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13 views16 pages

OOPwithPythonLecture5 1

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omarmhsen816
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OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

WITH PYTHON
Second Class
1st Semester
Bug-busting checklist

Exceptions

Procedural programing concept

Object Oriented Programming Concepts

Benefits of OOP
BUG-BUSTING CHECKLIST
Sometimes you might think that you’ll never get a program to work, but don’t give up! If
you follow the tips in this handy checklist, you’ll be able to identify most errors.
Ask yourself...
• If you build one of the projects in one of the books and it doesn’t work, check that the
code you’ve typed matches the book exactly.
• Is everything spelled correctly?
• Do you have unnecessary spaces at the start of a line?
• Have you confused any numbers for letters, such as 0 and O?
• Have you used upper-case and lower-case letters in the right places?
• Do all open parentheses have a matching closing parenthesis? ( ) [ ] { }
• Do all single and double quotes have a matching closing quote? ‘ ‘ “ ”
• have you checked the name of the python file that you are currently running?
EXCEPTIONS
Exceptions are errors that crash our programs. They often happen because of bad input or
programming errors. It’s our job to anticipate and handle these exceptions to prevent our
programs from crashing.
age = int(input("Enter your age: "))
print(age)
Enter your age : 25
25

Process finished with exit code 0

Enter your age : abc

ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: “abc"


Process finished with exit code 1
EXCEPTIONS
As a good programmer you should anticipate this situation and handle it like printing
a proper message ..to manage the pervious example use (try……except) as follows:

try:
age = int(input("Age: "))
print(age)
except ValueError:
print("Not a valid number")

Notice that we have to use the same error message that appears (ValueError)
EXCEPTIONS
If we have a mathematical operations in our code like a DIVISION we have to think
about the division by zero error
try:
age = int(input("Age: "))
income = 20000
risk = income / age
print(age)
except ValueError:
print("Not a valid number!")
Enter your age : 0

ZeroDivisionError: division by zero


Process finished with exit code 1
EXCEPTIONS
To manage this error, first copy the Error name then add it to the exception statement

try:
age = int(input("Age: "))
income = 20000
risk = income / age
print(age)
except ValueError:
print("Not a valid number")
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Age cannot be 0")
PROCEDURAL PROGRAMING CONCEPT
 In procedural programming, the program divided into a set of function, so we have
data stored in a set of variables and functions that operate on the data.

f() X

f() X

 This style of programming is very simple and straightforward, but after your programs
grow it will end up with a lot of functions .
 You might find yourself coping and pasting lines of code over and over
PROCEDURAL PROGRAMING CONCEPT
 If you make change on one function, several other functions breaks.

f() f()

f() f()

f() f()

 There is so much interdependence between all these functions, thus, it becomes


problematic
OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMING CONCEPT
 In object oriented programming we combine a group related variables and functions
into a unit, that unit is called an object.
 We refer to variable as property
 and the function as method

Property
f() X
Method

f() X
OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMING CONCEPT
 As an Example we can think in a Car, a car is an object with
 properties such as (make, model, color)
 Methods like (start, stop and move) CAR

Make
Model
Grouping related variables and functions that operates on them into object Color
is called encapsulation
Start()
Benefits of encapsulation Stop()
1- simpler interface (no too many parameters). Move()

2- reuse objects in different parts of a program or in different programs


OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMING CONCEPT
Abstraction
Let us look at DVD player as an object this DVD player has a
complex logic board inside and a few buttons on the outside that
you interact with, you simply press the play button and you don’t
care what happened on the inside, that complexity is hidden from
you. This is Abstraction.
We can use the same technique in our objects, so we can hide
some of the properties and methods from the outside and this gives f() f() f()
us a couple of benefits
1-make the interface of the objects simpler using, understanding an f() f() f()
object with few properties and methods is easer than an objects
with several properties and methods f() f() f()
2- help us to reduce the impact of change. If we made any
changes to the object in the future (changing parameters,
methods or deletion) will not impact the rest of the application
that use that objects
OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMING CONCEPT
Inheritance
Is a mechanism that allows you to eliminate redundant code .
as an example think of HTML element,
All the elements has a common properties like(hidden and inner HTML) and
methods like (click and focus)
Instead of redefining all these properties and methods for every type of HTML
elements we can define them once in a generic object called HTML element
and other objects inherit these properties and methods.
Hidden
inner HTML
_____________

Click()
Focus()

Text Box Select Check Box


OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMING CONCEPT
Polymorphism
Poly means Many, and morph means Shape
In OOP Polymorphism is a technique provides a method of
creating multiple forms of a function by using a single
function name.
Back to the HTML example all these objects have the ability
to be rendered on a page, but, the way each element is
rendered is different from others.
Hidden
In OOP we can implement a render method in each of inner HTML
_____________
these objects. Thus, the render method will behave
differently depending on the type of the object you are Click()
Focus()
referencing.

Text Box Select Check Box


render() render() render()
OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMING CONCEPT
Polymorphism
BENEFITS OF OOP

Encapsulations: Reduce complexity + Increase reusability


Abstraction: Reduce complexity + Isolate impact of changes
Inheritance: Eliminate redundant code
Polymorphism: makes programming more intuitive and easier

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