Micro project

Case study on Waterproofing

Materials

GROUP LEADER- GIRASE RUCHIKA LALSING

Programme Name and Code: CE2I Academic Year : 2020-2021

Course Name and Code: CMA (22204) Semester : Second

A STUDY ON

Case study on Water Proofing Materials

MICRO PROJECT REPORT

Submitted in Feb/March 2021 by the FYCE student
Roll
Sr. No Enrollment Seat No
Full name of Student
No (Sem- No (Sem-2)
2)
1 RUCHIKA LALSING GIRASE 2014750016 354032

Under the Guidance of

Prof. Neha mam

In
Three Years Diploma Programme in Engineering & Technology of
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai (Autonomous)
ISO 9001:2008 (ISO/IEC-27001:2013)

At
1475–V E S ‘S Ahinsa Polytechnic,
Dondaicha.
 MAHARASHTRA STATEBOARD OF
TECHNICAL EDUCATION,
MUMBAI

Certificate
This is to certify that Ms. Ruchika Lalsing Girase.
Roll No: 0 of Second Semester of Civil Diploma Programme in Engineering
& Technology at 1475–Vardhaman Education & Welfare Societies’ Ahinsa
Polytechnic Dondaicha, has completed the Micro Project satisfactorily in
Subject Construction Materials in the academic year 2020-2021 as prescribed
in the MSBTE curriculum of I Scheme.

Place: Dondaicha Enrollment No: 2014750016

Date: / /2020 Exam. Seat No: 354032

Project Guide Head of the Department Principal

Seal of Institute
 …Index…

Sr.no. Title Page No

1 Chapter - 1st - Introduction. 0-1

2 Chapter – 2nd- Literature Review 2-4

3 Chapter – 3rd - Project Description 5-10

4 Chapter – 4th - Working Diagram

5 Chapter – 5th - Advantages & Disadvantages

6 Chapter – 6th - Conclusion

7 Chapter – 7th - References

8 Progress report

9 Evolution sheet. 22
 Abstract

Water seepage is one of the major sources of common building flaws. Seepage leads
to mugginess, erosion of metals, fungus growth and also affects the structural
characteristics of concrete as well as damage attractiveness of the structure. It also
has hostile effect on human fitness by creating hostile condition. If water seepage can
be prevented, almost 90% structure faults can be removed.

Thus, choosing the top system for waterproofing plays a dynamic role in the
protection of the structure. That’s why the study of waterproofing system is very
important. This research paper help to study the waterproofing systems with help of
construction sites case study.

Indexed Terms- adequate, hostile, fungus growth, mugginess, waterproofing system

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CHAPTER NO: - 01

INTRODUCTION

1.1 General

In building construction, mortar bricks, stones and concrete are used as

construction materials. These materials have a tendency to get deteriorated due to
passage of time. Due to cracks and pores formed in these materials used for wall,
plaster, slab, beams and column, water leakage occurs.

This leakage of water is stopped by using water proofing materials. Waterproofing

of a surface is that the treatment of the surface to stop the passage of water like
fresh water or water from one aspect of a structure to the opposite below
traditional pressure. Damp proofing is also a treatment given to the building
components during construction to prevent the entry of moisture in them.

1.2 Water Proofing

This is the process of making a structure water-resistant or impervious to the ingress

of water.Water-Proofing is essential that prevents water from penetrating buildings
also helps to keep the inside areas dry. It helps in reducing the humidity inside the
building, minimizing the damage done to furniture and alike.In areas that experience
high annual rainfall and occasional flooding events, water-Proofing is a must. It’s
important for foundations and basements to be waterproof, especially in areas where
the groundwater table is high.In the case of a high water table, water from the soil is
likely to exeThis may force the water through the cracks, which may result in
structural damages along with moisture-related problems like mildew, mold, and
decay.

During monsoons, we all would have come across water seepages from the walls and
ceilings or dampness in the aftermath of flooding.This is because of poor
waterproofing. By waterproofing your house, you can safeguard your building from

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damage as well as these things inside your house from water and humidity
exposure hydrostatic pressure upon the basement walls and floor.

