Humanities and Art It usually refers to the so-called “fine arts” (e.g.

,
graphics, plastic, and building) and to the so-
Appreciation: An Introduction called “minor arts” (everyday, useful, applied, and
decorative arts). It is the process of using our
senses and emotions in making creative activities
(Marcos, 2010). It is a human capability to make
Meaning and Importance of things beautiful (e.g., buildings, illustration,
Humanities designing, painting, sculpture, and Photography)
through the production of his/her imagination
Etymologically, the term “Humanities” is from a depending on the preparation, theme, medium,
Latin word humanus which means educated. It and values used.
refers to the learning of arts such as architecture,
dance, literature, music, painting, theatre, and Significantly, the word artist comes from the
sculpture (Sanches, 2011).They are branches of French word artiste and the Spanish artista,
knowledge that focuses on the human opinions, which means “performer.” It is someone who
and relationships (Machlis, 2003). As a branch of creates art that is merely trades and professions by
learning, the artwork is considered as the material which different people make their livings (Goines,
object while its creativity and appreciation is the 2004).
formal object (Menoy, 2009& Marcos, et al.,
2010). Artist is most often refers to those who create
within a context of the fine arts such as acting,
dancing, drawing, filmmaking, painting, sculpture,
Description of Art Appreciation writing, photography, and music. They are those
who use imagination, and a skill to construct
When we look around, we see a lot of things that works that may be judged to have aesthetic
relate to art. Art can come in the form of many importance. Creativity is a characteristic of an
items such as posters, paintings, portraits, covers, artist that progressed in the extent of his/her life to
and more. People look at art in different ideas that express feelings. These are all processed in three
they want to know more about or may be significant phases namely: Creation of Forms;
studying. Art can shows ideas about the past, what Creation of Ideas; and Creation of the Materials
is currently happening and what may happen in (Sanchez, 2011).
the future. It can also show meaning, love,
boredom, and creativity (Ramos, 2012). Art can a. The Creations of ideas. Artists are
be meaningful because of the colors, shapes, and usually impressionable persons. They used
depictions it can create. their experiences as their basis in the
making of dance, picture, a poem, or a
Art Appreciation is a way to motivate ideas and play or a song. For example, a composer
allows individuals to illustrate their feelings when may write a song on the developing
they viewed an artwork. It helps develops critical romance between a man and a woman, or
and innovative skills in thinking and teaches on the pains of a broken-hearted.
essential qualities in listening, observing, and
responding to multiple viewpoints It also requires b. The Creations of the Materials. The artist
an ability to differentiate what is apparent and uses different materials or mediums to
what is not (Gargaro & Jilg, 2016 and Sanger, give form to an idea. For example, a
2012). painter uses pigments; a sculptor uses
wood, metal or stone; an author uses
The Creation of Arts words; and a composer who uses musical
sounds to determine the notes.
The word “art” is from a Latin arti, which means
craftsmanship, inventiveness, mastery of form, c. The Creations of Forms. There are
skill. It includes literature, music, paintings, diverse forms used by the artists in
photography, sculpture, etc. It serves as an expressing their ideas. It is a medium of
original record of human needs and achievements. artistic expression recognized as fine art.
This form is used to explain the physical
 nature of the artwork like in metal example, are filled with amazing stories
sculpture, an oil painting, etc. about the world most excellent and most
creative people who brought us the
treasures. By looking at a work of art’s
Functions of Arts colors, materials, and symbolism, we can
learn about the story and culture that
From the very beginning, arts have been part produced it in the past.
of human history. It described, defined, and
deepened the human experience. In the 6. Cultural Functions- Art is an articulation
Prehistoric period for example, peoples performed and transmission of new information and
songs and dances to gratify their ancestors. values. Example, when you think of
Likewise, hunters brushed different figures on the Manila, you probably think of Fort
walls of caves to depict their day to day Santiago, Luneta Park, and its world-
experiences. Arts also serve several functions renowned churches, or the famous
which are item outcome to its purpose (Menoy, Intramuros.
2009), namely:
7. Physical Functions- Buildings are
1. Individual Function- The artists perform artistically designed and constructed to
arts because of the passion of their protect their occupants and make their life
respective art forms. A singer presents a inside more meaningful. Architects,
concert for free because of his advocacy Industrial and Graphic Designers, and
and the love of singing. For example, Interior Decorators share responsibility in
Regine Velaquez (Asia’s Songbird) is building environment that balance forms
well-known for possessing extensive vocal and functions.
range.
8. Aesthetic Functions- Any artwork means
2. Social Function- Man associates with beauty. It is visual spice for gracefully
others through his art performance that adorned interiors and can bring out the
arouses social consciousness. Examples of most elegant features of different décor
this association are the choral singing, elements. It reasonably reproduced visual
group dancing, public art exhibits and images which communicate through
other practices. fantastic persuasions and meaningful
words.
