Chapter 11.

Magnetic materials

MCQ’S (1 Mark Each)

1) The magnetic susceptibility is given by

𝑀
𝐵 𝑀
a) χ = 1
𝐻
b) χ = 𝐻
c) χ = 𝑉
𝑛𝑒𝑡
d) χ = 𝐻

Ans : d) χ = 𝑀
𝐻

2) The relation between relative permeability and magnetic susceptibility is given by

a) χ = µ + 1 b) χ = − µ − 1 c) µ = 1 − χ d) µ = 1 + χ
𝑟 𝑟 𝑟 𝑟

Ans : d) µ = 1 + χ
𝑟

3) If an electron of charge (-e) and mass 𝑚 revolves around the nucleus of an atom having
𝑒

orbital magnetic moment 𝑚 ,then angular momentum of electron is

𝑜

𝑚𝑒 𝑒 2𝑚 𝑚
𝑜 𝑜 𝑒
a) 𝐿 = 2𝑚 b) 𝐿 = 2𝑚 𝑚 c) 𝐿 = 𝑒
d) 𝐿 = 𝑚𝑚
2𝑒
𝑒 𝑜 𝑒 𝑜 𝑒

2𝑚 𝑚
𝑜 𝑒
Ans : c) 𝐿 = 𝑒

4) If 𝑚 and L denote the orbital angular moment and the angular momentum of the electron
𝑜

due to its orbital motion, then the gyromagnetic ratio is given by

𝐿 𝑚 𝑚𝑜
a) 𝑚 b) 𝐿
𝑜
c) 𝐿𝑚 d)
𝑜 𝐿
𝑜

𝑚
𝑜
Ans : b) 𝐿

5) Relative permeability of iron 5500, then its magnetic susceptibility will be

7 −7
a) 5500 × 10 b) 5501 c) 5499 d) 5500 × 10

Ans : c) 5499 , hint : χ = µ − 1

𝑟

6) What is magnetization of a bar magnet having length 6 cm and area of cross section

2
5 𝑐𝑚 ?

40
 (𝑚 = 1)
𝑛𝑒𝑡

−4 4 −4 −4
𝑎)1. 2×10 A/m b) 3. 3×10 A/m c) 1. 25×10 A/m d) 3. 3×10 A/m

4 𝑚 𝑚
𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑛𝑒𝑡
Ans : b) 3.3× 10 A/m , M= 𝑉
= 𝐴𝐿

−4 −4 −1
7) A magnetic material of susceptibility 3×10 , and magnetic intensity is 4×10 A𝑚
.Then

−1
The magnetization in the units of A 𝑚 is

8 8 −8 −8
a) 12×10 b) 1. 33×10 c) 0. 75×10 d) 14×10
8
Ans : a) 12×10 , M =χH

Very Short Answer (VSA) ( 1 MARK Each )

1. Give gyro magnetic ratio.

2. What is stated in term of Bohr magneton.
3. Define magnetization.
4. What does the ratio of magnetization to magnetic intensity indicate?
5. What is diamagnetism?
6. State the formula for the periodic time of angular oscillations of the bar magnet, in terms
of moment of inertia.
7. The relative permeability of a medium is 0.075. What is its magnetic susceptibility?

(Ans: 0.925 , hint : χ = µ − 1)

𝑟

2
8. The moment of a magnet ( 15 cm×2𝑐𝑚×1𝑐𝑚 ) is 1.2 A-𝑚 .What is its intensity of
4 −1
magnetization? (Ans : 𝑀 = 4×10 A𝑚 )

6
9. The electron in hydrogen atom is moving with a speed of 2. 5×10 m/s in an orbit of
° 𝑒𝑣𝑟
radius 0.5 𝐴 . What is the Magnetic moment of the revolving electron? (Ans: 𝑚 = 2
𝑜
−23 2
= 10 𝐴𝑚 ).

41
 Short Answer I (SA1) (2 MARKS Each )

𝑒𝑣𝑟
1. Show that the orbital magnetic dipole moment of a resolving electron is 2
.