Waterproofing is the process of making an object or structure waterproof or water-

resistant so that it remains relatively unaffected by water or resisting the ingress of
water under specified conditions. Such items may be used in wet environments or
underwater to specified depths.

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..
CHAPTER NO: - 02

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

In this chapter essential properties of waterproofing materials, various waterproofing

systems use in industry, merits and demerits of the mentioned materials and systems
and how they are developed to suit to the modern construction sector have been
discussed. Furthermore, information of waterproofing materials that were used in this
research with their application methods were presented. Also to check the
effectiveness of waterproofing materials, test for water absorption of concrete
according to BS 1881- 122:1983 was discussed. Finally, related research studies to
investigate the different aspects of waterproofing were discussed in this chapter.

2.1 INTRODUCTION

Waterproofing is an essential requirement of a structure to protect itself from potential

damages caused by water and other chemicals. Waterproofing system is necessary for:

 A durable structure
 Hygienic environment
 Pleasing aesthetic appearance

History of waterproofing dates back to biblical times, where liquid bitumen coatings
were used to waterproof boats. However, in early 19th century, certain methods were
developed by mixing various materials with bitumen to obtain waterproofing
materials. Mainly these types of materials were used to waterproof roofs in those
days. After that certain developments were made to improve the effectiveness of
waterproofing in order to meet the industrial requirements. Then in the 1940s a
membrane type waterproofing material was developed by introducing reinforcing
fibers. Meantime, liquid type waterproofing materials were also developed in Europe
with various developments. Crystalline waterproofing method was also found in
1940s, creating a whole new industry in waterproofing. And in the late 20th century,
flexible waterproofing systems were introduced to the market. This technology
enhanced the durability of waterproofing liquids greatly. So it can be seen that the
waterproofing industry has
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changed vastly during last decades while introducing many products to the
construction industry. Lots of innovations have been introduced to the industry, which
can be used for different applications. Therefore, suitability & effectiveness of
various waterproofing products are yet questionable when their performance is
measured. Essential properties of waterproofing materials must possess the following
properties:

 They should minimize the absorption of water by substrate.

 They should exhibit sufficient bond strength with the substrate to resist the
 outward thrust caused by hydrostatic pressure.
 They should be sufficiently elastic to avoid cracking and leaking.
 Puncture resistance
 Dimensional stability
 Durability when expose to the environmental agents of degradation (wind,
 rain, temperature and UV radiation).
 Waterproof but not vapour proof
 Elongation at rupture
 Tear resistance
 Flow resistance for high temperature
 Good flexibility (especially for low temperature)
 Water tightness

In this literature review, reader can get an idea about the various waterproofing
methods which are used in the industry. Furthermore, suitability and the functionality
of each product are also discussed under this literature review.

2.2 AUTHORS REVIEW

According to Saurabh Borle, Ghadge A.N., that the conventional systems are easy
for usage; but they are inefficient & can be simply crumbled due to variation in
environmental circumstances. as compare to old systems of waterproofing advanced
waterproofing methods like epoxy coating, polymer coating, polyurethane coating and
APP membrane system gives well results but are expensive and hold an excessive
struggle while fitting. Modern coating systems require skilled labors for their
installations. As linked to this, crystalline method has better benefit of striking cracks

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established over a period of time by the reaction of water with crystals. That’s why it
has a better stability.

According to. Soma Anil Mishra, Ar. Prakool Soni, Dr. R. K. Pandit Water
seepage can be a threat to structure.it will leads to various types of issues in structures
like roof leakages, concrete damage, fungus in house. They also conclude that correct
waterproofing treatment is very important to prevent the entry of water inside the
building.

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.
CHAPTER NO: - 03

PROJECT DISCRIPTION

3.1 Introduction

Waterproofing of a surface is that the treatment of the surface to stop the passage of
water like fresh water or water from one aspect of a structure to the opposite below
traditional pressure.

3.2 What Is Water Proofing ?

Waterproofing is a method which prevents water from penetrating your house.

Waterproofing is very important as it helps keep your house dry. It helps reduce
humidity inside the house and thereby protects things inside your house from damage
caused due to humidity or water exposure. It is also important for the veracity of the
building.

