries the
material from borrow pit, Carries construction materials like sand, wood, rocks etc.
d) Loader: Used to load materials to dump truck Can remove unnecessary materials
e) Concrete Mixer: Is the machine used to mix cement, sand, aggregate and water and
transport concrete from batching place to the required site.
f) Mechanical Vibrator: is used to consolidate concrete when we cast.
g) Mechanical Compacter: Is used to compact the soil and the hard core for leaving.
h) Water stops: -Water stop is an element of a concrete structure, intended to prevent the
passages of fluids (such as water) when imbedded in and running continuously through
concrete joints.

j)Panel: - is one of the construction materials which are used to shape formwork for different
concrete structures.

16
2.2 Methodology Used

To carry out the study and design of water supply project of Basha Town, the following general
approaches and specific methodologies in were applied.
o Frequent site instructor meetings were conducted so as to discuss issues of existing
water supply, sanitation and hygiene situation of the study area.
o Reconnaissance field visit of the reservoir construction has been carried out;
o I have been discussed with the design and control staff.
o I used to take pictures.

To prepare this internship report, both primary and secondary data sources were employed.
Primary data were collected using a field practice and discussion with site manger such as:-

Site visiting and field observation

I have been observing some constructed structures like, pump house, chlorination room and
guard house etc.

From the site I have been able to analyze construction buildings from the Forman’s and labor
workers.

Interview for site, office worker

I had been asked the following bodies when I was collecting data:-engineer …….…who is the
site engineer of the project and who have information about this water supply project
and…….who is the Forman of the project.

The societies that live around the project are have also given some information about the project
that they are end users in the project.

17
Group discussion

Group discussion with my friends in this internship program also the other method to do

This project:-

 We are discussed in what way we should collect data.

 Discuss how to arrange data.
 How to prepare daily activities.

In addition to various qualitative and quantitative source are of project were collected from
secondary source, like

 Detail design and drawing of the project were use.

 By reading the final report of the project.
 By analysis the daily activity.

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 3 TECHNICAL ASPECT OF INTERNSHIP

3.1 WATER CONSUMPTION OF BASHA TOWN

According to the information from the municipality, the town’s major economic activity is
agriculture that 47% of the residents depend on for their livelihood. Supplementary, small and petty
trade is the second economic activity serving for about 32% as one source of income and about 21%
are employed workers. Some agricultural activities are practiced within the boundary of town.
These are mainly crop production in the back yard and animal husbandry. Crop produced as such
include different types of fruits, vegetables and eucalypts plantations

Private business in Basha Town is largely dominated by small trading activities such as kiosks and
grain sale, bar and restaurant services have some extent of benefiting residents and new comers’
customers in to the area. According to the information of the Town’s Trade and Investment Office,
the prominent economic activity types which support the town’s population are service giving,
merchandizing, employed works, agricultural items trading, manufacturing and processing
businesses according to their order of importance.

Educational service of Basha Town comprises of one kindergarten, two primary schools, one junior
and one senior secondary school.

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 TABLE 0-1 SUMMARY OF WATER CONSUMPTION OF BASHA TOWN

Commercial services and Water consumption

Type of
Enterprises/ Number of Per capital per Water
Commercial enterprises Number of/Bed beneficiaries consumption Water consumption
services Seat/Employ (l/d) (l/d) ( m3/d)

Hotels 19 15 50 14250 14.25

Bar restaurants 12 35 10 4200 4.2

Trading 111
businesses 3 5 1665 1.665

Tej bet 10 30 5 1500 1.5

Barberry 5 15 3 225 0.225

Beauty salon 4 10 3 120 0.12

Total 21.96

Educational services and Water consumption

consu
No. of Per mption
No. Of No. Of students and capital consumption rate
Educational Services Student Teachers teachers (l/d) rate (l/d) (m3/d)
Kindergarten 347 7 354 5 1770 1.77
Full Primary School 1825 34 1,859 5 9295 9.295
Junior secondary 2430 53 2,483 5 12415 12.415
General Secondary and 1034 35 1,069 5 5345 5.345
preparatory school
Total 28.83
Public Institution and water consumption

20
3.2 DESCRIPTIONS AND HYDRAULC DESIGN OF THE

PROPOSED SCHEMES

3.2.1 General

In this section, detail description and design of the proposed schemes are presented. In design of
different water supply systems, considerations are given to make the system sustainable by
choosing an appropriate technology that will cope with local conditions. Further, emphasis is
also given to make the system cost effective both in construction, operation and maintenance.
The proposed water supply system contains.