2. Derive the quantity for Bohr magneton and also state its value.

3. Define magnetization. State its SI unit and dimensions.

4. What is a magnetic hysteresis?

5. Define: 1) retentivity 2) coercivity.

6. Explain magnetic shielding.

7. Calculate the gyro magnetic ratio of electron.

−19
(given e =1. 6×10 C, 𝑚 = 9. 1×10−31 kg)
𝑐

10 −1
Ans.: hint: gyromagnetic ratio = 𝑒 = 8. 8×10 C 𝑘𝑔
2𝑚 𝑒

2
8. An iron rod of area of cross-section 0.1 𝑚 is subjected to a magnetizing field of

1000 A/m. Calculate the magnetic permeability of the iron rod.

−7
(χ for iron = 599 , µ = 4π×10 SI unit )
0

−4
Ans.: 7.54 × 10 , hint: µ = χ+ 1 , µ = µ µ
𝑟 𝑟 𝑜

9. A solenoid has core of a material with relative permeability 500 and its windings

carry current of 1 A. The number of turns of the solenoid is 500 per meter.

Calculate the magnetization of the material.

5 −1
Ans.: 2.495 × 10 A𝑚 , H = Ni, χ = µ − 1, M= ΧH =(µ − 1)H
𝑟 𝑟

Short Answer II (SA2) (3 MARKS Each

1) Define magnetic intensity. Explain magnetization of a material.

42
2) Obtain an expression for the orbital magnetic moment of an electron rotating about the
nucleus in an atom.
3) Define gyromagnetic ratio. Find relation for Bohr magneton.
4) What is a paramagnetic material? Give two examples.
5) State any four properties of a paramagnetic material.
6) State Curie’s law of Paramagnetic material.
7) What is a ferromagnetic material? Give two examples.
8) Explain magnetic hysteresis in a ferromagnetic material.
9) When a plate of magnetic material of size 10 𝑐𝑚×0. 5 𝑐𝑚×0. 2 𝑐𝑚 (length,breadth and
4 −1
thickness respectively ) is located in magnetizing field of 0. 5×10 A𝑚 then magnetic
2
moment of 5 A𝑚 is induced in it. Find out magnetic induction in the plate.
6 −1
(Ans : M = 5× 10 𝐴𝑚 , 𝐵 = 6.29 T)
2
10) A magnet of magnetic moment 3𝐴𝑚 weighs 75 g. The density of the material of the
3 5
magnet is 7500 𝑘𝑔/𝑚 What is the magnetization.? (Ans: M= 3×10 A/m)
−1
11) Find the relative permeability, if the permeability of a metal is 0.1256 Tm𝐴
5
(Ans: 10 )

Long Answer ( LA) ( 4 marks Each)

1) Define magnetization. State its SI unit and dimensions. Derive the relation between
magnetic field intensity(H) and magnetization (M) for a magnetic material placed in a
magnetic field.
2) Explain the origin of magnetism in material, hence find the magnetic moment of an
electron revolving around the nucleus of an atom.
3) Derive an expression for a torque acting on a magnetic dipole in a region of uniform
magnetic induction. Express it in vector form.
4) State any four properties of a diamagnetic material.
5) An electron in an atom is revolving round the nucleus in a circular orbit of radius
−11 6 −1
5. 3×10 m, with a speed of 2×10 m𝑠 .Find resultant orbital magnet moment and
angular momentum of electron.
−19 −31
(e = 1. 6×10 C , m = 9. 1×10 kg )
−24 2 −35 2
(Ans: 𝑚 = 8. 48×10 𝐴𝑚 , L = 9. 646×10 𝑘𝑔. 𝑚 /𝑠
𝑜

43
 Chapter 12. Electromagnetic Induction
MCQ’S (1 Mark Each)
1) In which of the following devices, the eddy current is not used
(a) Electromagnet (b) Induction furnace (c) Electric heater (d) Magnetic breaking in train
Ans: c) electric heater
2) An ideal transformer has 100 turns in the primary and 250 turns in the secondary. The peak
value of the AC is 28 V. The rms secondary voltage is nearest to
(a) 100 V (b) 70 V (c) 50 V (d) 40 V`
Ans: c) 50 V
3) The role of inductance is equivalent to
(a) inertia (b) force (c) energy (d) momentum
Ans: a) inertia
4) The energy stored in a 50 mH inductor carrying a current of 4 A is
(a) 0.4 J (b) 0.1 J (c) 0.04 J (d) 0.01 J
Ans: a) 0.4 J
5) In the expression e = –d∅/dt, the -ve sign signifies
(a) The induced emf is produced only when magnetic flux decreases
(b) The induced emf opposes the change in the magnetic flux
(c) The induced emf is opposite to the direction of the flux.
(d) The induced emf is independent of change in magnetic flux.
Ans: b) The induced emf opposes the change in the magnetic flux
6) Two pure inductors each of self-inductance L are connected in series, the net inductance is
(a) 2L (b) L (c) L/2 (d) L/4
Ans: a) 2L
7) A magnet is moved towards a coil (i) quickly (ii) slowly, then the induced e.m.f. is
(a) larger in case (i) (b) smaller in case (i)
(c) equal to both the cases (d) larger or smaller depending upon the radius of the coil
Ans: a) larger in case (i)

