MODULE 5 POLITICAL AND SOCIAL REVOLUTION POLITICAL AND SOCIAL REVOLUTION — . {At che end ofthe top, the students should be able to . Tr chahee the development of nationalism, statehood and democyy, institution; re 2. appreciate the contributions of people and nations towards the developme, of nationalism, statehood and democratic institution; and 3._understand how new ideas influence the rights of man. A. Specific Objectives At the end of the topic, the students should be able to: analyze the conditions that favored the glorious revolution of England; explain why the glorious revolution was a triumph of democracy; discuss the causes and effect of American Revolution; explain how the old regime of France sparked a political and social upheavs, appreciate the determination of the French to defend their rights; compare and contrast the causes of the Russian and Chinese Revolutions Identify the Russian and Chinese leaders who brought sweeping changesia Russian and China's economy and society. Novawye Content 1. Glorious Revolution: Rise of Limited 2. American Revolution Democracy: Road to American independence 3. French Revolution: Liberty, Equality and Fraternity, 4 5. Russian Revolution: Aftermath of the Russian Revolution Chinese Revolution: Aftermath of the ci aE cx entor The glorious revolution was rea upper and middle class politicians secre og Secretly invited Prince William epee, Grange and his wife Mate Sider daughter of James tl, to become jot Tues of England. William crossed over the Howey vith an army ané occupied London without firing a shot. Kin x aren because nobody supported him Eames took cefuge in Fre Zhe English throne was now declared vacant by the Parliament, and the and to check the abuses of monarchy, °SU2"4 the rights of the people ny ahold Ldeabion Cdtourng) NMOL Soy ean ate “ rajhe United States of America became the most powerful and richest country the 20” century. It started as a European colony and developed as an industrial giant 37/99 On December 16, 1689 the famous Bill of Rights was enacted and Presented by Parliament to civilian and Mary before their coronation. This significant document which safeguarded the people's liberties against tyranny contained the following provisions: 1. The people have the right to petition the monarch to redress of grievances, 2. No excessive bail or fine could be levied accused person and no cruel Punishment could be inflicted on them. 3. No taxes could be collected without the consent of the Parliament. 4. No law could be achieved or suspended by the king, 5. Members of the Parliament had freedom of speech and debate. -1.1.b Significance of the Glorious Revolt The Glorious Revolution of 1688-89 was a highly significant event in world history. First, it_marked the triumph of parliamentary democracy over absolute monarchy. Second, it gave way to the political theory of social contract between rule and subjects. Finally, the Glorious Revolution contributed much to the American and French revolutions at the end of the 18" century. The British ideal of limited government became the revolutionary models. The 1689 English Bill of Rights was incorporated into the 1789 French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the American Constitution. From there it passed to the mainstream of world history, including all Philippine Constitutions since 1935, ny uti the 19" century. 6.2.1.9 Causes of the American Revolution LE ies of Britain The British authorities only wanted to make money out of the New World £0 add to their home treasury and finance their wars in Europe. fateful act required tax stamps on all publications, commercial bills, legal documents and public papers. The hated act aroused the anger of the Americans. To evade paying this and other taxes, American tedere smussied _. sugar, coffee and textiles. They also boycotted British goods in the colonies. 3. Inspiration of natural rights philosophik 4538/99 John Lock ks of philosophers like oe aders adopted the wor championed See rteral rights of men of freedom, limited Bovernmen, social contract and revolution. 4, Representation in Parliamer fave 1 pate American colonies wanted the right to Parliamentan, representation who actually came from the American colonies. In shop n.” their slogan was “no taxation without representat 2.1. woking the Revolution aoa reercon patiets. lacked independence, Patrick Henry urged ‘compatriot at Virginia to make any sacrifice in defense of their rights, “gi me liberty,” he said, “or give me death.” 