 Water sources from Borehole  Reservoir

 Pumping and generator capacity  Distribution pipe line ( Main line

pipe)
 Rising (pressure) pipe line

3.3 DESIGN PERIOD

Design period of any structure depends on the types of structure to be constructed, useful life
time of component structure and economic life of equipment. The project of Basha town water
supply system design period is 20 year by considering the above factor and also the area of the
project of the town.

3.4 POPULATION FORECAST

3.4.1 Population of Basha Town

There are two alternative methods used to determine the current population. One is by projecting
the data from the Ethiopian Statistics Agency census report in 2007, and the other is baseline
survey from the own municipality office. Since the census data is 17 years old, it is not realistic to
use the projected figure for the design purpose.Therefore, it is recommended to adopt the
21
population figure from the base line survey. The demographic data from the base line survey is
used for government finance allocation, agricultural and health sectors, currently. Hence the
population of Basha town 32,000 in 2016 E.c but we have used 19500 populations for Basha Town
excluding some users according to topography that couldn’t preferable for design and discharge of
Existing spring and Borehole. But they have drinking water source on spot springs near their
surroundings.

the population of Basha Town as 19,500. The CSA has established growth rates at five years
interval that can be used for urban population projection of all regions in the country starting from
year 1995 up to 2030. The CSA has also produced three alternative scenarios with high, medium
and low growth rates. The efforts of implementing government policies on population regulation
(family planning) in the Sidama national regional state are anticipated to be successful to a
moderate

After the design period has been fixed, the population of the town in various periods has to be
determined. As population of the area increases in the future, the correct present and past
population data have to be taken form census office to determine design population the area by
considering growth rate of the town.

The common methods by which population forecasting is done:-

1. Arithmetic increase method

2. Geometric increase method
3. Decrease rate method
4. Method used by Ethiopian statistics(CSA) ;etc
5. exponential growth rate

In order to predict the future population, as correctly as possible it is necessary to know the factors
affecting population distribution, size and growth rate of a certain town. The major factors that

22
accounts for changes in population are births, death and migration. All these factors are influenced
by social & economic factors and conditions prevailing in the various communities among which
the important ones are: -

 Family planning practice.

 extend of education
 Development and advancement of medical facilities
 Industrialization and commercialization of a town
 Factors like war and natural disaster

Hence, the population of Basha town is expected to show a medium growth rate. Hence,

from the three variants set by CSA for towns in Sidama national regional state , the median
variant is applied for the population projection of the study town. The following exponential
growth rate was used to calculate population based on base survey data population.

Pn=po* n=number of the year r=growth rate

Where:- Pn=population at n year po=population at present

3.5 WATER DEMAND ANALYSIS

Design of water supply systems require estimates of expected water demands applicable to size
the pumping equipment, transmission and distribution pipe lines and storage facilities.
Estimating water demands for a particular town depends on the size of the population to be
served, their standard of living and activities, the cost of water supplied, the availability of
wastewater service and the purpose of demand. It varies according to the requirement of the
domestic population, institutional, industrial and social establishments, etc. In addition to these,
demand allowances need to be included for leakage, wastage, and so on.

23
Accordingly, the water demand of town is calculated with due consideration of actual conditions
of the town and pertinent to available data. Where gaps are observed in acquiring of data,
estimates are made from general experiences of the country utilized for similar towns.