44
 Very Short Answer (VSA) ( 1 MARK Each )
1. State Faraday's Law of electromagnetic Induction.
2. State the mathematical relation between number of turns in primary coil to secondary coil in
step up transformer.
3. State the condition at which we say the two coils kept close to each other are perfectly
coupled with each other.
4. State Lenz's Law.
5. A pair of adjacent coil has a mutual inductance of 1.5 H. If the current in one coil varies from
0 to 20 A in 0.5 s, what is the change of flux linked with the other coil. ( Ans:15 Wb)
6. An aircraft of wing span of 50 m flies horizontally in earth's magnetic field of 6 x 10-5 T at a
speed of 400 m/s. Calculate the emf generated between the tips of the wings of the aircraft.
(Ans: 1.2 V )

7. A coil of self-inductance 3 H carries a steady current of 2 A. What is the energy stored in

the magnetic field of the coil? [Ans: 6 J]

Short Answer I (SA1) (2 MARKS Each)

1) Why and where eddy currents are undesirable? How are they minimized?

2) Define Self Inductance, Mutual Inductance

3) Explain why the inductance of two coils connected in parallel is less than the inductance of

either coil.

4) An emf of 96 mV is induced in the windings of a coil when a current in a nearby coil is

increasing at the rate of 1.20 A/s. What is the mutual inductance of the two coils?

[Ans: 80 mH]

5) Calculate the induced emf between the ends of an axle of a railway carriage 1.75 m long

traveling on level ground with a uniform velocity 50 kmph. The vertical component of

Earth's magnetic field ( Bv ) is 5 x 10-5 T. [ Ans: 1.215 mV]

2
6) The magnetic flux through a loop varies according to the relation ∅ = 8𝑡 + 6𝑡 + 2, ∅ is in
milliweber and t is in second. What is the magnitude of the induced emf in the loop
at t = 2 seconds? [38 mV]
7) Distinguish between Step up and Step-Down Transformer.

45
8) Explain back emf in a motor.
9) What is an ac generator? State the principle of an ac generator.
Short Answer II (SA2) (3 MARKS Each)

1) What is Transformer? Explain step up and step-down transformers?

2) Determine the motional emf induced in a straight conductor moving in a uniform
magnetic field with constant velocity on the basis of Lorentz force.
3) Describe the construction of a simple ac generator and explain its working.
4) Determine the magnetic energy stored per unit length of a coaxial cable, represented by
two coaxial cylindrical shells of inner radii a, Outer radii b and carrying current I.
5) Obtain an expression for the self-inductance of a solenoid.
6) The primary of a transformer has 40 turns and works on 100 V and 100 W. Find a number
of turns in the secondary to step up the voltage to 400 V. Also calculate the current in the
secondary and primary. [ 160, 0.25 A, 1 A]
7) The primary and secondary coil of a transformer each have an inductance of 200 x 10-6
H. The mutual inductance (M) between the windings is 4 x 10-6 H. What percentage of the
flux from one coil reaches the other? [Ans: 2 % ]
8) A plane of coil of 10 turns is tightly wound around a solenoid of diameter 2 cm having
400 turns per centimeter. The relative permeability of the core is 800. Calculate the
inductance of solenoid. [Ans: 0.1264 H]

Long Answer ( LA) ( 4 marks Each)

1) Find an expression for the power expended in pulling a conducting loop out of a magnetic
field.
2) Using Ampere's law, obtain an expression for the magnetic induction near a current
carrying straight infinitely long wire.
3) Describe the construction and working of a transformer with a neat, labelled diagram.

46