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BCS301 - Module 1 - Probability Distributions

BCS301 - Module 1 - Probability Distributions

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100 views49 pages

BCS301 - Module 1 - Probability Distributions

BCS301 - Module 1 - Probability Distributions

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Subhash s
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Trosneiity DistRButions . Ranolon Expeatrnenrt Aun Crpuiment tohore cudtome Gunot be Prdiced on olebuntned tn advance & called Janslowr expuincent . Rawdon Vaviable A handom variable & a Atal valucel Gp defivrecl om Sample Space. ies In oO danclonm expuiraunk , ga aol numbu is asotiaked wit evry entioome then it & calleol random variable Wh & alto called chore variable ox Abocherhe variable ue] Ont, tually duno tect by KY The Sk gy all Seal numbue 4 a vondon varable X is tabled wthe 24 X Exe me the experiment douing a cotu dwice Sample spa. S= (HH, HT TH, rf Le k sepacicuk muuber ¥ beaks obtained and fF each dukome, the Values Ore : x(He) 22 xWF)E1 X(tH= 4 x(rT) =0 X taku the Value 2,140 Typ of Rawdon Variables 1. Diserbe Ranclour Vareable A disarcte random variable fs One Whi Cn Ahume Onkey fsoloked valuu Exrs Numba of dhe Prscnk a Manabi phone calle Azcceed ad. Condtnuons Random Variable A toutinuont fandom vawable one whith tan akume any Value tf a Citain tukervat. Ex= 4. Hesphk of Abideut in clare a. Weghe 4 books . Disercte probability distaibukion Lit ¥ be a disaele dandom variable loli tater the Value Ky Gy, - My borHh Probabilities pe b spa bale hot © EO pA wh H © 2b fapy ape t The sh [Pow] = Epo) pou)... Fw Acferd to as disccte Probability click usbubron + The don Pix) ts colleck Probability density poten (Pde f) on ‘Probability mass pockon + Flx)= P(xen) = 2 Fo, hue x i any tabeper & colled Cumulabive cist atbutvon fasdoon ( 4p) Minn anol Varrance + The mean of a yondon variable X is alto cabled the txpeckabon G* denoted. 4 E(x) = He EMP Crakk + The Vawance 4 X, denoteot, by VO) is Aenash by Ve Sxe por ye + Standard dewabion (er) dhe now- iad numb m= W Note: V2 -* Probluons : The Probability density as P(x) 44 Variable X ts i 4 the felloros dable : a ot2rw 3s 4 5 6 POX) tk ae Sk Fe AM Ik [Bk (2) Fox wohst vatne yk, dou ter depart a valid Probability distrilaation Aco fine Plren) + P(xes) , P(35) = Pls) + P(e) ek +k = 2he = 2h ig P(3 o = oe ma kay, Thus , Yoo bs Bae minimum Value of k fo dhet Ply 23) > 0.8 2. A dancour Varabe X hax ithe eae Protability ceskacbukion xX :0t 2 $8 4 5 6 + Pie): oO kK 2k 2k Sk kr 2k* Trap Feed dy ok ty Plret) iy Poxae) Us) Placxze) Sola: Given dat Plr) ts a pay we have a p20 for cache xi dy Spe OF K+ re + okt By + THK = loky+9k-t =0 Gok) (ke) = 0 1 Ca oy k= -1 ket at (PF so k 4-1) diy P(x ee) = Plo) + PLY) + P(2) + PCE) + Pla) + PLS) O+F K+ 2k +2k + 3k +k F ekt+ky = By Lh is * Too ~ “60 & P(xze) = 1- P(xed = l- 8 2. 19 Too Too ty) P(3-) = te Peet) = te (Pex) + PLD) = Ae (O10) = [0.2 = O08 AeA face Com te toced Hace aliner «Led X denote Lhe numba 4 head Showing up. Find dhe distachubton % X. Alo find ite man, vacance Gud SMavclad olewation . Sole: Ou dosing a cor 3 dima, dhe Sansple Space is me by Se (aaa, eT Te, TT, THA, THe, Tot, TTT} X denote He numba 4 heads X20 - No beads — Oubtome is TTT- Peo) = 4 X22 - One head - Oubcounes = f HTT IT ‘TTH] - P(xed) = 3 fi 2 - Two beads - Outuomes (HHT, HTH THH] - Plxe2) = 3 & Xe 8 — Trae beads - Outcomes = {aH} — Poena)= R 8 Aucodengly, thy ditateation of x A as piven x: 0 4 29 8 Pd: Lo 2 2B oL Saeco canes Mow Y= Saupi = (oxt) + (tea) +78) + (4) ee