3.5.1 Domestic Water Demand projection

In projecting the domestic water demand of Basha Town the following procedures were

followed:

 Determining population percentage distribution by mode of service and its future projection
 Establishment of per ca-pita water demand by purpose for each mode of service;
 Projected consumption by mode of service;
 Adjustment for climate;
 Adjustment due to socio-economic conditions

MODES OF SERVICES

Modes of services commonly prevalent in most Ethiopian towns are classified into five
categories, namely: -
 Traditional Source users (TSU)  Yard tap users (YTU)
 Public tap users (PTU)  House tap users (HTU)
 Neighborhood tap users (NTU)

The water service offices serve the community by the three major modes of services namely
public tap, yard connection and house connection. However, for this study, the following modes
of services are adopted from the design criteria prepared by the Ministry of Water Resources

 House connection (HC)  Yard connection shared (YCS)

 Yard connection own (YCO)  Public tap supplies (PT)
Once adequate and reliable piped water supply system is constructed, it is expected that there
will be all people served from the system.
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY MODE OF SERVICES

24
The percentage of population to be served by each mode of service will vary with time. The
variation is caused by changes in living standards, improvement of the service level and capacity
of the water supply service to expand.

Therefore, the present and projected percentage of population served by each demand category is
estimated by taking the above stated conditions and by assuming that the percentage for the
house and yard tap users will increase gradually during the project service period while the
percentage of tap users will dramatically reduce as more and more people will have private
connections as the living standard of people and the socio-economic development stage increase.

This projection envisage provision of the traditional source users with public taps, and yard
connections (own & shared). Further decreases in public tap users are expected on the
assumption that more and more people will have private yard connections. Due to this an
increase in percentage of yard connections and house connections is anticipated by the end of the
design period.

PER CA-PITA WATER DEMAND

The per-capita domestic water demand for various demand categories varies depending on the
size of the town and the level of development, the type of water supply scheme, the
socioeconomic conditions of the towns and the climatic condition of the area. The per capita
water demand for adequate supply level has to be determined based on the basic human water
requirements for various activities of demand category.

3.5.2 Non-Domestic Water Demand

Non-domestic water demand can be broadly classified into the following major categories:

 Institutional water demand  Industrial water demand,

 Commercial water demand  Firefighting demand
 Livestock water demand (Animal
Demand)
25
INSTITUTIONAL WATER, COMMERCIAL AND SMALL INDUSTRIAL DEMAND

The water required for schools, hospitals, health centre, government offices and services,
religious institutions and other public facilities is classified as institutional water demand
whereas the water required for restaurants, shopping centers, local drinks, and other commercial
purposes, is classified as commercial water demand. Both water demands are termed as public
water demand.

It is therefore decided to estimate public demand of the study town as percentage of domestic
demand. . From survey results , the total water consumption of Institutional, commercial and
small industries of Basha Town, is taken as 20 percent of domestic consumption.

LIVESTOCK WATER DEMAND (ANIMAL DEMAND )

Animal demand may be required if there are no water sources to the proximity of the town.
There is abundance amount of livestock in the area and also a number of livestock brought to
town during market day. Considering this issue From the existing information and observation
made around the town there is a river bounding the town in north and east side called Gomosho
River and Kome river.

3.5.3 Fire Fighting Demand

The annual volume required for firefighting purpose is small. However, during periods of need,
the demand may be exceedingly large and in many cases govern the design of distribution,
storage and pumping requirements. In this case the firefighting water requirements are
considered to be met by stopping supply to consumers and directing it for this purpose. This
demand is taken care of by increasing the volume of storage tanks by 10%.

26
3.5.4 Non-Revenue Water

Non-revenue water includes water losses in the water supply system, illegal connections, and
overflow from reservoirs and water losses due to operational requirement such as washout

Loss will be minimal at the beginning of the design period and will increase gradually with time
in the expected service life of the new system unless intermediate leakage detection &
subsequent remedial work is carried out. By replacing of old pipes and improving of the whole
water supply system of the town, a figure for non-revenue water is expected to vary from 15% to
25% has been adopted at the beginning and end of the design period.

