Physical Aspects of Self

Impact of Culture on Beauty and

Body Image
• The appearance of a person can be an asset or a liability.
• To be beautiful means to enjoy a lot of privileges and
advantages in the society such as gaining more attention from
the people, winning pageants, etc.
• On the other hand, those who are not prevailed with beauty
according to society’s standards may be prone to bullying.
• However, being beautiful is sometimes a liability.
• It is true that beauty is important. Caring for one’s beauty is
very different from altering or modifying it.
Will there be beauty if
there is no sight ?
Achieving Physical Well-being
Eat healthy foods
Maintain healthy lifestyle
Follow proper hygiene
Engage in a daily exercise
Take vitamins and drink fruit juices
Avoid stress
Spend less times in front of computers and
gadgets
Sigmund Freud and the Desire for
Pleasure
• Human being’s need for sex is not of the same level
as the need for oxygen, water or food.
• Sex is not simply for procreation but it is also a
source of pleasure which is an important part of
sexual health.
• According to research, men think about sex far more
women do – 54% of men said they think about sex
everyday or several times a day, whereas 65% of the
women said they think it only a few times a week or
few times a month.
SEX HORMONES
• Testosterone – Male sex hormones
It increase at the age of 12-14 years old
Rapid growth changes happen at the age of 16-
17 years old
• Estrogen & Progesterone – Female sex
hormones
It increase at the age of 10-12 years old
Rapid growth changes happen at the age of 15-
17 years old
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Parts of Male reproductive system
1. Penis - The penis is the male organ for sexual intercourse.
2. Scrotum - The scrotum is the loose, pouch-like sac of skin that
hangs behind the penis. It holds the testicles (testes) as well
as nerves and blood vessels.
3. Testicles - The testicles (testes) are oval-shaped organs that lie in
your scrotum. The testicles make testosterone and produce sperm.
4. Epididymis - The epididymis is a long, coiled tube that rests on the
back of each testicle. It carries and stores the sperm cells that your
testicles create. The epididymis also brings the sperm to maturity
— the sperm that emerge from the testicles are immature and
incapable of fertilization.
5. Vas deferens - The vas deferens is a long, muscular tube
that travels from the epididymis into the pelvic cavity, just
behind the urinary bladder. The vas deferens transports
mature sperm to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation.
6. Prostate gland - The prostate is a walnut-sized gland that
rests below your bladder, in front of your rectum. The
prostate adds additional fluid to ejaculate, which helps
nourish sperm.
7. Urethra - The urethra is the tube that carries pee from
your bladder outside of your body. If you have a penis, it also
ejaculates semen when you reach orgasm.
8. Sperm – the male sex cell.
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
• Ovaries: Ovaries are small, oval-shaped glands that are located on
either side of your uterus. Your ovaries produce eggs and
hormones.
• Fallopian Tubes: These are narrow tubes that are attached to the
upper part of your uterus and serve as pathways for your egg
(ovum) to travel from your ovaries to your uterus. Fertilization of
an egg by sperm normally occurs in the fallopian tubes. The
fertilized egg then moves to the uterus, where it implants into your
uterine lining.
• Uterus: Your uterus is a hollow, pear-shaped organ that holds a
fetus during pregnancy. Your uterus is divided into two parts: the
cervix and the corpus. Your corpus is the larger part of your uterus
that expands during pregnancy.
• Cervix: Your cervix is the lowest part of your uterus. A hole
in the middle allows sperm to enter and menstrual blood to
exit. Your cervix opens (dilates) to allow a baby to come out
during a vaginal childbirth. Your cervix is what prevents
things like tampons from getting lost inside your body.

• Vagina: Your vagina is a muscular canal that joins

the cervix (the lower part of uterus) to the outside of the
body. It can widen to accommodate a baby during delivery
and then shrink back to hold something narrow like a
tampon. It’s lined with mucous membranes that help keep it
moist.
• Ovum: the female reproductive cell also
called the egg cell. Once matured, it unites
with a male sperm to form a fertilized egg.