2. Violent anti-British riots broke out in many cities. In March 1770, the Boston Massacre More dramatic was the Boston Tea Party ‘On the night of December 16, 1773, a group of American patriots, disguised as Indians, crept into the British ships at the harbor and dumped their cargoes of tea into the sea. 3. Incident in Lexington Massachusetts Fighting between a company of 70 Minuteman (American civilian military) alerted by Paul Revere fought 700 Reckcoats (British soldiers). News of the fighting spread like wildfire, and George Washington was appointed commander of the American rebels. © Declarations of independence Leaders at the Second Continental Congress discussing the idea of decres Independence. On July 4, 1776, the historic declaration which was written by Thomas Jefferson was approved by Congress. This historic documen: became '@ model and inspiration for other countries seeking their i dependence. 6.2.1. The Constitution A convention met at Philadelphia, Pennsylvani: i 5 vylvania on 4, 1787 to drs Sonstitution, It was attended by 139 delegates from 12 former colonies Among the prominent delegates ‘(at Constitution), Alexander ‘Washington, After four months of meetin B. the C the delegates on September 47 epee took effect in 1789, we The American Constituti of powers between the Washington became the fi president, ME reed Hamilton, ‘on was finished and signed 0Y S fatified on June 21, 1788 an4 ion estabii a sed jfederal republic, with a separato" resign t¥® aNd judiciary. In 1789, Geors ent and John Adams, the first vic& “varz7 p.3.1 French Revolution The French Revolution (1789-99) was a historic milestone in world history. Far more than the American Revolution of 1776, the French Revolution changed the political order and map of continental Europe b.3.1.0 Causes of the French Revolution 1. Political Cause The absolute rule and extravagance of the Bourbon Kings of France was the two reasons why they hated and despised by their own people. 2. Intellectual Cause The writings of Voltaire, Rousseau, Diderot, Montesquieu and other champions of democracy fanned the revolutionary spirit of the 18 century. 3. Economic cause No people in Europe was more oppressed or taxed by their government as the French in the 18" century. While the king and aristocrats lived in luxury, the poor people had barely enough to eat and were force to pay heavy taxes. b.3.1.b Estate-General When King Louis XVI issued decrees to raise taxes, the Parliament (Body in Paris to register new laws) refused to make them effective unless they had first been approved by the Estates-General, the forever consultative body which was dissolved in 1614. It was composed of the clergy (First Estate), nobles (Second Estates), and commoners (Third Estates). The elected delegates, the commoners brought a list of grievances (cahiers) against the government. Their leading delegates were Count Mirabeau and ‘Alobe Sieves, who belong to the nobility but had been elected by the people to represent them. b.3.1.¢ The Tennis Court Oath Since the other two groups-nobility and clergy- were unable to agree with the commoners, the delegates of the Third Estate took matters into their ‘own hands. On June 17, 1789, the Third Estates proclaimed itself as the New National Assembly, a lawmaking body for France. Three days later, when the King’s troops padlock the session hall, the delegates for the commoners went to the nearby tennis court and took solemn vow not to leave until they had drafted a new constitution for France. This “Qath of the Tennis Court” on June 20, 1789 was the real beginning of the French Revolution. When the King saw the rising strength and determination of the delegates, he gave in. a7‘b.3.1.d Stages of the French Revolution 6.3.4.d.1 June 1789-August 1792 i" This stage had occasional se masses had not yet its full anger ses ten .3.1.0.2 Fall of the Bastille (July 14, 3768) royal prison, called the Basti, ttacke mb ot Jarken despotism. They massacred defenders, ioerated . il prisons ad bummed It to the ground. The fall of the ja le marke a Bloody beginning of the French Revolution. from Paris pies sof ‘ revolution spread throughout the county. Tod, the French People anna celebrate July 14 as “Bastille Day,” France’s day of 1d violence, & bloodshed and violence, by, ursts OF ror was not yet widespreag .3.1.