INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 06, JUNE 2020 ISSN 2277-8616

Improving Performance Of Microstrip Antenna

Using Dual Feed Line Technique
Syah Alam, Indra Surjati, Lydia Sari, Yuli Kurnia Ningsih

Abstract: This paper proposes new design of square microstrip antenna with dual feed line for improving bandwidth and axial ratio at work frequency of
2400 MHz. To obtained circular polarization with axial ratio ≤ 3 dB and enhanced bandwidth of antenna, dual feed line is used to improve performance of
conventional microstrip antenna. After the simulation process, dual feed line succeed to improved bandwidth of microstrip antenna 131.9 % compared
with microstrip antenna with single feed and provide circular polarization with axial ratio 2.44 dB at working frequency of 2400 MHz compared with the
microstrip antenna with a single feed. This research is very usefull for Wi-Fi application in order to improve the level quality of receiver signal.

Index Terms: square patch, dual feed line, circular polarization, bandwidth.
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1. INTRODUCTION
Microstrip antennas have been developed for wireless
applications because they have compact designs and are also
affordable for fabrication [1]. One of the disadvantages of
microstrip antennas is the narrow bandwidth and low directivity
[2]. To overcome these shortcomings, several techniques can
be used to optimize the performance of the microstrip
antenna. The advantage of an antenna with a wide bandwidth
is that it can be used for a wide range of work frequencies so
that it is more efficient for field implementation, while a high
level of direction is needed for the antenna to produce a good
level of signal reception quality. Several optimization methods
for increasing bandwidth have been described and
investigated include using the coplanar wave guide [3], [4],
proximity coupling [5], [6] and dual feed [7], [8]. Microstrip Fig. 1. Design of square patch microstrip antenna
antennas generally have vertical polarization so that reception
is only limited when the receiver and transmitter are in line of
sight conditions, to produce a high level of signal reception an
antenna with circular polarization is required. Several previous
studies have described several methods for producing circular
polarizations including truncated corner [9], [10], fractal [11],
[12] and dual feed [13], [14]. In this paper, the microstrip
antenna was designed with a square shape and dual feeder to
increase bandwidth and produce circular polarization with axial
ratio ≤ 3 dB at a working frequency of 2400 MHz. Previous
study conducted by [15] showed that the dual feeder
microstrip antenna obtained bandwidth of 42 MHz with an
increase from the conventional design of microstrip antenna
from 0.9% to 1.8 % at working frequency of 2.46 GHz but the
axial ratio is ≥ 3 dB. In addition, the dual feeder method is also
used by [16] to produce circular polarization with axial ratio ≤ 3 Fig. 2. Design of square patch microstrip antenna with dual
dB at working frequency of 2.35 GHz for Systentic Aperture feed
Radar System with narrow bandwidth of 165.4 MHz. In this
paper, dual feeder method is used because it has the After a simulation process with AWR Microwave Office 2009,
advantage of being able to improve bandwidth and produce the optimal dimensions of W and L are 30 mm, the design of
circular polarization so that it is more effective to design the square patch microstrip antenna is shown in Fig. 1. Design of
proposed antenna. The contribution of this paper is produce square patch microstrip antenna shown in Fig. 1 with
designs of microstrip antennas with wider bandwidth and dimensions of ground plane is 50 mm x 50 mm and Lz is 17
circular polarization with axial ratio ≤ 3 dB compared to mm. The design of the dual feed line on the microstrip antenna
previous studies. is done by adding a microstrip line feed that serves to supply
the current of the antenna. The dimensions and position of the
2 ANTENNA DESIGN dual feed line are obtained from the results of optimization and
In this research, the design of conventional microstrip antenna iteration using AWR Microwave Office 2009. The design of the
is square shape using FR-4 Epoxy substrate with a dielectric microstrip antenna with dual feed line shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 2
shown design of dual feed square patch microstrip antenna
constant (r) of 4.3, loss tan (tanα) of 0.0265, thickness (h) of
with dimension of L1 is 9.4 mm, L2 is 23 mm, L3 is 21.9 mm,
1.6 mm.
L4 is 8.1 mm, L5 is 10.3 mm, W1 is 1 mm and Wz is 3.1 mm.