TABLE 0-2 SUMMARY OF PROJECTED WATER DEMAND ANALYSIS OF BASHA

TOWN

Start of Design Period

Description
Uni
t 2020 2021 2031 2036 2041
Year
Population Growth Rate % 4.10% 3.90% 3.50% 3.30% 3.10%
Projected population No 19500 20276 29530 35107.5 41,322.80
Population Percentage
Distribution by Mode of service
HTU % 4 4.6 10.6 13.6 16.6
YTU % 31 32 42 47 52
NTU % 17 16.8 14.8 13.8 12.8
PTU % 48 46.6 32.6 25.6 18.6
Total % 100 100 100 100 100
Population served by
HTU No 780 932.67 3130.2 4774.62 6859.59
6488.1 12402.
YTU No 6045 16500.5 21487.86
7 7
3406.2 4370.4
NTU No 3315 4844.83 5289.32
9 7
9448.3 9626.8
PTU No 9360 8987.52 7686.04
9 5

27
Wondo genet woreda, Basha Town water supply project we were used Ground water source
(BH). Bore hole recommended because of it is cleaner than other sources (like river and lake),
water availability is high all the time and has less pollution to this advantageous serviceability,
ground water is chosen. And uses submersible pump with power of 70Kw. By pumping system,
it goes to the reservoir properly. Because the Basha Town water supply system is characterized
by water shortage and unsatisfactory service level. The major shortcomings because under
capacity water production due to shortages in yield and Debilitated water quality with bad taste
and turbidity in wet seasons. The source is located at UTM E- 0456213, N-0775266, and
elevation 1708m Adindan. Which is 3 Km far from the reservoir. The drilled depth was 236m.

Figure 3-5 BASHA TOWN PROJECT SOURCE

28
SERVICE RESERVOIRS

Reservoir is a structure which used to store water or different fluid type for the different purpose.
The reservoir size is designed to balance the demands on the system so that peak hourly demands
can be met whilst maintaining a firefighting reserve. This fire reserve is taken as 10% of the
balancing volume. The service reservoir provide the storage capacity to equalize pressures in the
distribution system It shall be located at the highest location to ensure that pressures in the
distribution network are maximized. The reservoirs found at Basha town at elevation of 1903m.
The capacity of reservoir is 500m3 and the shape of the reservoir is circular constructed in
concrete it has 5m height including free board with the radius of 6m center to center the wall
thickness of the reservoir is 40cm including plastering work..

The storage volume is therefore large enough to accommodate the cumulative differences
between water supply and demand. The reservoirs will be provided with a valve chamber to
accommodate both inlet and outlet valve requirements. Water is delivered to the reservoir in the
system directly through the transmission main by pumping which is completely independent
from the distribution system and water is distributed to the resident by distribution pipes through
gravity. This allows greater control over the quality of water delivered to the consumer. A water
meter will be provided on the main line at the outlet of the reservoir to record the total flow of
water to the distribution network. The reading should be recorded on a daily basis, so that the
data can be utilized for future study in estimating the water demand of the town and losses in the
distribution network.

Capacity of Service Reservoir: -It is calculated by taking one-third of the maximum daily
demand and used to balance the variable demand in the distribution system and has capacity of

1/3*MDD = 500m3 for standard capacity

29
Figure 3-6 BASHA TOWN WATER RESERVOIR

Inflow(inlet) pipe:-it brings water to washout pipe:-used for the removing of water
Reservoir during the clean of water

30
FIGURE 0-7 INLET PIPE OUTER AND INSIDE PART FIGURE 0-8 WASHOUT PIPE BOTH INSIDE AND OUTSIDE

Outflow (outlet) pipe: - It takes water from Check valve: -used to control the

reservoir to distribution network

FIGURE 0-9 OUTLET PART OUTER AND INSIDE PART FIGURE 0-10 CHECK VALVE

Over flow pipe: - It is for exit of water

above full supply level Gate valve: -used to control water

FIGURE 0-11 OVERFLOW PIPE BOTH INSIDE AND OUTER

Electro- Mechanical Equipment

The electro- mechanical equipment (pumps and Generator) shall be selected according to
pipeline profile designed, proposed flow quantity, site condition, borehole diameter, reservoir
elevation, static head, maximum temperature, pipe length, diameter and pipe material Each
pump is to be provided with a non-return valve