3. Economic Functions- Arts are emerging
as a potent force in the economic life of
people assumes an essential role as a direct Purpose of Art
and indirect contributor to state
economies. Example of this is by Creativity or imagination is the primary basis
generating economic vitality in under- of art. Art is created when an artist produces a
performing regions through crafts, stimulating experience that is considered by his
tourism, and cultural attractions. audience to have artistic merit. The artwork is the
visual expression of an idea or experience of an
4. Political Functions- Art provides a forum artist, through the use of a medium (Frank, 2011).
for ideas that will lead to employment, It allows expression of the individuality of the
prestige, status, and power. During artist. Through artistic endeavors, we can share
election period, for example, the what is important to us with others and can learn
candidates created their artworks (poster) about the values of feelings of those sharing art
which expresses their propaganda, agendas with us. Some purposes of art are the following
and political views about making a stable (Marcos et al., 2011).
society.
1. Create Beauty- Art is an expression of our
5. Historical Functions- Art is an essential thoughts, emotions, and intuitions. It is the
technique for information to be recorded communication of concepts that cannot be
and preserved. It serves to document or faithfully portrayed by words alone. The
reconstruct historical figure and events. Artist has considered nature as the
Most arts that are in Museums, for standard of beauty. The example of beauty
 can be in a snowy mountain scene, and the c. Architecture- This form of art provides
art is the photograph of it shown to the us the physical structure we lived. It is
family. a profound expression of human
2. Provide Decoration- Artworks are used to culture in a particular period, and it
create a pleasing environment. It is will endure and outlive us in forms of
intended to beautify things to please and monuments that future generations will
amuse the viewers through its colors and study and strive to understand.
patterns. d. Drawing- This form of art enhances
3. Reveal Truth- Artwork helped to pursue the way we see the world around and
truth and attempted to reveal about how conditions us to capture its details in a
the world works. It is a kind of language two-dimensional medium. This has
that allows artists to send a message to the been a critical element of art
souls of the recipients that help change throughout history and in the
their attitudes, their sensibility, and their contemporary art world.
ethics. e. Photography- This form of art is a
4. Express Values- Arts can illuminate our process of creating portraits by
inner lives and enrich our emotional world. recording radiation on a radiation-
Through arts, the artist will be encouraged sensitive medium, such as electronic
to develop their creativity, challenge, and image sensors or photographic films.
communication skills. It also promotes
self- esteem and wellness. 2. Performing Arts- These arts are those
6. Commemorate Experience- Art serves to forms in which the artists used his/her own
convey the personal experiences of an body, face, and presence as a medium.
artist and record his impression in his Examples of these arts are as follows:
work. a. Theatre (Drama) - This form of art uses
7. Create Harmony- An artist makes use of performers to present the experience of
the composition to put an order in the a real or imagined event before a live
diverse content of his work. audience in a specific place and time.
b. Music- This form of art helps to express
Classifications of Art our mood and feel the way through our
emotions and ideas. Based on a study,
Many changes in the arts took place during different types of music may be suitable
the early modern period. Its classification can be to different moods though classical
on many characteristics, including form, shape, music is still recommended as the most
function, use, or social context. Works of art are calming music option.
classified in many different ways, namely: c. Dance- This form of art is expressed
through body movement which entails
1. Visual Arts- These arts are those forms social interaction, or presented in a
that create works which are primarily spiritual or performance setting.
visual (forms perceived by the eyes). The d. Film- This form of art allows us to
explore the complexities of the human
man can take the beauty of nature through
situation. This is used to work out our
a piece of paper so that other people may emotions, to make history comes alive,
take time appreciating the captured image. science is explained, and literary works
Examples of these arts include: are brought into life.
a. Painting- This form of visual art aims e. Installation Art- The fundamental
to evoke an emotion from the viewers. nature of this form of art is the
It is practice by applying colors or participation of the spectators. In this
other media to a surface with a brush work of art, viewers become active and
or other objects. navigate the work in an environment
b. Sculpture- This form of visual arts that they can experience visually. It also
characterized as the art of representing has the capacity of passing on particular
an imagined or observed objects in information about any significant event
hard materials such as glass, metals, or around the world and interactively
wood in three dimensions. represents documentary issues.