3.3 Methods Of Water Proofing

1) Waterproofing with hydrocarbon sheets.

2) Water proofing by suspension coats on the roof and covering it with tiles.

3) Waterproofing with elastomeric paints.

4) Waterproofing with epoxy formulations.

Most of the waterproofing materials area unit on the market in liquid and powder
kind. Integral liquid waterproofing compounds area unit on the market in plastic
bottles of various sizes whereas integral powder waterproofing compounds area unit on
the market in waterproofing boxes or synthetic resin baggage.

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3.4 Water Proofing Materials And Its Use

 Bitumens And Tars :

Water proofing materials based on Bitumens and Tar Binders are sub-divided into:

A. Emulsions And Pastes

Bitumens and tar emulsions are prepared by making a dispersion of bitumen or tar in
water in which emulsion stabilisers like oleic acid acidal etc. are added they are used for
waterproof coatings, for making surfaces hydrophobic, for priming surfaces in
preparation for water proofing.
Bitumen paste : It is prepared from Bitumen, Water and Emulsifier. It is used to protect
water proofing coatings, to prime surfaces before they are insulated, to prepare cold
mastics (acts as a binder).

B. Mastics

They are of 2 types (a) hot and, (b) cold. Mastics are prepared from organic binder and
fillers like lime, talcum, asbestos, dust etc.

a) Hot Mastics : They are preheated before use. For example, Bitumen is heated
160- 180 degree Celcius. They are of four types
1. Bitumen
2. Rubber-Bitumen
3. Tar
4. Petroleum Asphalt
b) Cold Mastics : They are used without preheating at ambient temperatures down
to 50 degree Celcius are heated at 60 degree Celcius before use at lower
temperature
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1. Bitumen
2. Rubber-Bitumen
3. Petroleum Asphalt

C. Roll And Sheet Materials

The roll materials are prepared by impregnating special cardboards with bitumens or tar
compounds. They may be coated (coating of compound of higher melting point and sand)
or non-coated.

I. Coated impregnated roll materials: They include tar bitumen materials, tar
paper and Petroleum asphalt materials.tar bitumen materials are used for water
proof coating.
II. Non-Coated impregnated cardboard roll materials: They consists of
pergamyn and waterproofing tar materials

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D. Sealing Materials

They are used to filing exterior joints between elements of prefabricated structures of
building and installations. They are used as elastic liners and sealing Mastics. Elastic
liners are made by vulcanizing gas-filled rubber. Rubber bitumen izol mastic is prepared
by mixing rubber bitumen binding with rosin and coumarone resin.

 Paints And Varnishes:

They are also used for water proofing. Paint is a substance used as the final finish to all
surfaces and as a coating to protect or decorate the surface. Paint is a pigmented opaque
material that completely covers and hides the surface to which it is applied. Paint is
available in oil-based and water-based formulae.

Varnish is a solution of resin in either oil, turpentine or alcohol. It dries after applying,
leaving a hard, transparent and glossy film of resin over the varnished surface.Varnish is
applied (1) to the painted surface to waterproof it and (2) to the unpainted wooden
surface with a view to brighten the ornamental appearance of the grains of wood.

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3.5 Top 10 Brand Names Of Water Proofing Materials

Company Logo Company Name Company Company

Management Description
Proficient service
provider of
Slabs,Grouting and
AK Waterproofing Asif Khan, Building &
Construction offering
Company Founder
instrumental
assistance in building
and construction
services
One of the reputed
and registered
All India Sajjad Gour, waterproofing
Waterproofing Managing Director companyspecialising
in the use of cement
Company
based waterproofing
treatment and
chemical treatment
The company helps
clients achieve a
Angel Waterproofing Rajesh, Director holistic service
Company through its one stop
solution provision

Endeavors to devise
and deliver best
Atlantis Engineers Anuj Hamilton & quality & cost-
Rahul Kothari, effective sustainable
waterproofing
Co-Founders
solutions in minimum
time coupled with
ongoing innovation
The organisation
Chaudhary A. A. Chaudhary, undertakes repair of
Waterproofing Proprietor the affected areas via
Company in depth technical
analysis with cost
efficient approach
Dr.Fixit offers
Madhukar comprehensive
Dr. Fixit Balvantray Parekh, system solutions for
Chairman Waterproofing a new
home or Repairing an
existing one.