en 8 Vowoure WV = Ix pt os caer )+( 4 (sa) + ( (84) te x2) ) = OF By +5 gepege ts = 04s Standard ducation om = Woe WG = He pec 5. Fewk the Ataudad deviabion fe abe poo disercte olistacbubout mes 8B (2 lb 20 (4 i a a a Sins oe RPE By : by 2 os Wx 6 % 20 YG 5 too 2h oY AR ‘ 2M 246 Man Je sup = lt Variance V2 Zatpi - Hf = Mb-W = 20 Standord deucablon = (V = 00 = 6. Let Por) be the Probability function on disete Aandow variable X tohich aMumet Be Valun %),%, %G, Xy duck that : POD = 3 Plxs) = 2P(x)= 4 Play) . Find the Probability distribubion Gud Cumntative PAcbabitity distribution qx Solu: data P= 3p, = 2p; =hp, - Lt ps 3p© py 4p, = Then Pek Sek Pe Kae Re ws fe ey Pye & Ike know Shot Zp kd % ae 4 # 4 bethyet+tut3e ein & x= Bs Probability distribution and Camlab dit sibuhion x Px) FD uw Ag ths % 4fis Whe dts = tbs 2 Ete a ths = DAs We Bhs ape + He oO Binowtal Distaibubion / Bernoulli's Diststbulion, | 4 Pts the ‘probability 4 succes and 9 & the Probability 4 4 atlase dren bre Probability of ‘P bueert onk On! bal & pvr by POD = *y aq Mean ond Variance Mian H= mp Vowenee Ve ™py Standard duwiahion =v = Jape Nokes AL ph sephseaks pustability of succae and 'Y' Acpacrend paobabilely % failure, te have pay ad. Problem : 1. Me ‘probability that a pen manufackuned by a compary worl be abe f& No. 4 12 Such Pur are beara ecacel tthat t the Probability that cy Oakly 2 s9ill be agecive ch) ableatt 2 will be drfective Gi) None will be augective Solu: nztp . Probability 9% apecive “Pe PebcOl a yelp 09 Binomial dstatbubion Plo) = Ma pg" dh Pleractly 2) = P(x=2) = 12¢, ©)’ (0-9)° Eee & P (atlent 2) > doa mow 7 P(xz 2) = I- P(xe2) e 1~ [Prep + ete] zm = [2qes' oa PGES (0a ] = o34t iy Plbome sill be defi) 2 Mase) 2 20 (0-" (0-9)* = o-2924 &. The Probab that a bomb dropped bith Lhe frog & 02. Find ‘ “Pashabitity dhot Out 6 bombs deepped : CO) exactly 2 wll Wit dhe darget & alteadl 3 well Wt da dance Solu: Lak pe probability 4 tok Me Lange = 0-3 2 Gel-p= 08 By Binomial disturbabvon, PO) = Me 9g ™ ttue nae Plo) ~ 66. (03) (08 * © Plennetty 2) Tnz2) = bt, (03) (0-9) = 0.2489 &) Plabteart 3) P(xz3) = Pl2)+ Plu) +P(s) + Plc) = 66:2) (00)? + Cy @2)" = 008142 + 00/536 + 000154 + 0-000064 = 00984 3. Me numba 4 kelephone diner buy at any instant of chime ts a bincnwal vacate with spaobability 0-2. 4 at ah instant 10 fier are Chosen af Yandon, hohrat ic the pachabilety that a 5 fina are busy Gy akmost 2 finer (ey No Liner are fury GV) AU Len ane busy foay + Osbe} + Helos) FF Solu: Hue ne 0. Poor 9420-8 Binomial doctachubion , P(x) = 'c, (0-2) (v.8)°"* dy Plass) = 100, (2 (0-8) = 02642 Gy) Pl akmost 2) = P(ne2) = Ploy + Pl) + PO) = 1¢, (on (ox)? + ¢, (o2y'(os)' + 04, (0.2) (0 sy (icy P(mo Lines busy) Plaze) = 10(, (or) (02)! = 0094 vi Patt Liner busy) Plato) = we, (o-2)° (0-8)? = 02” = QloFy + 012684 40-3019 = 066798 tart atilitiie MON dite ® dluown 8 dimer. Fircl dice Pecboability Anal ‘3° fatte : Sy Exactly 2 Liner CY Aleot once Cy Almost 7 dear 1 Solu: P'~ probability of qutog 3 = PYL=alpe & Hus ne 8 Gi Binowacal dasuiphor PL») = Cy (ey @)" A) exactly 2 dime : Wass) = 842) () = 0:2604 H) Aeast once P(E) = I+ Plrer) = I- Plo) = fe Ge)" @ = 04645 (Hd Abmost F dime P(x2z) = I Plx>7) = ([- 78) = I- aq(tyEy = 0-9999 distachubed Jandonr variable voit mean 2 and 5 hee x be a binontally Standart deveation 2/3 - Find dhe Conetponcieg Probability dewby a Solu: fox btnomtal distsibukion , amped me vipq, “k m2 O Y= © Substituting O a) rge ko ged ae @ Petegehg eg Q@ “PHS Binomial dost atbubion + Px) = ™G Pr q"* = by ey ey * 6 Ik 800 damiltcr pith 5 children tach, how many -fevcclien would be pected to have Gy 3 boys ee 5 qu WY) Stig, 2 02 3 boys W) Aemost 2 galt By assuming usbabikis fr on and gle be ae Sola: N=g00 n=5 P= aababiledy gp baveng Iny = Yh Y= Jaobabiteby bose gt = Alto = Numba ¥ boys Binomial dostaribution , Px) = Wy, 7 qt = 5 AYES = SBT cd) boys Pne3 = >G i 0.325 | For 900 a , 900 XK OSE = 250 | gy 5 gu > 0 bo Plrze) = hay’ = 0035 Fox $00 fomtte, Goo X 0.03125 = 25 (i) Eth 2 OA 8 boi Plaza) + Ploce 3) = By) + 5G (ZY = oaps t0an6 : = Oboe Fox 800 fomite = §00X O62 = Sd0 dy) Abmost 2 0 gal & 5 boy? P(x=5) = 5 Y= 00326 1 giak > boy 9 Px=4) = SC, y= sere 2 gist => 8 bo 9 Plus 3) = 5G ay O30 Platrnost 2 giali) = OBIS 4 OISGIS 4003126 = OS Foa 400 oe = 800% 05 > 4oo H. The following dala arc the ~ t det (nets . Out 4 to on olawp fue ap UL fs Bo Ack 4 hee . ft @ binomial distribution and Calentale the fteoactical pagaenue Xt 0 1 2 8 4 5 6 ¥ 8 4 10 {: 6 2%» 2 b 8 6 0 0 © 0 O Solu: Son Mean Ys Fx 2 04204 5642043420 Laas 2} ~~ 80 But Ye p tue n= (0 N= 80 BUS = wp > ps 0.2145 > Ze lop = oes Binomial distsibabion The) = Me Pg” oe = Wey (0.2198) (02-1828) Theosett cal 4 weney F(x) = 80 Plx) ~ ok = 8-10 (o2tas)" (0-3 825) Flo) = 80+ l0¢, (ou2tas) "(09825)" = 6.38 v4 FCA) = G0- tec, (p.21t8) (o7e2s)1= Mae 2 19 FO) = go. lOc (0.2198) (0-4@25)*= 23. 03 w 2h Fs) = 80. lb, (o-2tas)* (0: 782s) 43 2 Flu) = 8 + Cy (o-2198)" (o7820)'= 96309 F(x) = do- (5 tortas) (078s) = gery 3 Fg) = 3- lol, (0.20a8)° (0-4895)*= Oboe | E(a) = > toc, (o-2tas}t (0-7605)'= BIO F(s) = 80° f0C8 (o-2095)* (0-2¢25) = O01» © F(a) = 80. (Cg (o-2a8)" (oaeas)'= 0 Elio) = 90. (0%, (0.2008)" (0.3825) = ° 1. Quonkeal wEnu Gre! xrO-' 2 8 & 8 pe: z% 44 2 FF 9 9 Fo 9 © © BH cote are ehorseet 100 inet anol the Jollo pot Auaulle pore oblaind- FE a binomwal distathation a Lie data aud calculate sthe sHeoactreal faegnenesee No. beak : 9 | 2 3 4 Freq vaney 5 29 36 25 5 Solus Lb a denote the ne gf heads anol f the tonceparc’ fig weno + Since Abe dala & im the foim ga poqeeney dictsibubin y We Ahole fost Colentote muon He Bx _ 042945) 445 +20 2 —_—— = be t loo “But * Binonwal olixt ibubiou , Ae ep bee n= y pe A ibd - o.4q nO a 7 Y= tp = O51 Binomial dastribukton 2 Pl) = 1G 4 _ = 40, G-4a)* (ost) To calculate Pheorrbleal jag enc F(x) = loo. Pio = (00. 4x (0-49)" (o-si)** nee Elo) = (00. 4Ce(0%9)° (osi)*= 627 Ei) = 100-4, (oua)' (OSI) = ast 2 2¢ FO) = (00. #G (oud (osiy = 2t-4a #37 F)= too. 4G (o-49)* (osi)= 24 2 ah E(uy = 100- %C, (049)! [oss 5 6 sual vencit Are! a f : t 2% 3% 24 ¢ % Wa ate dawple 4 Pass rrswrfactused by a machine, the mean Nubur dyehver fa a Soweple 4 do ts 2. Out 4 (000 suck Samples, hous waa wood be empecked lo Wntain atleast 3 oefeckive pets * Sole: Hae ne do amd mean Ya 2 Binomctal dlictatbubion Por) = "Gp g™™ * [5 yo-% = rc, A) &) bohue % sepacsucds no. 4 Cee Jouts « Platteast 8) = Plazes) = I~ P(x<3) = 1- [e+ et) +°0)] = le ° \20 “a4 yeh l [ree fe) fey + ae) + 206.) ffs = 0-323 Hence Out of tv00 amples , he expecked numbu $ dowplr tet wubatn otteast 3 ecbive posts & l000 x 0323 = 323. fo. Fk a binomial distarbubyon > ys9 1 3 4 5 t:2 14 20 gu 2 8 Bla: Mean Y= Ee =. 28 ogy Bab Honp y pe Shp 3} Too amet set = 0568 muck Aiteibubior J 4= tps 0-432 ee ea) = Fly Gaus) (04a Taco ukte re > FO) =t00 Sty (o.se9)” (ous * F(0) = (00 Slo Gsbe)°(O4R)> = L505 wy F(z Wo SC (o-sce)' (ous FAL 9s 19 F(2)= 00 56 (0.568) (o.