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 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 06, JUNE 2020 ISSN 2277-8616

The effect of adding dual feed microstrip line is improve the

bandwidth and produce axial ratio of square patch microstrip
antenna.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

To obtain the best of simulation results, several iteration is
carried out by adjusting the distance, width and length of the
dual feeder on the proposed antenna. The iteration process is
done by controlling the dimensions of W1, L2 and L3 because
these parameters have the most influence on the simulation
process of the proposed antenna. The iteration process of the
dimension of W1 microstrip line is shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1
ITERARION DIMENSION OF W1 Fig.5. Simulation of VSWR From Iteration Process
Iteration Dimension of W1
Iteration 1 1 mm Fig.3, Fig.4 and Fig.5 show that the dimensions of the width of
Iteration 2 2 mm the feeder W1 of proposed antenna influence the return loss,
Iteration 3 3 mm VSWR and axial ratio of the proposed antenna. By controlling
the dimensions W1, work frequency and axial ratio of antenna
From the iteration process shown in Table I, the results of are shifting. The overall simulation results in the iteration
simulation of return loss, VSWR and axial ratio of the process of W1 at work frequency of 2400 MHz can be shown
proposed antenna are obtained. Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 shown the in Table 2.
results of simulation of the three iteration that have been
carried out. TABLE 2
SIMULATION RESULT OF ITEATION PROCESS
Parameters
Iteration
Return Loss VSWR Axial Ratio

Iteration 1 -7.29 dB 2.475 2.235 dB

Iteration 2 -15.62 dB 1.4 2.113 dB

Iteration 3 -56.2 dB 1.003 2.184 dB

The simulation results in Table II show that the best value of

return loss ≤ -10 dB and VSWR ≤ 2 is obtained in iteration 1
with the width of the feeder W1 is 1 mm. In iteration 2 and
iteration 3, the work frequency of proposed antena shifting
becomes 2440 MHz and 2500 MHz. This is caused by a
change in the amount of current flowing in the dual feeder of
Fig. 3. Simulation of Return Loss From Iteration Process of the proposed antenna antenna which has an impact on the
W1 propagating wavelength so that the working frequency shifts.
To control the bandwidth of the proposed antenna can be done
by controlling the dimensions of L2 and L3. The simulation
results of return loss from the iteration process on dimensions
of L1, L2 and L3 are shown in Fig. 6 and Table 3.

Fig.4. Simulation of VSWR From Iteration Process of W1 Fig.6. Simulation of VSWR From Iteration Process

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 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 06, JUNE 2020 ISSN 2277-8616

TABLE 3
SIMULATION RESULT OF ITEATION OF W1
Dimension (mm)
Iteration Bandwidth Frequency
L1 L2 L3
1 9.4 22 24 292 MHz 2380 MHz

2 9.4 24 24 295 MHz 2420 MHz

3 9.4 23 24 294 MHz 2400 MHz

Fig. 6 and Table III show that changes in dimensions of L2 and

L3 affect the bandwidth of the proposed antenna. The best
simulation results are obtained in iteration 3 with bandwidth of
294 MHz in the working frequency of 2400 MHz. The results of
the proposed antenna are also compared with an antenna that
uses a single feeder. Comparison of simulation results from
the two antennas can be seen in Fig. 7, Fig. 8 , Fig. 9 and
Table IV. Fig 8. Simulation Result of Return Loss From Single and Dual
Feed Microstrip

Fig.6. Simulation of Return Loss From Iteration Process of L1,

L2 and L3
Fig 9. Simulation Result of Axial Ratio from Single and Dual
Feed Microstrip