31
SUBMERSIBLE PUMP AND DIESEL GENERATOR

One borehole is proposed to meet the maximum day demand of i.e., 12 l/s. For design purpose
the characteristics of proposed wells such as the diameter of borehole casing, the static water
level (17.90m), dynamic water level (168), its depth(236) and optimum yield of the aquifers
were assumed based on the hydro-geological report of borehole. Proposed borehole will be
fitted with a submersible pump in order to lift water to new proposed 500m 3 service reservoirs
assuming of 16 pumping hour.

Pump capacity

Since the water collector or what we call the reservoir is situated at a higher elevation than the
source, we have to create artificial pressure through the pipe and bring the water to the required
area so that it can distribute the water to the community . Constant pumping rate 12 L\sec
was registered for the whole 48 hours in the well as shown from the data collection sheet, Where
progressive changes in water level reached at 168m with total draw down of 150.1meter
reference to the SWL 17.90m.The pump that is going to be designed shall distribute the water to
the 500m3 reservoirs. Therefore the appropriate design of pump and generator combination is as
follows:-

32
 TABLE 3 4 PUMP AND GENERATOR DESIGN TABLE AT BH TO NEW 500M3 SERVICE RESERVOIR

Sym
Description Unit Qty Calculation
bol

Pump capacity =9.81*q*Q/pump efficiency

=(9.81*0.012)/0.65=68.82KW
Submersible Pump capacity Kw 70
Adopted Pump Capacity= 70KW
(specific gravity of water=9.81)
Market Available Pump KVA 87.50
Pump efficiency A pump running at optimum head and
Pump efficiency 0.65
speed has an efficiency of between 40% and 80%
Length of Transmission Main m 2860 From Hydrological Report
Length of Riser Pipe m 185
sum(Length of Transmission Main+ Length of Riser
Pipe)
Total length of pipe m 3045
=2860+185=3045

Pipe Roughness Factor-Hazel-

120 C
William roughness coefficient

hL=10.675*L*Q^1.85/(C^1.85*D^4.87)
Major Head loss of riser pipe m
5.8 =10.675*185*0.12^1.85/(120^1.85*0.1^4.87)=5.8
hL=10.675*L*Q^1.85/(C^1.85*D^4.87)
Major Head loss of
m
transmission
12.5 =10.675*2860*0.012^1.85(120^1.85*0.15^4.87)=12.5
Total major head loss 18.3 =5.8+12.5+18.3
hm=(10/100)*18.3=1.83 (Taking for minor losses 10%
Minor head loss m 1.83 hm
of the major loss)
Total head loss m 20.2 HL HL=hL+hm=1.83+18.3=20.2
Pump Position from Ground From hydro geological report
m 185
surface
BH Ground surface level m 1713
Service Reservoir level m 1880
Static Head=1880-1713+185=352
Static Head m 352 Hs Service Reservoir level-Borehole Ground surface level
+Pump Position from Ground surface
33
 Recovery Test

A soon as the pump is shut down or the constant pumping test is stopped, the recovery test
conducted for 140 minute. And the maximum recovered water level (MWRL) is 48.55 meters..
Recovery test is very important to cross check the hydraulic parameters evaluated using a
constant discharge pumping test.

RP = (DWL - MRWL) * 100% = (168- 48.55m_) x 100 = 79.58%

150.1m

RP=Recovery Percentage

DWL=Dynamic Water Level

MRWL=Maximum recovery of water level

TDDW=Total draw down

Pressure line

Water from the borehole will be pumped by

submersible pump to a higher elevated
reservoir by using DCI pipe which is
2.86KM from the source to the reservoir.
The pressure main is designed to convey
economically the required maximum day
demand of the design period.