• Vulva: the external genital organ of the

female. It consists the labia majVulva: ora,
labia minora, mons pubis, clitoris, vestibules
and the vaginal opening.
Erogenous Zones
• It is a part of the body that is highly sensitive and
stimulation of which leads to sexual responses
such as relaxation, fantasies, arousal and orgasm.
• Knowing these zones or “hot spots” is important
for every couple as it would boost sexual
satisfaction.
• Research shows that stimulating these spots may
produce different reactions to the body such as
relaxation of the muscle and the production of the
“feel-good” hormone called prolactin.
 HUMAN
SEXUAL
RESPONSES
1. Excitement – this is when the boy gets
ready for sexual activity. In this phase, males
may experience an increase in heart rate,
muscle tension, increase in breathing,
erection of nipples and penis, tightening of
scrotum and release of pre-ejaculation fluid.
For females, they may experience the
swelling of the clitoris n release of lubricating
liquid.
2. Plateau – during this phase, intensified
breathing, high blood pressure, and
faster heart rate may be experienced as
well as muscle contraction in the face,
feet and hands. For males, testicles are
withdrawn up into the scrotum. For
females, continued swelling of the vagina
is experienced and the clitoris becomes
very sensitive.
3. Orgasm – this is also referred to as the
climax of the cycle. During this phase,
breathing, blood pressure and heart rate are
further intensified. Contraction of the muscles
of the face, feet and hands continues. One or
both are breathing heavily and there is
irrepressible and powerful release of sexual
tension. For males, release of the semen
occurs. For females, muscle contraction of the
vagina is experienced.
4. Resolution – the body gradually returns
to its normal level of functioning. Some parts
of the body return to their original size and
color. It is also during thus phase that
fatigue begins to be felt but the overall
sexual activity is also expected to bring a
sense of biological fulfillment.
Understanding the
Chemistry of LUST,
ATTRACTION and
ATTACHMENT
Lust (Libido or Sexual Drive)
•Characterized by the desire for sexual
gratification which is inherent to every
living organism. For humans, this is
associated with the sex hormones,
testosterone (for males) and estrogen
(for females).
Attraction (infatuation/passionate love)
•Characterized by the intense attention
given to a desired partner. An individual
with a high degree of attraction towards
another person craves for emotional
union with that person. Sometimes,
when one is dominated by passion, one
tends to do stupid and foolish acts.
1.Adrenaline – released by the body for
“fight” or “flight”.
2.Dopamine – ignites an intense rush of
pleasure when released.
3.Serotonin – attributed to “falling in
love” as this hormone makes a person
think of his or her desired partner at
most times.
Attachment (companionate love)
•Characterized by the desire of couples to
stay together. A person who is already
attached to feel comfort and security
from his or her partner. This phase also
includes behaviors anchored on long-
term companionship. This stage is driven
by two major hormones, oxytocin and
vasopressin.
• Oxytocin (cuddle hormone) – is released
during orgasm. The feeling of attachment
becomes more intense after couple has sexual
intercourse.

• Vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone) –

released after sexual intercourse. Scientist
discovered the role of vasopressin in
attachment by studying praire vole, small
creatures (like mice) that form monogamous
bonds like humans.
What turns people
ON and OFF?
The diversity of
Sexual Behavior
Masturbation
• This is a sexual act of stimulating one’s own
genitals done alone by an individual. Both
men and women masturbate although some
studies that men do the act more often than
women do.
Premarital Sex
• This refers to the sexual activities people
engage in outside of marriage. For certain
religions, this is considered unacceptable for
there is a belief that it is only through
marriage that man and woman could partake
in sexual activities.
Marital Sex
• These are the sexual activities that happen
within the bounds of marriage. Sexual
activities within marriage re accepted for
marriage is perceived to be a legal and
symbolic binding of two people who agree to
only be with each other.
Extramarital Sex
• These are sexual activities that married
people engage in with people they are not
married to. Extramarital sex happens among
people engaged in extramarital affairs. This is
considered unlawful and unacceptable in
society for it is practice of infidelity.
Heterosexuality
• As sexual behaviour, heterosexuality
happens between persons of the opposite
sex.