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Promoted and
managed by dedicated
Garg Waterproofing professionals having
Company Sunil Garg, Owner vast experience in the
field of different types
of cement based water
proof systems using
acrylic based polymer
One of the leading
waterproofing
Arun Prakash, contractor and service
Leakproof Owner providers specialising
in diagnosis and
treatment with the
help of special
machines for injection
grouting
A pioneer in the
waterproofing
industry offering
Raja & Raja technology backed
solutions with Zero
Waterproofing Raja Haria, CEO
Breakage and
Alteration Policy to
2100+ projects and
still counting

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CHAPTER NO: - 04

WORKING DIAGRAM

Water proofing

Bitumen and Tars

Emulsions and Paste

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The layout of mastic asphalt waterproofing layer (MAWL) on subgrade

surface of high-speed railway track.

Roll and Sheet Materials

Sealing Materials

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CHAPTER NO: - 05

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

5.1 Advantages Of Waterproofing

 Variety of options
Depending on the level of water damage or owner preference, waterproofing systems
can be installed indoors or outdoors.There are also DIY (Do it yourself) options
available if you don’t want to spent extra for hiring a contractor.
 Property value
Waterproofing increases your house’s value, which is the biggest advantage. This
system prevents unwanted moisture from seeping into your walls, thereby allowing
mold to grow. Mold can impact our health in a negative way. It also prevents damage
caused due to water seepage which can ruin the structural integrity of your home.
Moisture also causes metals to rust and wood to decay. As you know unhealthy living
areas and weak foundations will affect the property value of your house. Also,
waterproofing systems can open up the basement area and thereby increase the utility
of your home’s square footage. This also helps in increasing the value of your house
in the market.
 Water absorption can be decreased.
 Prevents the formation of cracks on the concrete floor.
 The appliance is easy.
 It will increase the lifetime of a solid construction.
 It prevents corrosion of reinforcement.
 Also, prevents dampness inside the building.
 It prevents seepages from the ceiling and walls.
 This reduces the maintenance coast of the building.
 The property value can be increased.
 It supplies a healthy environment, good waterproofing system helps in making
a clear living workspace.

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5.2 Disadvantages Of Waterproofing

 Bitumen-based products soften in summer heat because of the black color &
has restricted life due to solvent evaporation.
 The polyurethane protective coating shouldn’t be very versatile.
 Polyurethane protective coating delays the natural breathing capability of concrete.
 The polyurethane protective coating has a restricted pot life, the impermeable
floor coating permits water to form below the floor coating.
 Cementation waterproofing is the inability to maintain the cracks, which
causes further leakage.

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CHAPTER NO: - 06

CONCLUSION

1. By regularly visiting the construction sites I understood the importance of selection

of experienced contractor for waterproofing work and the execution of waterproofing
work as per prescribed procedure. The chemical selection as per the required site
condition play a vital role in minimizing excessive cost. Beckproof WAC has
excellent waterproofing and protection properties Due to its outstanding adhesion to
construction materials. It should be used as a good waterproofing chemical at
Terraces, Toilet, balconies, chajjas, canopies.
2. Leakages in concrete structures or infrastructures are generally overlooked as minor
problems in the field of construction, but as of recently, leaking in concrete structures
and infrastructure have become more emphasized as a social problem. In addition to
the reduction of property asset values and hygienic problems, continued leakage can
cause a significant reduction of structural durability. In extreme cases of negligence
in maintenance, large infrastructures can collapse. For many types of existing
concrete structures, some form of water is always present, so waterproofing must be
properly installed to ensure the safety, durability, and functionality of the structure. In
concrete engineering, high-quality watertight concrete is often used to prevent
leakage, and waterproof engineering employs the usage of various waterproof
materials to prevent water leakage. However, in reality, the effects of such waterproof
measures are not being properly displayed, and further studies and evaluation are
required.
3. This journal invites authors to publish papers regarding development of successful
waterproofing construction or materials for the protection of concrete structure
roofing and below-grade walls. When it comes to promoting an active discussion on
how to establish a systemized and internationally standard waterproofing method of
concrete structures, we are hopeful that this Special Issue can provide a starting
base for such an academic platform.