TABLE 4
COMPARISON RESULT FROM SINGLE AND DUAL FEED LINE
Parameter Bandwidth
Condition
Return Loss VSWR Axial Ratio
Single
-13.22 dB 1.56 - 127 MHz
Feed
Dual Feed -56.22 dB 1.003 2.44 dB 294 MHz

From the results shown in Fig.7, Fig.8 and Fig.9 can be seen
that the antenna with dual feeder has a better performance
than a single feeder antenna. Table IV shows that the use of
dual feeders succeeded in increasing the return loss from -
Fig.7. Simulation Result of Return Loss From Single and Dual 13.22 dB to -56.22 dB, VSWR from 1.56 to 1.003 at a working
Feed Microstrip frequency of 2400 MHz while the bandwidth also increased
from 127 MHz to 294 MHz. Besides that, the use of dual
feeders also produces circular polarization with axial ratio ≤ 3
dB which is 2.44 dB at a working frequency of 2400 MHz.
From the overall results obtained, it can be concluded that the
use of dual feeders succeeded in increasing the performance
of the proposed antenna. The best value is obtained by
controlling the dimensions of W1, L2 and L3 which cause a
change in the amount of current flowing in the microstrip
antenna which affects the wavelength of the antenna. The
results obtained in this paper are also compared with previous

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 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 06, JUNE 2020 ISSN 2277-8616

studies shown in Table 5.

TABLE 5
COMPARISON RESULT WITH PREVIOUS STUDIED
Parameter
Title Bandwidth
Return Loss VSWR Axial Ratio
[15] -28.85 dB 1.19 - 42 MHz

[16] -30.56 dB 1.10 2.1 dB 165.9 MHz

Proposed
-56.2 dB 1.003 2.44 dB 294 MHz
Antenna

From Table 5, it can be seen that the proposed antenna has a

better performance than the antenna that was investigated
and examined previously. The target of this study is to produce
microstrip antennas with parameter of return loss ≤ -10 dB,
VSWR ≤ 2 and bandwidth ≤ 150 MHz at working frequency of
2400 MHz has been achieved using the dual feeder method.
The current distribution of the proposed antenna at the Fig. 12. Radiation Pattern of Proposed Antenna
frequency of 2400 MHz is shown in the Fig. 10.
Fig.11 shows that the gain of the proposed antenna has
decreased compared to the square patch antenna. This is
because the bandwidth obtained from the proposed antenna is
wider so that it reduces the gain. However, the gain of the
proposed antenna still meets the minimun criteria for this
research. Fig. 12 shows the radiation pattern of the proposed
antenna at a working frequency of 2400 MHz. The red part
indicates that the E plane is perpendicular to the H plane. The
proposed antenna produces a bidirectional radiation pattern
with azimuth centers at 0° and 90°.

4 CONCLUSION
Implementation of dual feeder of microstrip antenna have been
investigated and reported in this paper. The performance of
Fig. 10. Current Distribution of Proposed Antenna proposed antenna have been improved after using dual feeder
method. From the simulation result obtained return loss of -
Fig. 10 shows that the current distribution of the proposed 56.2 dB , VSWR of 1.003 and bandwidth of 294 MHz at
antenna is evenly distributed across the entire patch antenna. working frequency of 2400 MHz. The bandwidth of the
Fig. 11 shows the comparison of the gain of the square proposed antenna has been increased until 131.9%
antenna with the proposed antenna while the radiation pattern compared to the microstrip antenna with a single feed.
of the proposed antenna is shown in Fig. 12. Furthermore proposed antenna also produce circular
polarization with axial ratio ≤ 3 dB which is 2.4 dB at working
frequency 2400 MHz. The future of this research is to verify
the simulation results by fabricating and measuring the
performance of antennas designed in the laboratory.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors wish to express their gratitude to the Department
Electrical Of Engineering, Faculty Of Industrial Technology,
Universitas Trisakti for their support.

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