¢3:)$ = 2.07 2» 26 F(3)= 100 503 (oscsY’ (oun) = ee way Fu) = too Fly fosea)t 432)! = 2d.4e2 woo F(s) = (00 Sls Conscs)S (o.432)" = Stir an Maoatbical Jattwentitn dat: “O12 3g 4s 2 '0 26 34 22 @ boy Poisson Distacbutron The dixvale platy distabubion % aun feat Kardon varoble X és ipo by : oH yx Pir) = CH ple So 4 side enttont. at q denp Mean and Variance Voriauce = Mean = He up Standard dewiakion 2 H Problent: 1 Tn Probability thet an incliuiduel os a bok seaclion fiom & Cutain tajeckon & 0:00). Using Poison ddirticbubion , dulermine £e Prcbabitity Hak Ok GY $000 individuale, @) eee 3 &) More “Han 2 wil Affe 0 bad geachion Sau: he Faobabilily Wal on tudividuat Auffos a bod teachon © p= 0.001 ate : Sova ples = 3000 Ye mp = 000 x 0.00f = 2 2” Porson Diglaibutvon Px) = ey xt a : al lohet % olenote no. 4 tnoldveduals Aafpuctg ftom bad reaction CO) Crackly 3 i=) = €7 2° gug0y 3i Wi) Moa Bhan 2 Plus2) = IH P(x é2) = t- Pe) +P +00] - Fle feat y gy fey es [ : igen of i 4 2 Given dhat 7 g Hho duct manufactured by @ Jom Magen fecal oa Poisson desliitbubion, tie Paokability kat a box ed 200 ie hos &) no difecbive a HY) OELASE Ore ifecbve e exec 3 dyetve suse ®) 3B on more Afecive es %) beboen 2 aud cae pus Solu: Pretabidy Last a fit Afetlve eps 2 2 2 n= goo "0 Af Mp = 200% 2 =4 A a. Priston Diskribation: WH) = EM yX ty xt at Alhue % olendker numbe % defective Mw © No difechue Poze) = €"4 _ poigg of Oy Atlee One P(xzi) 2 I-Pleed) = 1-P(o) = t-0.0183 = 09917 C5 Enacttiy 3 Paz) = eG? 01953 ft W) 3 04 moae Pixs) = 1-P(x<3) (P{0)+PC.) + Pla)) ei etn [etary ety! +e] of at aia " = 07619 VW) Belween 2 and 4 Peneq) = P(2) + Ps) + Plu) 3. A crlata Mew making machine har a chance | Producing 2 Afectives One Of tooo. Te Burroe Ax packed i boxu 4 00. aad Potion distattubion ts ak the Approninrate Muscbu box tontatinivg no difecbwe Aner @) due Ayecbve Sere too Atfective Suet , Me A Comtegionent 5000 boxes. Solu: Probabilily that a sae ts depeche N= wo S]= mp = 100 x 0.002 = 02 Porson distatbution Px = ety 6°? (o.2)° Pan 2 Tio" 0.002 : x borne Aemareuds no. a feekive SUUDs - cy mo dufechive 2 ae Piao) = ET (0a) ogee of a ca fon 5000 bout, 5000 x 8184 = 4OIRS ~ 4094 a) Dae chive Pez t) Aa (02) oes 7 fox 5000 boxer, 5000 x 0-137 = Bie.sw 8/9 i) Too defertive : or P(nz2) 2 (02) = 001y I Fox 5000 box, 5000 x 0-014 = 81487 w gy Helw a eabada [actory Larning Out sagen blader, Hee is a small clone 0.002 , fr a blade bo be alejective . Mu blader au Supplied tn ackets a U6 Poisson distacbubton , Coleulele the approximate nusube 0 cket Colainn a) no aguiee b c CD dine def ecbve Hy hoo dif eckive blades , wa aad t 10,000 Packebs Solu. Pacbability tok a blade & tie P= 0-002 m= 10 Me mp = tox 0.002 = 0.02 PooKon dhackathbion Mx) = eer . oP (ox i x1 whe 1% denotes no. cbve blades | +4 No dupective -002, Tuve} = € ie = 09802 oO Fox, 000 Jacke = (9000 x 0.4802 dy ue eckive Pret = €°°* (0.03)' = = dorqe A Fox to, 000 Packets = 0,000 x O0IVE = 196 Gil, Tro defeckive Plus 2) = €or) on 2 _ Fox 0,000 Parke = (0,000 x 9.0002 =» = Wgo2 . 5. The mamber | accents mm @ qe de auto drives th a city & a Poisson variable toith mean equal do 3, Out 4 (000 Auch Aatvar , fe approrimalely the Rumbo Aa Lodth, @) Mo aceident CH) more than 3 acids m a fee Sole! Given Beak > Yes K2Ag0 Poison dakatbubtion: Px) e C1 YX 6-3 yx ni. Whe % denotes Rumba + acecclerts dy No accident Vase) = aL 0.0498 ol Que of (000 daivasc 000% 10URS = 44-48% 50 Cy) More than 3 aceddencte Pxod) = Ie Pre) = te [roy + PC) +P(2) +P2)] ete yo 3 3 ey : fe eist, cise a 2] “at ta O} We at 3! = 0.3528 Buk (000 datves, [000X 0.3528 = 352.4% 9 353 6 Arsune Wak Probability of an individual tool min beg killed ha mine acecdent during a a Seal Ure Torvon distatbubror fo calenlate the Packabiity hak te a wilne Cuspleying 200 wtnera there HNL be atleast Que fot atuident