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CHAPTER NO: - 07

REFERENCES

1. Saurabh Borle, Ghadge A.N, -Comparative Study of Conventional and Modern

Waterproofing Techniques International Journal of Engineering Research Volume
No.5, Issue Special 1 pp: 32-36, Jan 2016
2. Soma Anil Mishra, Prakool Soni, Dr.R.K. Pandit - Waterproofing systems in
building construction, International Journal of Combined Research &
Development (IJCRD).
3. Zhineng Tong- Research on Waterproof Technology of Construction Engineering
International Conference on Chemical, Material and Food Engineering (CMFE-
2015).
4. Dhiren J Panchal, Nehal H Shah, Chirag R Sindhav, Chaitanya Joshi, Awadhesh
Chauhan -Waterproofing Challenges and Suggested Remedial Measures for High
Rise Buildings: A Case Study, 2015

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Weekly Work / Progress Report

Details of 16 Engagement Hours of the Student

Regarding Completion of the Project
Timing
Sign of
Week Date From Durat
To Work or activity Performed the
No. (Tuesday) (A.M. ion in
(P.M.) Guide
) hours
Discussion and Finalization of
1 10/12/2019 09:00 10:00 01
the Project Title
Preparation and Submission of
2 17/12/2019 09:00 10:00 01
Abstracts

3 24/12/2019 09:00 10:00 01 Literature Review

4 31/12/2019 09:00 10:00 01 Collection of Data

5 7/01/2020 08:00 10:00 02 Collection of Data

Discussion and Outline of

6 21/01/2020 08:00 10:00 02
Content
Rough Writing of the Projects
7 28/01/2020 08:00 10:00 02
Contents
Editing and Proof Reading of the
8 04/02/2020 08:00 10:00 02
Contents

9 11/02/2020 08:00 10:00 02 Final Completion of the Project

Seminar Presentation, viva-vice,

10 25/02/2020 08:00 10:00 02 Assessment and Submission of
Report

Name of the project guide: Prof. N.N. Pawara

Ahinsa polytechnic Dondaicha.

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ANNEXURE-I

Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project

Academic Year: 2020-21 Name of Faculty : Prof. N.N. Pawara

Sem : 2th Program Name and Code: CE2I

Course Name: CMA Course Code : 22204

Name of Students: Ms. Ruchika Lalsing Girase

Title of the Project: Case study on Waterproofing Materials
 COs addressed by the Micro Project:
(A) Execute the contract for civil engineering work
(B)

(C)

 Major Learning Outcomes achieved by students by doing the Project:

(a) Practical Outcomes

 Marks:
Name of Student: Girase Ruchika Lalsing
(A) Marks for Group work:
(B) Marks Obtained by the Individual based on viva:
(C) Total Marks (A+B) =
( )

Signature with Name and Designation of the Faculty Member

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ANNEXURE-II

Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project (Teachers’ Copy)

Academic Year: 2020-21 Name of Faculty: Prof. N.N. Pawara

Sem : 2th Program Name and Code: : CE2I

Course Name: CMA Course Code: 22204

Name of Students: Ms. Ruchika Lalsing Girase
Title of the Project: Case study on Waterproofing Materials

 COs addressed by the Micro Project:

(D) Execute the contract for civil engineering work
(E)

(F)

 Major Learning Outcomes achieved by students by doing the Project:

(b) Practical Outcomes

 Comment/Suggestions about team work/leadership/inter-personal

Communication (If Any):

Marks out of 3 for Marks out of 2 for

Total
Roll performance in group performance in
Student Name Out of
No activity Oral / presentation
5
(D5- Col. 8) (D5- Col. 9)
- Girase Ruchika Lalsing
( )
Signature with Name and Designation of the Faculty Member

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