 f. Opera- This form of art helps to tell
stories through music. This is also
Aesthetic Arts and Crafts
performed with a full orchestra
composed of the various musical The Difference between Aesthetic Arts and
instrument sections. In this art form, Crafts
singers and musicians perform a
dramatic work by combining text Aesthetics is from the Greek word eisthesis which
(called a libretto) and musical score. means “perception.” It is a branch of philosophy
g. Stagecraft- This form of art is a devoted to the study of art and beauty used during
technical aspect of theatrical the 18th century by Alexander Baumgarten, a
production. This includes constructing German philosopher. This term also refers to the
and arranging scenery, hanging and principles governing the nature and appreciation
focusing of lighting, the design of of beauty, especially in visual art (Rader, 1979).
costumes, makeup, and procurement of
props, stage management and recording On the other hand, the term “craft” comes
and mixing of sound. from a German word Kraft which means “power”
or “ability.” It usually employed in branches of
3. Literary Arts- These arts centered on the decorative arts or associated artistic practice.
creative writing and other composition It also implies the application of human skills
processes which intended to read. These through the use of a hand. It tends to produce
include prose and poetry (e.g., novels, things for various human purposes, and tend to
short stories, sonnet, ballad, epic, and exhibit their prettiness around a goal external to
essay). the object itself (Dutton, 1990).

The Value of Arts in the Educational System Arts and Crafts started during the 19 th century
in Europe as a design reform and as a social
There are several reasons for the arts to be movement motivated by the William Morris. It
included in an educational system. It is evident involves activities related to making things which
that involvement in the arts has been shown to require a combination of skill, speed, and
help students in their academic, personal, and patience.
social development. Listed below are other details
for this assertion. William Morris who
was born on March 24,
1. Arts are worth studying because it served 1834, in Walthamstow,
to connect our imaginations with the most England was known for
profound questions of human existence. his pattern designs,
2. Arts are always used because it helps to particularly on fabrics, and
present issues and ideas to teach, persuade, wallpapers. As a proponent
and entertain people. of socialist ideals, Morris
3. Arts are integral to every person’s daily believed that a designerP
life because it helps shape our spiritual, should have the skill of
political, economic, cultural, and social any media in producing designs that intricate
environments. intertwining fruit, flower, and foliage pattern. He
4. Arts are refreshing because it offers died on October 3, 1896, at the age of 62 years old
unique sources of enjoyment and it in London, England.
investigates relationships between thought
and actions. Types of Arts and Crafts
5. Arts develop student’s attitudes because it
teaches self-discipline, reinforces self-esteem, Artists may have unique skills and perceptive
fosters the thinking skills and creativity and abilities, but they are also people with needs and
values the importance of teamwork and the motivation to meet those needs. Creating
cooperation. different works of art that are accepted by one’s
audience can lead to an artist’s social acceptance
and recognition. Their works of art have been
Chapter 2 used to create pleasing environments. Arts and
crafts have different types, namely: textile wood, 2. Marquetry- It is the art and craft of
metal, paper or canvass, and plant crafts. applying pieces of veneer (thin slices of
wood) to a structure to form decorative
Textile Crafts. The word textile is from a Latin designs.
phrase texere which means “to braid" or "to 3. Woodturning- It is a form of
construct." These also refer to any craft where woodworking that is used to create
you work with fabric, yarn or surface design. It wooden objects.
uses plant or any synthetic fibers in creating 4. Wood carving- It is a form of
practical or decorative objects. These include the woodworking to form a wooden figure or
following: objects by using a knife or a chisel.
5. Cabinetry- It is a skill in making a box-
1. Cross-stitch- Stitching can also be a form shaped piece of furniture with doors and
of natural pain relief. It is a popular form drawers for keeping various objects.
of counted-thread embroidery in which X- 6. Upholstery- It is the work of building
shaped stitches in a tiled, raster-like cushion and cover furniture.
pattern are used to form a picture.
2. Crocket- It is a process of creating fabric Metal Crafts. These refer to the art of
from yarn, thread, or other material strands executing artistic designs in metal for both
using a crochet hook. practical and aesthetic purposes. These arts are
3. Sewing- It is the crafts of fastening or designed for decorative items or functional objects
attaching objects using stitches made with that are beneficial and useful to us all. These
a needle and thread. works are of bronze, silver, gold, tin, copper, lead,
4. Weaving- It is a fabric production method brass, and iron. These include the following:
in which yarns are interlaced at right
angles to form a fabric or cloth. 1. Jewelry- It is a form of personal
5. Tatting- It is a technique for handcrafting adornments, such as brooches, rings,
particularly in making durable lace which necklaces, earrings, and bracelets.
is constructed by a series of knots and 2. Metal Casting- It is a process by which a
loops. liquid material (bronze, copper, glass,
6. Shoemaking- It is the process of making aluminum, and iron) is poured into a
footwear. mold, which contains a hollow cavity of
7. Lace- It is an openwork fabric, patterned the desired shape, and then allowed to
with open holes in the work, made by solidify.
machine or by hand. 3. Welded sculpture- It is an art form in
8. Macramé- It is a form of textile-making which statue is made using welding
which requires very few tools and just techniques.
some pure knowledge of basic knotting.