eo a yet Solu Pave n= 200 =p 22 t_ = 0-08 = +t 24oo Oita Beareh oo ae a pty 0, Porson dictribubon Px) = ct ae eons (oss) oe Plakteast One) = P(xei) =¥Plo9 I-P(x pix) = 900. €°* (o-s) xT Flo) = 200.e". in ise) FL) = 200. €°* mie 5972 93 FO = 200. @ ‘tes)', 60.653 w Er Flu) = 200." (o.s\" vy a = 03159 wo FG) = 200. eas} _ 4! Theoretical feegnenens ane eo 1 2 3 Flin 6b ote 3 to. FE a Podson distcoutton fr the clata ancl Caleulabe the rearcheal re KL 0 1 2 gy 4:4 3822 4 | Solu: Mean (4) = FR _ 04 set MUH2744 QLQqy, Sti We (5.103 Sts or Poison distaieubion: Rx) = c1y* . OM aad 7 a “a x Thuosshial JM Gutnty FO) = 16 px) = nex oo *(pgawd * 0.4941 0 T 0.43 a Fo) = WE. e aes Wl 4saas € (a) 2 tug, GoM. easel’ : = 6446 FOE te. oo to aaun! Par c er eee Flu) 2 te. eR (.934))" 1 FOV= tte. ¢ (0-924, Pn oye 643 at Torekicoh fequtnecee ant: Be Osa ak Bog tg us ate ted Cond rons Datos lity Diatsibubion. Pox tvuy toukimuout fandom Valtoble x, the sal numb poy te Said Lo be Continuour Paobabtity prnction 0 Paobabicty lenly pm 4 the jor conditions are Sabicfeed : d M2 a ay i Pe) de a . ‘Pao babeloy tok & ae Hur terval (ab) is diptned. an P(asx 2) Dl uming Meu andl Vawance - Solu: Given pa & a polfy te jeltere ns +o» a PH) 20 ay | Pox) dx = | ate From dy) k 20 a) ( qoldu = < 3 [urd = 2 ° k fae ]* =! 3 ° 4 (11-0) eit kegs tL 2a q lx) = x 0£x2 3 0 alserohere ! dy Pxe1) = [ Pode -bo t = [ua - 4 “ol 2a > & Pluss) = fp) da ee - ez 2 8 q 2a | © fy) Peri) = 1- Peel) zsl-1L 2 26 2 ay @) P(xed) = le P(x42) = Ne See 19 23 2 Muon 4 = | pbx) dx -o 3 - | we de 2 4 De u Vauwanee Vo = J X pod dx — JP = ; . eee @) 3 = ot fat _ & = a dx tc ° zu 80 Sardord dusiation — = (Vv = 2a go " ° a 2 6 2A donslom vowable ¥ bar “the pllorieg durity ese Pl) = | ke 340 23 0 Oteworce Evaluate k and fae Cy Plex es) Gy Plner) diy Pla) Sola: Given tiwt Po) wa pdf , ie ame d) Poo 0 & P yade 24 from dy) k>0 pe a \ Poy du =a a f ee de el -3 3 kfepoos 4 fel a & fare aa ai ® ke & 2 a P(tene2) = fro) dx ta, = {% de 2 4 'e Sy : e x « £ J ee 4 3 - fds wel i sy 2a la Vusify hak pbs) dieaad by Pe) = ee X20 0 x40 4 fo, dtlamme diac Pactabitity thot lle voile x have, ba ) ie © density tilt pee in Ha tuteval (1,2). Alto fat be tunmutabive Jaotnbtthy fase FC) Sola: laky T0692 0 n 0 Further { poo du = [told + wa iow Jprtabiteby density frsbon. =f Odx + oa = OF The above to wnditions ie Bak pay wa probabstity teat fusckéon. rn Men 42) = { 96) de te | ede 2 OLE " = 02385 Cumulative Prolabili Ou pee Food = Plw4x) « J P9 du a. fo). | ‘p00 dx o aud then debeumine He mean 4x Sa: Gren that Poy ie @ pay Wilk keo, we have: oy [ pode ea ~ faim re 4 6 feade + lee + [(Ge-bew)ate eft 4 ri 6 276 ‘el, + 2» [a] + «| = ‘el - a (4-0) + 2b (4-2) + bk (6-4) ae (20-1) = 4 2k+ ke 42k -top 22 Sot > ke J 5. Lek % be A Continuont Auvlom Vauable bait diskeibubon Aine by Pex) = [ee O ke % Pixz0) = | Jo) doe Plocxzi) - | P90 dx hove k>o oud Exponudiol Destrtbubinr Lue ot be a kel combank qe Shaw yuo Men the continuous Probability did Nibubion haven the Probab lity density function pean emma ts) a known as txponsntial dsstaibubion ce Ollucrwtse Tee Comes POwcivng Coubinucnt Sandon Variable % & called exponeinhal Vauwake . Mean aud Vaance Mux ye Vowauce yo 1. a SD ela x Problems : ' i an exponud ial variate lott mean 4, tvaluake tte perrg: & PMoexe) G Plus2) diy Plewe x < 10) Slut Mun = 4 Swed H-% Px) = { wy C8® x20 0 eluohue \ dy oc) x © Plo) 2 oe Plxcio) = [+ 0-647 = 01353 be & Plwenen) [aM sel gt to = dO4GG A Aba Cutan thy ua slop , kare buses Autive Pr hour, On an avuase. Adtuauing hat the ame paboren Sucaktive Arrivals be opoatakally