Homosexuality
• Opposite to heterosexuality, homosexuality as a
sexual behaviour refers to sexual attraction and
activities that happen between two persons of the
same sex.
Sexually Transmitted
Disease
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) &
AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)
• A spectrum of conditions caused by being
infected with HIV. HIV is primarily
transmitted through unprotected sex,
contaminated needle exchange blood
transfusion, and during pregnancy. AIDS
refers to the occurrence of specific disease
due to contraction of HIV.
Gonorrhea
• A bacterial infection of the mucous
membranes including the eye, throat,
genitals and other organs. Usual symptoms
in men include the secretion of yellowish-
white fluid from the penis and painful
urination. For women, they may experience
painful urination with discharge,
accompanied by fever, abdominal pain and
pelvic inflammatory disease.
Syphilis
• An infection caused by corkscrew-shaped bacterial
called Treponema pallidium that is transmitted
through direct contact with a syphilitic sore on the
skin. It causes sores on the vagina, anus, rectum,
even on the lips and mouth. Syphilis is transmitted
not only through sexual activity but also by merely
kissing an infected person. Syphilis may leads to
paralysis, crippling, blindness, heart disease, brain
and organ damage, dementia an even death.
Genital Herpes
• Is a viral infection that
causes blisters on the
genitals. It also causes
itching and burning
sensation on the skin.
Unfortunately, there is no
cure for genital herpes, but
there are medications to
reduce its severity and
frequency of outbreaks.
Genital Warts
• Warts caused by the
human papillomavirus
that grows in the genital
or anal area.
Chancroid
• Bacterial infection
that causes sores or
ulcers on the genitals.
Chancroid sores
usually appear at the
end of the penis of
men and on the labia
majora for women.
Pubic lice
• Very small parasites that
infest the genital area
which are primarily spread
through sexual contact.
The parasites are
attached to the pubic hair
and may even be
transmitted with
contaminated clothes,
bedding and other items.
Scabies
• Is a skin condition that is caused
by infestation of tiny mite called
Sarcoptes scabiei. Symptoms of
mite invasion include itching and
rashes. Similar to other mites,
they lay and hatch egg in human
skin. It is usually transmitted
through sexual intercourse and
close body contact. These mites
cannot jump or fly but sharing of
clothes and other washable items
my also lead to their transmission.
 Trichomoniasis
• An infection caused by a parasite
called Trichomonas vaginalis.
Men infected with trichomoniasis
may experience itching, genital
irritation with discharge, and
painful urination and ejaculation.
Women infected with this may
also feel itching, genital soreness
and irritation, painful in urination
with unusual discharge that can
be yellowish or greenish in colour.
Molluscum contagiosum
• Another sexually transmitted
infection caused by molluscum
contagiosum virus.
• It is a skin condition characterized
by small lumps which are pearly-
white or slightly pink. These lumps,
when squeezed, release a white
cheesy fluid. The virus can be
transmitted also through skin-to-skin
contact and through sharing of
clothes and other personal things.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
• It is not sexually transmitted
infection (STI) but a
complication resulting from
STIs especially Chlamydia
and Gonorrhea. Women
infected with PID
experience inflammation of
the uterus, ovaries, and
fallopian tubes. The disease
is caused by bacteria, fungi
and parasites.
Chlamydia
• A sexually transmitted infection caused by the
bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis that do significant
damage to the human reproductive system.
Chlamydia can infect the penis, vagina, cervix, anus,
urethra, eyes, and throat. Females infected with
Chlamydia suffer vaginal discharge with strong smell,
difficulty in urinating, and pain during sexual
intercourse. Males infected with this experience
discharge from the penis, difficulty in urinating and
swelling of testicles.
 Methods of
Contraception
1.It should be safe enough. There should be
no unwanted side-effect for every
individual using the contraceptive.
2.It should be efficient in averting unwanted
pregnancy.
3.It should be simple and easy to use.
4.It should be available at anytime.
Folk Method
1. Postcoital Douche or Douching – douching is a
method used by women to flush out the vagina with a