34
 Figure 3-12 PRESSURE LINE

TABLE 0-3 PIPE DESIGN FROM BH-TO NEW 500 M3 RESERVOIR FOR BASHA
TOWN PROJECT
Description Unit Qty Symbol Formula/Remark
Discharge (Estimated Yield) l/s 12 Q From hydro geological report
Economic DIAMETER OF 133.6
mm
Transmission PIPE 4
Market Available DIAMETER
mm 100
OF riser PIPE
Market Available DIAMETER
mm 150
OF Transmission PIPE
A=0.25*pi()*(D)2
riser Pipe section Area m2 0.008 Arevised
=0.25*3.14*(0.1^2)=0.008
A=0.25*pi()*(D)2
transmission line Pipe section Area m2 0.018 Arevised
=0.25*3.14*(0.15^2)=0.018
Velocity through suction pipe m/s 1.53 V V=Q/A=12/0.008=1.53
Velocity through transmission pipe m/s 0.68 V V=Q/A=0.012/0.018=0.68

3.6 Distribution System

Distribution pipes are used to deliver water to consumers with appropriate quality, quantity and
pressure. The distribution network is design in such a way that it safely and economically

35
accommodates the peak hour demand. HDPE and DCI pipe is used to distribute water from the
reservoir to water points. Which is 2.

Figure 3-13 MAIN LINE PIPE

Procedure for laying pipe

2. Excavation: - is the process of excavating and takeoff soil from construction site by the
means of workers. This is the first task to be done. These are

I, Site clearance: -this type of excavation used to clear the site from natural and man-made
obstacle such as tree, grass, rock and structures are removed (excavated) and with appropriate
depth the top soil clear.

I. Trench excavation: -This is excavated purposely for the layout of the pipeline. After the
excavation and bedding of the selected material, the pipeline is installed. The depth of
excavation is 1m
II. Bedding of trench

After the trenches have been excavated, the bottom needs to be prepared for the pipe. Any rocks
or rocky soil have to be removed. The main aim of bedding material is used to increase the
durability of the pipe.

3. Pipe joining and :- After bedding of trench the pipes are joined by using hand tool
machine or by using hydraulic machine. But in our site joined by hydraulic machine, this
joining of pipe is used to a safe passage or flow of water from one pipe to another.

36
 4 ASSESSMENT OF INTERNSHIP

4.1 Overall Internship Experience

4.1.1 Knowledge and acquaintance gained from the internship

In internship program I developed a better understanding in my perspective engineering field

from theoretical concept to practical application. My new point of view allowed me to grasp
many of the theoretical concepts that were introduced in the class. And such trends help us to
have valuable work experience. In this internship means within these four months I can observe
what the outside world looks like more than I know when I were at university.

The major benefits that I get from the internship are classified and stated as below briefly

4.1.2 In terms of improving practical skill

Observe construction of reservoirs compound, pipe line installation and construction of well
compounds. In general, it is also helpful to develop a professional work habit and in improving
of practical skill.

 How to manage time and material in work place within a given time

 How to relate theoretical knowledge with practical knowledge

 How to select construction material.

 Critical thinking and the ability to evaluate designs, plans and projects.

 Creativity and an innovative approach to solving problem.

37
4.1.3 In terms of upgrading the theoretical knowledge

Intern ship program gives me the opportunity to apply my theoretical knowledge in addition to
practical skills. During this intern ship program my theoretical knowledge was developed by
asking my office engineer, my advisor & other related Employers of the company that relates to
the knowledge that captures in the past years and improve my confidence.

 An opportunity to put into practice the lessons learn while studying within a normal in the
class;
 I acquired a basic technical knowledge in my field of study.
 I have learned certain skills to apply the theoretical knowledge: technical analysis and
Problem-solving skills, critical thinking, and technical skills typical for my learning
pathway.
 Respectful, positive, sociable, with a sense of initiative, flexible, creative.

4.1.4 In terms of improving inter personal communication

This internship gives effective communication skills that greatly improve communication to the
workers.In my stay, I got a lot of knowledge in terms of improving my interpersonal
communication skill such as:-

 Helps to me to gain the required experience from those skilled professional workers persuade
with people.