ditebuted fost ake Parcbabilie, Wak dia chime bebveen the Arrival 4 duccemive buses *% | Cy Lee 10 minute ch) allel 20 rntanter Solas Given that On an aveage 3 bu arrive te an hour: | 2 Oe an auvuage, He ime behocen Successive arrivals is 20 winuker . | | X20 Ofherwae Wow dhe firme trbewal beboen tucemsive arrivals i, Pleee) = fy oH ts i x00) = ho -% ° J xo ede e IO = Oana tty Pluss) P) me i) x = 7 - ‘ 290) Jue de = Oh = 223) 30 6 The sale Pu day t a showroom & expenente distrbubecl vik. aveaze fale amounting ch F200 and nek ratte 10%» Find dha Probabcle by thot Abe neé pt exceed F 4p gy 2 comecubive af Sola: Salis t exponentinbly distictubed . paseo Coons Px) [008 X20 0 ofaeurde LEA & Hoa Omauné pe Past tox AI =4o > A= F400 P (paopet exceeding ye I-P (Paap £40) = I~ Pleat ¢ 400) sie [e, € Py = O3s3 Thus Hex Probabilthy dit Pagel exer Lho On a tue day = 01353 Te Pasbabilthy Ce en tee floes day = 6.1353)(0-1353) = 0.0133 Noswal Distatbubron. AH omd o— be hoo deal constants Su thal - 0 < Ye 09 and —>0 . Men Le ut tiruout Probability dichurbubion Jor which Poo = a ghey w \ba Aud Lhe WarsPondo the pay. ts colled nommal dict athublor . utinnou yaudon Variable x is called nosmal Vaxcobe Graph. 4, Nouwal cistatbubtOu Ta graph of dine functin, pn) fs a belt Shope wre Onde ts Sy emmnabaseal about Sle fre xe tes called novmal Carve —— — ° J Mian ond Variance Mux = 4 Variance Ve —* SdDee Standard nounal distribution . The woumal dick sthutvon - wld dhe mean Yoo and He SDs | ie tabled Lhe Stordavd noumal distarbubior . 2 b= Loe Zs Van \ \ \ dey : / oat whire X= %=H (Standard normal variake ) . S SKordord nosucl Curve. iz Evatuad tou pee am Cee 2.) Ran en eee eter ee ee 5 P(e sz0. te dezy The mameley qf te atardord normal curve about tty Lint 2=0, dhe Paspedbe, 4 detatte habeguade auc pumg Adult war olbained. . Plmsz sw) = ACen) = Jey de eL (¥ dey & Y44) A220) = ACwc) = os ° + P(xz0) = Alo) = O68 P(-mezaz) = P(-wz) = OS - A(x) * Peyers%) = 2x Plod zen) = 2x A(z) Protenas + ——. é aluake © For the Klandard normal dislutbubion of, @ rawdion vortable Z, 0 fe follosing ©) Pz > 08s) dy (221-9) = 05 — aloes) = 0.5 -A(-a) = OS — 9.9023 = OS - RSS4 = 01997 = 0.0446 @) Plizte1.qu) Gy Pl 0£22 [4s) = P(-v.gy 272194) = A(Luy) { = 2 Ploszeraa) fh. = Onose | = 2. Alaa) / = 2x 04I3¢ = 0:944¢ W) P(ze-3.38) = P(z> 3.38) = 0-5-A(3.35) \ = OS - O46 = 0.0004 Ws Ploy e ze 0-88) = Plogse 2 bes) = Alley) — A(o-¥e) = 0-444 — 0.3106 = 01394 e bat 16 rows) > A (het) 6 Ex & a moamal variate with mute 20 and 60 5, fi fhe Fasbabilitia kaak : Gh mexeho ©) xzus di) [x20f>5 Solu: Given Y= 30 aad = 5. Slowhosd nounal Vawake Z= XH 2 X= 30 Lad 5 G) Pre ex 240) olen x= 26 Zz 2-30. 0.8 3 Wha Xeko Z= 40-202 2 os POcex zug = Pose ze >) = P(-08ezeo0) + P(o zee) = Plozzeod) + Ploe zed) = Alos) + AQ) = 02881 + 04972 = 0.9653 iy P(x >45) Idan Keks 22 45-20. 3 s f. P(xB us) = (223) = OS —Al3) = OS- 0.4486 = 00014 Ch) P(Ax-30f >5) = \- P(tx-3ol £6) — P(ix-20] 46) ” P(-5 £x-30¢ 5) P (30-5 € x-0430 4 5430) = Plosexe 3s) " be have P(Ix-30] £6) = POs tx 236) —@ bohtu KX = 26 Z= 2 -30 X <2 3s Z= 25-30 Plas ¢ x Zac) = P(e Ze!) = 2: Ploe zz) = 2. A) = 2% 0.3413 = Ob286 —@® From @ P(Ix-sof >5) = 1- P(1x-30) £5) = I+ Plas ex 2 as) (4rom @) = 1- 06286 (from @) = 0-393 © Fox fhe wosmal distathuion with mean 2 and standard dewiabion 4, eValuote La flow Paobabi liber ! by Pl-benes) cy Plixted) dr P(Lemes) WH) Plix-a} a1) ©) P(x25) Solu: Given Ye 2 ek. Stordard novral vacate Z= ae . we dy) P(-ce x< 3) token k= -6- on x 2-2 Whee X23 Z= 3-2 _ oe 7 2. P(-64% 43) = P(-2 £z 2028) = PC2<220) 4 P(oez Alors) + Alo) = 0.0989 40.2324 = 0-392) &) P(x-2} >) 1-P(1x-2| 47) oun X21 ZZ E2 poe 7 = Ie P(1ex48) -@ X23 222 2 OE Ie Plog £24 0.28) 7 {= 2- Alors) = I~ O19FG = OBore Y Mx25) = P(z2 0.45) = OS -A(0-7s) 5 ~ 0.2334 = O66 " " " @. TM die 4 on eleckace bulb masnaably ae Lolth, aveas wg 4 200 hours And Standard ceucakion 4 60 howrs . 