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Web Programming Ktu Notes

Ktu notes S7 sem

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gnanjitha
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© © All Rights Reserved
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53 views

Web Programming Ktu Notes

Ktu notes S7 sem

Uploaded by

gnanjitha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 45

COMPUTER SCIENCE

SUBJECT NAME : WEB TECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER NO : 8
CHAPTER NAME : Server Side Programming
with PHP
LECTURE NO: 3

1
PHP Global Variables – Superglobals
 Some predefined variables in PHP are "superglobals", which means
that they are always accessible, regardless of scope - and you can
access them from any function, class or file without having to do
anything special.
 The PHP superglobal variables are:
 $GLOBALS
 $_SERVER
 $_POST
 $_GET
 $_REQUEST
 $_FILES
 $_COOKIE
 $_SESSION
PHP Form Handling
 Super Global Variables
 $_GET
 To read form data send by HTTP method GET.
 $_POST
 To read form data send by HTTP method POST.
 $_REQUEST
 To read form data send by HTTP method both GET and POST.
Example

<form method="get" action=“server.php">


Name: <input type="text" name="fname"><br>
<input type="submit">
</form>

server.php

<?php
$name = $_GET['fname'];
echo $name;
?>
Example

<form method=“post" action=“server.php">


Name: <input type="text" name="fname"><br>
<input type="submit">
</form>

server.php

<?php
$name = $_POST['fname'];
echo $name;
?>
How HTTP submits form data?

HTTP GET Request

http://localhost/PhpProject1/register.php?user=arul&pass=cse&email=arul%40gmail.com
How HTTP submits form data?
http://localhost/PhpProject1/register.php?user=arul&pass=c
se&email=arul%40gmail.com

PHP Program

$_GET is an associative array

HTTP writes the form data in Super global variable $_GET automatically
<html> $_GET Example
<body>

<form action="server.php" method="get"> server.php


Name: <input type="text" name="name"><br>
E-mail: <input type="text" name="email"><br>
<input type="submit">
</form> <html>
<body>
</body>
</html> Welcome <?php echo $_GET["name"]; ?><br>
Your email address is: <?php echo $_GET["email"]; ?>

</body>
</html>
<html> $_POST Example
<body>

<form action="server.php" method="post">


Name: <input type="text" name="name"><br>
E-mail: <input type="text" name="email"><br>
<input type="submit"> server.php
</form> <html>
<body>
</body> Welcome <?php echo $_POST["name"]; ?><br>
</html> Your email address is: <?php echo $_POST["email"];
?>
</body>
</html>
<html> $_REQUEST Example
<body>

<form action="server.php" method="get">


Name: <input type="text" name="name"><br>
E-mail: <input type="text" name="email"><br>
<input type="submit"> server.php
</form>
<html>
<body>
</body>
Welcome <?php echo $_REQUEST["name"]; ?><br>
</html>
Your email address is: <?php echo $_REQUEST["email"]; ?>
</body>
</html>
<form action="server1.php" method="post"> Reading Other Input Elements
Name: <input type="text" name="name"> <br><br>
Gender: <input type="radio" name="gender" value="Male"> Male
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="Female"> Female
<br><br>
Select your country: <select name="country">
<option>India</option>
<option>USA</option>
<option>Pakistan</option>
While creating multiple checkboxes add [] at the end of
<option>China</option>
name attribute e.g. skills[]. Here, [] denotes an Array.
<option>Singapore</option>
</select>
<br><br>
Select Skills:
<input type="checkbox" name="skills[]" value="Java">Java
<input type="checkbox" name="skills[]" value="JavaScript">JavaScript
<input type="checkbox" name="skills[]" value="HTML">HTML
<input type="checkbox" name="skills[]" value="PHP">PHP
<br><br>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
<html>
<head> server1.php
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Name : <?php echo $_POST['name'] ?></p>
<p>Gender: <?php echo $_POST['gender'] ?> </p>
<p>Country: <?php echo $_POST['country'] ?> </p>
<!-- reading skills -->
<p>
Skills:
<?php
$skillarr = $_POST['skills'];
foreach($skillarr as $data){
echo $data . ",";
}
?>
</p>
</body>
</html>
Output
isset() function in PHP
 The isset() function is an inbuilt function in PHP which checks
whether a variable is set and is not NULL
<?php
$number = 10;

if(isset($number))
echo "number variable is set";
else
echo "number variable is not set";
?>
unset() function
 The unset() function unsets(delete) a variable.

<?php
$number = 10;

unset($number);

if(isset($number))
echo "number variable is set";
else
echo "number variable is not set";
?>
isset() method in form handling

 isset() method can be used to check the given form


data is set or not.
Another Usage of isset()
Another Usage of isset()
PHP Session Handling
 A session is a way to store information (in variables) to be
used across multiple pages.
 A session is started with the session_start() function.
<?php
session_start();
?>

<?php
$_SESSION['userid'] = "abc123";
$_SESSION['theme'] = "black";
$_SESSION['backgroundcolor'] = "blue";
?>
Example: Session
SessionFirst.php

<form action=“SessionSecond" method="POST">


Name : <input type="text" name ="name"><br><br>
<input type="submit" value="submit">
</form>
SessionSecond.php
<body>
<?php
$user=$_POST['name'];
echo "Welcome $user <br>";
session_start();
//writing to session variable
$_SESSION['userid'] = $user;

?>
<a href=“SessionThird.php">Go To Second Page</a>
</body>
Example: Session
SessionThird.php
<body>
<?php
session_start();
echo "Welcome ".$_SESSION['userid'];
?>
<br>
<a href=“SessionFourth.php">Go To Third Page</a>
</body>