 It increases personal effectiveness on job

 Always be confident and don’t be afraid and gave me self-confidence to speak among people
 I learned how to approach with new peoples and how to handle information.
 To improve harmonious relationships and respect towards with other people.
 I improved my skills to express and clarify things than before and being open mind to take
ideas of others

38
4.1.5 In terms of improving the ability of working in teams

It is a skill of a person’s working with other people co-cooperatively Team work plays a great
role in order to success and facilitates the project. On my stay, I have understood that team
playing together increases self-confidence, moral and loyalty of individuals.

 I have learn how to collaborate with  Communicates constructively

other professions workers  Exhibits flexibility
 I have gained the ability of working  Functions as an active participant
together with other workers  Shows commitment to the team
 Enable me to gain knowledge shared in  Cooperates and pitches in to help
the team of regular works  Treats others in a respectful and
 Shares openly and willingly supportive manner

4.1.6 In Terms of Leader Ship Skill

Leadership is a way of leading the careers of the company. During my stay as interne mostly I
saw leaders having a good behavior of leadership. They are keeps moral and the interest of the
employer and helps for to solve confused during their work. I also support this good leadership
because it increases my confides for future career.

Most of the leader ship skill gained from the the supervisor of the project and site engineer
I learn that:-

 From the supervisor, I gained the following skill:-

 Prepare action plan and use it to implement the hole project work

 How to check the strength of material availability from the contractor

 How to check the quality of work and suggestion from work of the project

39
  From the site engineer, I gained the following skill

 Being role model for workers

 Self-confidence and decision-making ability at work place (site)

 How to manage work of the project

 How to interact with the community of the project area.

 Listening the ideas and problems of workers and solving their problem

 How to distribute the labor from the work to facilitate the project

 Control the payment of the labor

 Motivate and encourage free discussion with all workers.

 How to respect when supervisor and contractor management come to the site and etc.

 Keep up all activity of the work

4.1.7 In terms of understanding about work ethics related issues

These principles of personal ethics and Professional ethics refer to the standards or a set of moral
principles for regulating behaviors of a certain defined profession. In order to consider that an
activity to be profession, it should be carried out by one who has advanced education, knowledge
and skill. are values that are expected to be possessed by all individuals in my life, and contribute
a lot for smooth interactions among individuals and peaceful Coexistence of society. Personal
ethics include:

40
4.1.8 In terms of Improving My Technical Skills:-

From the overall activities of the water supply projects, improve technical skill. How to apply

and perform water supply project takes a good education from the skilled workers of the project.

Among the various practical skills I gained from internship

 How to determine the number of populations in a town, city or village after the design
period?
 How to know the amount of water required for these numbers of populations to meet their
need?
 How to design, select and construct the service reservoirs economically to meet the peak
rate of demand
 How to install pipe and distribution
 I understood how to construct protection parts to the pipe line.
 I understood how to select pipe.
 Identifying the responsibilities of contractor. Site engineer. Forman’s on the site

4.1.9 In terms of improving my Management Skills

Management skills is the ability to manage time and people (both others) and myself successfully

 I saw how to make cost effective plane and procedure for the project
 How to improve competitiveness
 The ability to work both as part of a team and independently
 Willingness to take risk
 How to manage the finance and financial literacy
 Able to plan, coordinate and organize effectively

41
 4.2 Challenges facing during in the internship time

Even though the internship had many benefits with regard to improving & developing our Practical
and theoretical skills developing the habit and information. There were some Challenges that have
been facing while performing the task, the main challenges were:

 Shortage of construction material like cement, steel……

 Lack of sufficient service (car) to travel to site regularly
 Lack of sufficient materials like lab Test
 Unfavorable climatic condition of the project site
 There is no enough space to lecture all students

4.3 Measures I have been taken to overcome challenges

 By communicating with that environment people, with dwellers and workers on the related
with how the work looks like.
 Increase the ability to communicate with company’s regular workers.
 Solve the transportation by walking long distance by private service (Bajaj) and foot.
 Improving theoretical knowledge about water supply by reading some reference and asking
the supervisor and site engineers.