280 fe Shs mumber of bute hak axe dikely obo Lact ce 1900 aud 2t00 hour. Given dint © Ploezel. 67) = 0-4"S2S Solu: = 2000 - = 0 SNV. Z= x24 _ x- 2000 = pa ps Whe % ie He 4 deckare bulb PC 1900 < X < 2100) When % = [400 z= (990-2000 = -b6t lohen % = 2t00 R= igo 3009 - LCF 60 P (1900 ex <2000) = P(-1.67 atso) Whew X= 21D Zz 2SO-2040 - 1.93 6o P(x> 2160) = P(z>1-83) = OS - A(t @3) = OS - O.4Eg4 = 00336 Ouk 4 ooo Lowpe , numba 4 Jowmnpt bo bara fe more dow 2160 hous = 2000 % 0.0336 = 6%2 © 67 & P(x e 1a80) boken % = [¢S0 Z= 1980 - 00 = bs 60 P(netasd) = P(z<-15) = P(z> ts) = Os -A(ts) = OS- Qr4aa2 = 0.0668 Ouk 4 de0o Loupe, wearer gh Manage oe burn fa tw tan (200 houx = 2000 X 0:0668 = [93.6% 134 a PUIG 2 Xz 2tbo) Wun X= Igo Z= [40-2040 _ _> 60 Hz deo —Z= Doo — 2040 =o ¢o “- P(tA20 eH < 2160) = PLrdze2) uk of 2000 lompe, no. o danape =2xP(oze <2) be Lat behoten (420 and D1g0 hours = 2x AG) = 1000%0-9su4 be Ah hee = 1908-8 » 1909 . = 0-944 6. The 1oeek iu 4 Workes in a tonpauy au normally dist aibued With wean of QE. 700 aud Standard dwviabitr ¥ Q 60. Rud Lea pasha hak Ha totdly wage r a rou Ovaly chosen Worker i dy behoeen 650 and 150. cy mda Howsf Sd Sis a 20, SNWe ZH. v0 Ee fohue © i vouckly me & Pleso cx 450) Wohtn 22650 Z= 660-700 | 0 Whim %=450 2. 350-M0 50 Pose ex casd) = Pl1xzx) zk Plo 450) m P(z71) = 05 -Ali) 0.§ -0-3413 = O158F t @ hea novel ditacbublon, 31% qf dhe theme are udu 4s aud 87% At OvE bh. Ftad the mean aud Slawdard deuiakoun , ques Abok : A(0s) = O14 aud A(t) 2 Our SOW: Lb dunote normal variate a fe Aistatbutton Givens tz of Heme ane tele ks. > Plueas) = 3tZ = Br . O31 100 Given: 87 of Hewat one above bu. > Placa = 8% = £008. 2 Stoudard novwal variate zs %-S whee %= 4S a 4s-4 0 a ke bh Xe u-H _@® Pla zus) = 0-31 P(x> eu) = 0.08 PC z4z%) = 0-31 P(Z? %) = 0.08 OS + A) = O31 Os — A(z) = 0:08 A(z) = 0.31- 0-5 Az) = 0:5 - 0.08 = -d4 = 04D Given A(ds) = 0:14 Given A(tu) = 0-42 ee ee > Gebu Swostituking Z ad % wm Mad @ aa mto= sf bye bu ve — A- 0S chs -@ He tue = 64 —@® Solve @ ond @, Mun 4{= 50 SD = 10 @ te a worl distatbubion, 1% are unde 3s oud 297 are wucl 62, Find dhe mean ad slandard cleuiablor , que Abak A((.22)= 0-29 aud A(bus) = O43, im He Wual notakion. Sola Lit 1 denote Se normal variate and x Hu Alaudard normal variate Ze XH = Given: P(x eas) = 7% = 0:04 P(X<63) = 84% = 0-89 oun weds Ze 35-4 When X= 63 B= CM —@ te. P(z Ba bh 2? Be bys ee Z and Z% itm @ ond @, hugs 35-4 log 2 63-4 = = Hota = as —® H+tas — = 63 —@ Sotuivg eq uatoors Q ad G, Mean He 50.2915 Sp. -— = (0-3391 @ A cukoia wuncbe 4 anbicler Paaarfoukud we a balch wee clacited arto 5B cakagoats auondig He Joma Jubular davadesse, ig dae How 60, betioen 50 and 60 and great Shan 60, \ iis chavackeshc i known © be Woawally distatbubed , ec Le saad avd stavdard deveati, oe bate boy, , 35%, awd SX wouc eee te dese cabs Sour Saw z= %H Glue : P(ness) = 60% P( 504x260) = 35% P(%>60) = 57% Whtn x= 50 Ze 50-4 ao Win 1260, B= 0-4 -B = = Pez) = 6 _ 0. P(2z>%) = sy =5 005 (<2) $a. 6 (2>4) ee OS + Alm) = Ob OS- Al) = d.05 A(x) = 06-0 A(Z) = 0. 