SessionFourth.php
<body>
<?php
session_start();
echo "Welcome ".$_SESSION['userid'];
?>
</body>
Session Tracking
PHP Cookies
 A cookie is often used to identify a user.
 A cookie is a small file(Maximum size: 4 KB) that the server
embeds on the user's computer.
 Each time the same computer requests a page with a
browser, it will send the cookie too.
 With PHP, you can both create and retrieve cookie values.
Create Cookies With PHP
 A cookie is created with the setcookie() function.
 Cookie values can be accessed by super global variable
$_COOKIE
Example- Cookies
CFirst.php

<body>
<form action=“CSecond.php" method="POST">
Name : <input type="text" name ="name"><br><br>
<input type="submit" value="submit">
</form>
</body>

CSecond.php

<body>
<?php
$user=$_POST['name'];
echo "Welcome $user <br>";
//writing to cookie
setcookie(“name”, $user);
?>
<a href=“CThird.php">Go To Second Page</a>
</body>
Example- Cookies

CThird.php
<body>
<?php
echo "Welcome ".$_COOKIE['name'];
?>
<br>
</body>
View Cookies
 In Google Chrome, go to settings and search cookies
 Click on “Cookies and other site data”
View Cookies
Click on See All Cookies
View Cookies
Search for localhost
PHP Functions
 Besides the built-in PHP functions, it is possible to create
your own functions.
 A function is a block of statements that can be used repeatedly in a
program.
 A function will not be execute automatically when a page loads.
 A function will be executed by a call to the function.
 In PHP functions are created using function keyword.
Create a User Defined Function in PHP
Syntax
function functionName() {
code to be executed; Example:

} <?php
function writeMsg() {
echo "Hello world!";
}

writeMsg(); // call the function


?>
PHP Function Arguments
 Information can be passed to functions through arguments.
<?php

function add($a,$b) {
echo $a + $b;
}

add(4,5);
add(11,23);

?>
Default Argument Value
 The function arguments can have a default value
Example:
<?php
function add($a=0,$b=0) {
echo $a + $b;
}

add(4); //Result = 4
add(2,2); //Result = 4
?>
PHP Functions - Returning values
 To let a function, return a value, use the return statement
<?php
function add($a,$b) {
return $a + $b;
}

$result1=add(4,1); //Result = 5
$result2=add(2,2); //Result = 4
?>
Passing Arguments by Reference
 When a function argument is passed by reference, changes to the
argument also change the variable that was passed in.
 To turn a function argument into a reference, the & operator is used:

<?php
function add_five(&$value) {
$value += 5;
}

$num = 2;
add_five($num);
echo $num;
?>
Classes and objects
 PHP is an object-oriented programming language, which means that
you can create objects, which can contain variables and functions.
 When creating a program to use objects, you need to design a
composite of data and code called a class.
 Each new object based on this class is called an instance (or
occurrence) of that class.
 The data associated with an object are called its properties;

 the functions it uses are called methods.


Declaring a Class
 Before you can use an object, you must define a class with the
class keyword.
 Class definitions contain the class name (which is case-sensitive),
its properties, and its methods.
<?php
class Fruit {
// Properties
public $name;
public $color; Example Class
// Methods
function set_name($name) {
$this->name = $name;
}
function get_name() {
return $this->name;
}
}
$apple = new Fruit();
$banana = new Fruit();
$apple->set_name('Apple');
$banana->set_name('Banana');

echo $apple->get_name();
echo "<br>";
echo $banana->get_name();
?>
Constructor in Class
 The __construct Function
 A constructor allows you to initialize an object's properties upon
creation of the object.
 If you create a __construct() function, PHP will automatically call this
function when you create an object from a class.
 Notice that the construct function starts with two underscores (__)!
Constructor in class
<?php
class Fruit {
public $name;
public $color;

function __construct($name) {
$this->name = $name;
}
function get_name() {
return $this->name;
}
}

$apple = new Fruit("Apple");


echo $apple->get_name();
?>
The __destruct Function
 A destructor is called when the object is deleted or the script
is stopped or exited.
<?php
class Fruit {
public $name;
public $color;

function __construct($name) {
$this->name = $name;
}
function __destruct() {
echo "The fruit is {$this->name}.";
}
}

$apple = new Fruit("Apple");


?>
Access Modifiers
 Properties and methods can have access modifiers which
control where they can be accessed.
 There are three access modifiers:
 public - the property or method can be accessed from
everywhere. This is default
 protected - the property or method can be accessed within the
class and by classes derived from that class
 private - the property or method can ONLY be accessed within
the class
Example: Access Modifiers
<?php
class Fruit {
public $name;
protected $color;
private $weight;
}

$mango = new Fruit();


$mango->name = 'Mango'; // OK
$mango->color = 'Yellow'; // ERROR
$mango->weight = '300'; // ERROR
?>
Inheritance
 The child class will inherit all the public and protected
properties and methods from the parent class.
 In addition, it can have its own properties and methods.
 An inherited class is defined by using the extends keyword.
<?php
class Fruit {
Example
public $name, $color;
public function __construct($name, $color) {
$this->name = $name;
$this->color = $color;
}
public function intro() {
echo "The fruit is {$this->name} and the color is {$this->color}. <br>";
}
}

// Strawberry is inherited from Fruit


class Strawberry extends Fruit {
public function message() {
echo "I am Strawberry";
}
}
$strawberry = new Strawberry("Strawberry", "red");
$strawberry->intro();
$strawberry->message();
?>

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