medicinal solution to remove or destroy the sperm.
After sexual activity, the woman will immediately apply
the solution. Some of the solutions used are water,
vinegar, and other commercially available products.
2. Prolonged Lactation – this technique used by
women is done through breasts feeding their baby for
a longer period prolonged lactation, according to
doctors, helps delay ovulation.
Douching Prolonged Lactation
Behavioral Contraceptives
1. Rhythm method – the rhythm method is a
natural method supported by the Catholic Church.
Couples are enjoined to abstain for a certain
period while the woman is fertile. A greater degree
of reliability may be obtained if the woman will
keep track of her body temperature every
morning. During the menstrual cycle, the highest
recorded body temperature is the time that the
women is most fertile.
2. Ovulation method – this practice makes use
of the observed mucus discharge from the vagina
at the beginning of a woman’s fertile period.
Before ovulation, as long as there is mucus
discharge, it is unsafe to have sexual intercourse.
This is because the mucus is necessary for the
survival of the sperm cells as it nourishes the
semen inside the woman’s body from three to
five days.
3. Withdrawal or Coitus
interruptus – this is a
process wherein the man,
during sexual intercourse,
withdraws the penis out of the
vagina before orgasm.
4. Coitus reservatus – this is
a practice in which the man
withholds ejaculation and let
the erection subside inside
the vagina.
Mechanical Contraceptives
1. Condom – the condom is a
thin material made of rubber
used during sexual activity.
The man wears the condom
on his penis to prevent the
sperm from entering the
vagina. Most doctors usually
recommend the use of
condom to men who are
sexually active to prevent the
spread of sexually transmitted
diseases.
2. Diaphragm – this is a
shallow rubber cup inserted into
the vagina. The diaphragm is
coated with spermicidal cream
or jelly to prevent the entry of
sperm into the uterus. After
intercourse, the diaphragm
should not be removed for at
least eight hours. The
diaphragm can be inserted by
the woman alone without any
assistance.
3. Cervical caps –
these are fitted over
the cervix by a doctor.
Usually, cervical caps
can be worn for a
moth starting after
menstruation up to the
onset of the next
menstruation.
Chemical Contraceptives
1. Vaginal suppositories
and tablets – a
suppository is a small,
bullet-shaped dosage
form containing chemicals
used in destroying the
sperm cells. It is inserted
into the vagina to melt
before sexual intercourse.
2. Contraceptive jellies, creams
and vaginal foams – these are
applied onto the vagina shortly
before sexual intercourse.
Vaginal foams are packaged
with butane propellant in a
bottle or are sold with plastic
applications. These spermicides
immobilize and kill the sperms.
They are effective for an hour
as long as the vagina will not be
douched or washed six hours
after intercourse.
Intrauterine Devices
• It is a small device of
polythelyne plastic or thin
copper wire inserted into the
uterus by a physician. IUD
includes the coil, the loop and
the Cooper T that are used to
avoid pregnancy. IUD has a
nylon trail which can be felt at
the cervical opening.
Pills
• The pill render the women infertile.
She does not need to think about
pregnancy. When taken exactly as
prescribed, the pill is almost 100%
effective. The pill contains hormones
which prevent conception by
inheriting the ovaries from releasing
egg cells.
• Oral contraceptives are powerful and
effective drugs, but they have side
effects on some users and should
not be used at all by some women.
Sterilization
• It is done with comparative ease and is
virtually 100% effective. Sterilization of the
male is achieved through vasectomy and
sterilization of the female is through tubal
ligation.
Vasectomy
• Relatively simple procedure
in which the vas deferens,
the tube through which
sperms are transported, is
tied off or cauterized,
causing the sperm to be
reabsorbed by the body
instead of becoming part of
the semen.
Tubal Ligation
• Major surgical procedure in
which the woman is put under
general anesthesia, a large
abdominal incision is made
and fallopian tubes are cut
and tied off. Ovulation and
menstruation continues as
usual but the ripened egg
cannot enter the uterus.
Instead, it disintegrates and is
absorbed by the body.
Injectable
• One of the latest form of
contraception. This
contraceptive in injected in
a woman to inhibit
ovulation. An injection
usually lasts for three
months.