5-005 = ol = ous Given Ae vata ficne He able 4 wormed distsrbubion, be have Heo and Ge bes Subshtding fhe valu g Zand 4 te O od ©, 025 2 50-4 165 = 60-4 = = 4+ 02 = 50 —@ Ht bes. — = 60 —6 Solving @ and © wm gt Mow Ue 48.2142 Sp mz Ath Bw aw exariwakion » ¥7 Of Stadews stared Los than 95 munky aud 8Ay shader Seoacd Lt Eran 60 marks find da mean ound standard deueation 4 Ate marks are woamally distaibuted ques diok : P(O A(tinas?) -043 6) Hr Plog zd t2263) = 0-39 3 a(irs6s) = 0.39 -© ef waktons OadO® § ® ad ©, wm qt ZB = 12263 0-5 + A(z) = 0.0% Ke - Wuast oud Substitukivg tc Vana nw O ad © , We hove —bigasa = 35- 1.2263 = 60- KIST Jee] 2263 = 60-4 Ho WAST 2 35 _G H+ es =6o —@ Soteing ® ad G, Men te 44.085 SD = 10534 ® Me an examination daken by $00 candidates, Ue ovrnge and SD a. Marla Oblamed ort ox Aust lox supectively. Ascumning vodeat dixtuibuhox , fend +d) how hove Stored above 607. Woo mot boil Jac 4 50% fed as minimum rraacrles or ‘poring dE) how many Vill Pore Y Go7 i fined ax minimum fox qaning Gry tohak shoud be dla ruininun Prcentore 4 mocks fox panied So frat 250 candidate Sus Solu: Hor Yoko ont - =0 > ch Mhansypne 1 x the Pocerofe es & % marks Siomd by a Student ) dhe conmesponding Stoudord normal vartake Ze XH 2 X40, ' - WT ©) P(x> G0) When "= 60 Z= 60-40 =o. lo - P (roe) = P(z>2) = 05 -Al2) = OS - O-b742 = 90-0228 Aucrdcugly » Be number 4 coudidater (Out of S00) Whos have Lore above Go, & : O.022¢ x SOO =H SIT dy P(X 250) When x2 50 Ze SOMO a Lo - P(xz 50) = P(z>d = Os —AG) 2 OS - 03403 OS Bt Accordingly, y soy & pes aL viniem marks ae Pats, the Wun of Candidates (Out 4 soc) toho Will pox fe: DISet X S00 = 39.38 /49, CH Plx> 49) Wohen aeuo = 40-40 Lo Lo P(x 24d) = MW Z20) = Os Aecadingly , a hoy, fred ot dba nninivaune maarrka Pe perg , tee numba 4 tndidaku (out of 606) whe will Pars hw: OS x S00 = 250. @) Lt my masks be dhe wininuan fox Faxing tb 350 of pe S00 thakuds candidat ox to qu P(xem)= 39 = OF S00 When %2 M ZeM-4O —_@ (zzz) = OF OS - AZ) = OF A(%) = OS- 0-7 = O02 The nowmal Spechahitaty fable shows Shot A(Oss) = 02- 2? Le - OSS Substitde ww O - 05s = Me ko a 10 Me Bus Y gc, Ths 4 asx pod ot fhe minimum marks i (pasting Ha 350 kdudidaker 4 500 wi pam. Proeduve bo we Coluutaton. ' Gosto tu-aqes Plus Mode 1 Prue 3 (Scie Stak) J Pau AC ( tome ont) J Par Stitt L Seek § ( Distaibution) t Rue 2 (8) 4 Enkr Value L Result. a. Casto fr aims Mode 4 $b 1 Pas Shift 3 Puss 2 (0) Srku Vobre NORMAL PROBABILITY TABLE* The Table for the Area : : 1 2 4@ = f oa: = +z fe 2g, oO po oO under the standard normal cuve from 0 to z, for various values of 2, z AQ) z Aj) z AQ) zo Ay 0.00 0.0000 |] 1.00 0.3413 [2.00 0.4772 I|"3.00 gaya 0.05 0.0199 || 1.05 0.3531 |} 2.05 0.4798 |) 3.05 o4og0 0.10 0.0398 || 1.10 0.3643 || 2.10 0.4821 |} 3.10 0.4999 | 0.15 0.0596 |} 1.15 0.3749 || 2.15 0.4842 |] 3.15 0.499 | 0.20 0.0793 |] 1.20 0.3849 |} 2.20 0.4861 || 3.20 0.4993 0.25 0.0987 |f 125 0.3944 | 2.25 0.4878 || 3.25 0.4904 | 0.30 0.1179 |} 1.30 0.4032 |] 2.30 0.4893 |} 3.30 0.4905 | 0.35 0.1368 || 1.35 0.4115 || 235 0.4906 || 3.35 0.4096. | 0.40 0.1554 |} 140 0.4192 || 240 0.4918 |] 3.40 0.49966 045 0.1736 || 145 0.4265 || 2.45 0.4929 || 3.45 0.49972 0.50 0.1915 |} 1.50 0.4332 |} 2.50 0.4938 |} 3.50 0.49977 0.55 0.2088 || 1.55 0.4394 |] 255 0.4946 || 3.55 0.49981 0.60 0.2258 || 1.60 0.4452 || 2.60 0.4953 || 3.60 0.49984 0.65 0.2422 || 1.65 0.4505 || 2.65 0.4960 || 3.65 0.49987 0.70 0.2580 |} 1.70 0.4554 || 2.70 0.4965 || 3.70 0.49989 0.75 0.2734 |] 1.75 0.4599 | 2.75 0.4970 || 3.75 0.49991 0.80 0.2881 |} 1.80 0.4641 || 2.80 0.4974 || 3.80 0.49993 0.85 0.3023 || 1.85 0.4678 || 2.85 0.4978 || 3.85 0.49994 0.90 0.3159 || 1.90 0.4713 || 2.90 0.4981 || 3.90 0.49995 0.95 0.3289 |] 1.95 0.4744 || 2.95 0.4984 || 3.95 0.49996

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