0% found this document useful (0 votes)

6 views

Week 3 - Introduction To Structured Query Language

sql

Uploaded by

Marc Franz Aseo

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

0% found this document useful (0 votes)

6 views

Week 3 - Introduction To Structured Query Language

sql

Uploaded by

Marc Franz Aseo

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 33

INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

WEEK 3:

Introduction to
Structured Query Language
OBJECTIVES:

► Introduce to SQL
► Learn the command in creating
databases
► Learn the command in creating tables
► Learn to change table structures
What is SQL?

► Structured Query Language

► Communicate with databases
► Used to create and edit databases.
► Also used to create queries, forms,
and reports
What is SQL?

► It is the language that you need to

learn for you to be able to create
a database and table, insert
records, update and delete
records.
Table

► A table is inside a database, and the data

are inside the table.
► The database must be created first, then
the table and after you create the table
you can now insert the records.
Table Basics

► A Table is an object
► Database data is stored in Tables
► Each table has a unique name
► Columns have various attributes, such as
column name and data type
► Rows contain records or data for the
columns
7
Introduction to SQL

► SQL functions fit into two broad categories:

► Data definition language
► SQL includes commands to:
► Create database objects, such as tables, indexes, and views
► Define access rights to those database objects

► Data manipulation language

► Includes commands to insert, update, delete, and retrieve
data within database tables
8
Data Definition Language

► Examine simple database model and

database tables that will form basis for
many SQL examples
► Understand data environment
► CREATE, DROP, ALTER
DATABASE DESIGN

studentNumber lastname firstname

A database and a table has its name

For naming a database add db
For naming a table add tbl
Creating Database

To create a new database, you should use the

CREATE DATABASE command which takes the following
syntax:

CREATE DATABASE databaseName;

Ex:
CREATE DATABASE dbStudents;
Check the created Database

show the list of the available databases by

running the following command:
SHOW DATABASES;

If your database is part of the list, hence the

database was created successfully.
Select Database

► For you to be able to use or work on a particular database, you

have to select it from the list of the available databases. After
selecting a database, you can perform tasks such as creating
tables within the database.
► To select a database, you should use the USE command. It takes
the syntax given below:

USE databaseName;

► The output shows that the MariaDB command prompt has changed
from none to the name of the database that has been selected.
► You can now go ahead and create tables within the Demo
database.
Creating Tables

For you to be able to create a table, you must have

selected a database. The table can be created
using the CREATE TABLE statement. Here is the
syntax for the command:

CREATE TABLE tablename

(columnname datatype);
Creating Tables cont’d

Example:

CREATE TABLE tblstudents

(studentNumber int NOT NULL,
lastname varchar(20),
firstname varchar(20),
PRIMARY KEY(studentNumber));
Creating Tables - Rules

► Table and column names must start

with a letter
► They can not exceed 30 characters
► They can not be key words such as
create, insert, select, etc.
Creating Tables - Constraints

A constraint is a rule.
Some examples constraints are:
• unique - no two entries will be the same
• not null - no entry can be blank
• **primary key - unique identification of each row**
• primary keys will be very important to you as your
knowledge of databases progresses
Data Types
Showing Table Structure

To see the structure of any particular table, you

can use the DESCRIBE command, commonly
abbreviated as DESC. It takes the following
syntax:
DESCRIBE tableName;
Week 3 Exercise 1:
Answer the following statements.

1. Create the database. The database name is

dbcitcs.
2. Create the table together with its constraints. The
table name is tblcitcs.
► Fields: Types: Contraints:
studID integer Primary key
lname string Not null
fname string Not null
course string Not Null
yr integer Not Noll
section char Not Null

3. Describe the structures of your table.

Week 3 Exercise 1:
Answer the following statements.

3. Describe the structures of your table.

Altering Table Structures

► All changes in the table structure are made by using

the ALTER TABLE command followed by a keyword
that produces the specific change you want to
make.

► Three options are available:

► ADD, MODIFY, and DROP
Altering Table Structures

► ADD to add a column

► MODIFY to change column characteristics
► DROP to delete a column from a table.
► Most RDBMSs do not allow you to delete a column
unless the column does not contain any values;
► otherwise, such an action might delete crucial data
used by other tables.
Altering Table Structures

► The basic syntax to add or modify columns is:

ALTER TABLE tablename
{ADD | MODIFY}
( columnname datatype [ {ADD | MODIFY}
columnname datatype] );
Adding a Column

► You can alter an existing table by adding one or

more columns.

ALTER TABLE tableName

ADD (columnName dataType);
Changing a Column’s Data
type

► Using the ALTER syntax, you can change the data

type of a specific column by using the following
command:
ALTER TABLE tableName
MODIFY (columnName dataType);

Note: the columnName is the name of the column you

want to change the data type.
Dropping a Column

► You can modify a table by deleting a column.

ALTER TABLE tableName

DROP columnName;
Deleting a table from the
Database

► A table can be deleted from the database using

the Drop table command.

DROP TABLE tableName;

Deleting the Database