4.4 My Contributions for the Company

Ask a question to get more knowledge on the site and accepting advice  Follow the
instruction of the project  Checking the reservoir is properly constructed or not

42
 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 CONCLUSION

Potable and safe water supply is the major problem of the project area community. Basha Town
water supply system is characterized by water shortage and unsatisfactory service level. The major
shortcomings because under capacity water production due to shortages in yield and Debilitated
water quality with bad taste and turbidity in wet seasons. Those communities are affected by scarcity
of water and water borne diseases. The majority of community couldn’t get reliable, accessible,
adequate and safe water supply for domestic and livestock consumption. So to solve the problem the
regional government plans to construct water supply infrastructure for 20 years design period. The
number of base population is 35,000. The major source of water in the area is ground water (BH).
Therefore, this project is planned to solve the problem associated with safe water supply
environmental sanitation. Generally, after this project is completed it is expected that the community
in the project area will: -

 The project will contribute significantly to the improvement of the health conditions of the
town of Basha.
 The project will have a significant positive impact by stimulating the economy and
improving the living conditions of the population
 It is observed that the people and authorities are extremely positive on the project idea and
enthusiastic to be involved and participate in its implementation.
 There is sufficient level of willingness to pay and use the services.
 Women will greatly benefit from the project.

5.2 Recommendations for University

This internship program gave me a great opportunity to have a clue about the practical exercises.
Since the purpose of internship is to provide students have practical knowledge. I would like to
recommend the department to provide the exposure in the industry at the early stage of their

43
academic year beside theoretical knowledge. Because it could able the students active participant
of the internship, so the university should work side by side with the industry not only in the
internship period but also from the beginning by involving students. This could inspire students
to do better every year. I am saying this because my interests in the industry have grown after the
exposed to it so why not start early.

 Before the students goes to internship program the schedule must be change for e.g. we
don’t have any clue about quantity of surveying but if we take it we will not be confuse
and it will not be waste of time.
 Field trips and educational exhibitions should be arranged more often in accordance with
the theoretical class, this helps the student to develop practical knowledge and make the
teaching learning process easier.
 It better if the university create more linkage with deferent industries and using at the
time of internship.
 The industry linkage should revise the work flow of the organization and also should take
better experiences from different elite universities.
 Basic courses like Contract specification and quantity surveying courses should be given
before internship.
 Course relative labs should be prepared by the university.

5.3 Recommendations for the hosting company

 Transport service should be prepared

 Working room should be prepared
 Educating the community in sanitation, cleanliness and personal hygiene. In particular
the people should be educated to the use latrine for excreta disposal instead of using the
field.

 Safety to the workers; the main important thing on construction is safety. In the project
site most of the workers doesn't have hail mate and safety shoes. Because of this and

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 other carelessness they would hurt. Therefore, I recommend the company to arrange
safety tools for site workers.

5.4 Recommendation for the proposed water supply project

In order to optimize benefits and minimize the negative impacts of the proposed water supply
project, the following measurement is recommended:
1. The implementation of be carried out as soon as possible in order to address current
shortages the town water supply and to allow for short term growth up to the year 2031.
2. During project implementation of the town municipality and Town Water Supply
Services should take great responsibility to cascade the project work.

3. The client may search & award for higher category level contractor with high
efficiency & successful work experience who can readily commence the construction of
the hydraulic and civil structures.

4. The New distribution Network should be connected to the old system during water
shortage in the system and will be made to serve some parts of the Town.

5. The proposed 500m3 service Reservoir should be interconnected during construction

time.

6. Pipe Lining should be properly connected

45
REFFERENCE

association, A. w. (2005). Water Quality. verginia: american water quality associations.

b.janson, R. (1988). Engineering design and rehabilitaion construction. NEWYORK,America.:

congress cataloge,India.

Kumar, S. (1976). irrigation and hydrolic structures. New delhi: Kahnna.

p.novak, a. m. (2004). Hydrolic structures ,third edition. Newyork: spon press.

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