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Computer Application

About computer

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T̠A̠R̠U̠N̠ M̠A̠N̠D̠I̠
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10 views

Computer Application

About computer

Uploaded by

T̠A̠R̠U̠N̠ M̠A̠N̠D̠I̠
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

TOPIC ON – GENERATION OF COMPUTER

Presented by Tarun Mandi


INTRODUCTION
The history of computer development is often referred to in reference to the
different generations of computing devices. Each generation of computer is
characterized by a major technological development that fundamentally
changed the way computers operate, resulting in increasingly smaller, cheaper,
more powerful and more efficient and reliable devices.
COMPUTER
• A computer is a machine that manipulates data according to a set of
instructions. A computer is a programmable machine that receives input, stores
and provides output in a useful format, they can be constructed out of almost
anything.
FATHER OF COMPUTER
Charles Babbage, a British Mathematics
professor, is regarded as the Father of
Computers. He was born in England in 1792
as the son of a rich banker from Devon. He
was inspired by Napier’s logarithm tables
and Napier’s logs and bones. He began to
design a “difference engine” in 1821 which
was a very large and complicated machine
intended for doing logarithmic calculations
automatically.
FIRST GENERATION – 1940-
1956: VACUUM TUBES
•Used vacuum tubes for circuitry, magnetic drums
for memory, and were often enormous, taking up
entire rooms.
• Very expensive, consumed great deal of
electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was
often the cause of malfunctions.
• Relied on machine language to perform
operations, could solve one problem at a time.
• Input was based on punched cards and paper
tape, and output was displayed on printouts.
• UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of
first- generation computing devices.
SECOND GENERATION – 1956-1963: TRANSISTORS
• Transistors replaced vacuum tubes allowing computers to
become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more
reliable than their first-generation predecessors.
• Still relied on punched cards for input and printouts for output.
Second-generation computers moved from cryptic binary
machine language to symbolic, or assembly, languages, which
a allowed programmers to specify instructions in words.
• High-level programming languages like COBOL and FORTRAN
were used.
THIRD GENERATION – 1964-1971: INTEGRATED
CIRCUITS

• Integrated circuit was used


• Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called
semiconductors, which increased the speed and efficiency of
computers.
• Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted through
keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating system,
which allowed the device to run many different applications at one
time with a central program that monitored the memory.
• Computers for the first time became accessible to a mass
audience because they were smaller and cheaper than their
predecessors.
FOURTH GENERATION – 1971-
PRESENT:
MICROPROCESSORS
• Microprocessor were used
• What in the first generation filled an entire room could now fit
in the palm of the hand
• In 1981 IBM introduced its first computer for the home user,
and in 1984 Apple introduced the Macintosh.
• As these small computers became more powerful, they could
be linked together to form networks, which eventually led to the
development of the Internet.
• Fourth generation computers also saw the development of
GUIs, the mouse and Hand held devices.
FIFTH GENERATION – PRESENT AND BEYOND: ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE

• Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in


development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are
being used today.
• The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial
intelligence a reality.
• Quantum computation and molecular and nanotechnology will radically change the
face of computers in years to come.
• The goal of fifth-generation computing is to develop devices that respond to natural
language input and are capable of learning and self-organization.
CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the evolution of computer generations has significantly


impacted technology, leading to increased processing power, reduced size,
and improved efficiency. Each generation has introduced innovations that
shaped the way we live and work, laying the foundation for the digital era
we experience today.
THANK YOU

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