9. Millinery- It is the designing and Paper or Canvas Crafts. It refers to an extremely
manufacture of hats. durable plain-woven fabric used for making
10. String art- It is an arrangement of colored backpacks, tents, marquees, and other sustainable
thread strung between points to form an items. These include the following:
abstract geometric design.
1. Bookbinding- It is the process of
Wood Crafts. These refer to a skill that physically assembling a book from some
pertains to the woods, especially in making one's folded or unfolded sheets of paper or other
way through the woods or in hunting, trapping, material.
etc. It also relates to subsistence lifestyles with 2. Card making- It is a hand-made technique
implications of hunting-gathering (Horace, 1906). for producing greeting cards.
These include the following: 3. Collage- It is a technique where the
artwork is made from an assemblage of
1. Carpentry-It is a skilled trade in the different forms, thus creating a new whole.
cutting, shaping, and installation of 4. Origami- It is a Japanese cultural art of
building materials during the construction paper folding.
of buildings. 5. Paper-Mache- It is a composite material
consisting of paper pieces or pulp,
 sometimes reinforced with textiles, bound
with an adhesive. The Principle of Balance. It refers to the
6. Scrapbooking- It refers to a method of symmetry of opposing visual forces. It is created
arranging, preserving, and presenting in a work of art when colors, forms, shapes or
personal and family history in a book textures are combined harmoniously.
form.
7. Rubber Stamping- It is a craft in which The Principle of Movement. It is the way that
some type of ink made of dye or pigment an eye moves throughout a work of art. In this
applied to an image or pattern that carved, work of art, our eye moves up through the pattern
molded, laser engraved or vulcanized, onto in the rippling surface of the water to the two
a sheet of rubber. paddlers. An artist creates a visual movement to
drive the eye to the focal point of the artwork.
Plants Crafts- These refer to skills using
plant parts as the medium. These include the Principle of Emphasis. It refers to the need
following: for an artist to create a focal point within an
artwork. This artistic point is an essential part of a
1. Corn dolly making- It relates to the work of art, and the viewer’s eye should drawn to
making of shapes and figures (known as that area.
‘dollies’) from straw (such as barley, oats,
and wheat). Principles of Proportion. This principle is
2. Floral Design- It is the art of using plant created when the sizes of elements in an artwork
materials and flowers to create a pleasing art are combined harmoniously. The artist usually
and balanced composition. tries to make all of the parts in a composition
3. Pressed flower craft- consists of drying relate logically to each other to depict the human
flower petals and leaves in a flower press form within the proper proportion.
to flatten and exclude light and moisture.
Principle of Rhythm. It refers to the use of
Principles of Understanding Artistic Design visual pattern within a work of art. Models within
and Composition an artwork are created by repeating certain colors,
line or shapes in specific areas. It can also be
Art principles are created by combining art used to form a variety of texture within a work of
elements. Artists utilize organizing principles to art.
develop forms that inform. Among the
fundamental principle of art are harmony, variety, Motivated Functions of Art
balance, movement, emphasis, proportion, and
rhythm. Whether analysing or composing The motivated purposes of art are intentional
artwork, one must have a complete understanding and conscious actions on the part of the artist. Art
of how art principles are created (Elsen, 1981). may bring political change or comment on the life
in a society. It may also convey specific
The Principle of Harmony. When all of the propaganda, or just as a form of communication
elements of art interact well in an artwork, visual (Holly, 2002). Primary motivated functions of
harmony is attained. This is accomplished by arts are as follows:
using similar types of geometric shapes, lines or
colors within a work of art to create a unified a. Art for Acting. Art may pursue to bring
composition. Likewise, using various cool or about a certain emotion, to relax or to
warm colors would help to produce a harmonious entertain the viewer.
work of art. b. Art for healing. Art is utilized by art
therapists, psychotherapists, and clinical
The Principle of Variety. A stable composition psychologists as art therapy. The end
will also demonstrate the principle of variety. It is product is a method of curing, through
accomplished by using differing colors, lines, and creative acts.
shapes within an artwork to make key areas stand c. Art for political change. One of the
out. Artists can use this idea to direct a viewer’s essential functions of the art of the early
eye to a place within the art that he or she wants to twentieth century has been to use visual
emphasize.
 images to bring about legislative
modification.
d. Art for propaganda (Commercialism).
Art is utilized to influence popular ideas
or moods delicately.
e. Art for communication. Art has a goal,
directed toward another individual. For
example, graphic is a form of art for
communication in which the artist
expresses his/her emotions, feelings, and
moods.