¢. Achievement of the National Assembly - ; As the French people were rising in arms against their voted King and Noble, the National Assembly under Count beau's Leadership achieveq th following: 1. Abolition of Feuddism 2. Declaration of the rights of Man on August 26, 1789 2.1 sovereignty of the people 2.2 equality before the law 2.3 freedom of religion 2.4 freedom of speech and press 2:5 the right of the people to right and liberty 3. Nationalization of the church the clergy’s allegiance to the Pope. 4. Financial Reform Zhe National Assembly confiscated all church Properties, abolished taxe: on domestic trade issued paper money, ' 5. French Constitution of 1791 established a limited monarchy Passed to radical extremist Faris. Finally, the resolutiot starts the 4799 Massacre, and eng ® the “€cutions of the king and SUPE ith the Reign of Terra41/99 6.3.1.9 The Third Stage of Revolution (July 1794. November 1799) It was a period of stagnation, corruption and cynicism The zeal for reform had in France. This staxe, which began with the death of Robesplerre, burned 01 Jat by Napoleon Bonaparte on November 9, 1799. ended with the coup b.4 Russian Revolution The revolution in Russia followed several stages similar ta the French Revolution in 1789. The beginning of the Russian Revolution, March 1917. Soldiers, workers and, students joined in street barricades that ousted Crar b.4.2 Stoges of the Russian Revolution # The first stage of the Russian Revolution began in March of 1917, when crowds. of freezing, starving people protested the harsh conditions in Petrograd (then the capitol) due to war ‘The soldiers refuse to fire on the hungry rioters. Instead, they joined together in forming soviets or council of workers, peasants and soldier On March 15, 1917 Czar Nicholas Il abdicated. He and his family were taken to a village in Siberia and later killed by Bolshevik communist guards on July 16, 1918. . 4.2 Provisional Government b.4.2.8 Power passed into the hands of a provisional government, led by Prince Lvov, and composed of leaders of the Duma (Parliament) and worker of the Petrograd. b.4.2.b In July 1917, the leadership of the provisional government again changed hands, Alexander Karensky in Duma leader, but failed to bring peace. His ouster ended the second stage of the revolution. b.4.2.c On November 7, 1917, Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky and the Bolshevik Party seized power. Pro-communist armed military (Red guard) ‘occupied all public building and arrested all government members but Kerensky escaped. Their slogan of “Peace, land and bread” made them heroes to the soldiers disgusted with the war to the peasants hungry for land, and to the urban folks suffering food shortage. b.4.2.d. Glorious Revolution of Russia The glorious revolution of the communist was really only a coup d'etat caused by the unpopularity and weakness of the Keransky provisional government. Lenin made peace with the Central Powers in March 1918 (The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk}, improved Russia's economy, and suppressed all his enemies, including the anti-communist or White Russians. 4842/99 ji blics (USss f the Socialist Repu R) op ia ,fficially renamed the __ © ig'two chief lieutay ieee . fo: supremacy. i nd Tron, Trotsky and Josef Staleclashed fled into exile. Later, on August 20, 1940, Trotsky was 2552ssinated at, home in Mexico City by a Soviet spy. . ; Under Stalin's leadership, Soviet Russia rapid dina mee a er ‘Owing to its marvelous military, scientific, cultural, and economy ee y, Britain, the United States, 9 ress, was recognized by Germany, Bit Fee eee reso onrinued os 9 totalitarian State ruled by 24 along communist principles. b.5 The Chinese Revolution is (On October 10, 1911, Chinese troops in Wuchang revolted against Manchu rule This was the beginning of the Chinese Revolution, celebrated annually as thy “Double Ten” feast. b.5.1 Dr. Sun Yat-sen & President Yuan Shi Kai A patriot and dedicated his life to the redemption of his humiliated nation Elected president of the Chinese Republic in Nanhing on January 1, 1912. ag disunity in the Chinese rank led to separate government being established. He founded the Koumingtang (Nationalist Party) government, with new headquarters in Canton. President Shi Kai presided over the Chinese Republic with a capital moved te Peking. b.5.2 Provincial Warlord b.5.2.1 Chang Tuo-lin of Manchuria b.5.2.2 Wu Pei-fu of Central China b.5.2.3 Feng Yu-hsian of Northwest China b.5.3 Nationalist Revolution Dr. Sun proclaimed the Nationalist Revolution i to government. He He collaborated the Chinese Communist then ta oi 3! Borodin (a Russian adviser) 2 #tbyen' led) by Russia General Blucher established the fi General Chiang Kai-shek as its first director. In 1924 Dr. Sun laid down the three guiding princi i pee Or un 8 Principles for China: 2. Democracy 3. People’s livelihood rst military academy at Whampon, with43/99 5.3.0 Notionalist vs. Communist ‘On October 16, 1934, the hard pressed communist, numbering about 100,000, Jed by Mao Zedong (Tse-tung), began the famous “Long March” over mountains, plains and river, an epic March of 18 month over 6,000 miles. One half of the Broup (50,000) survived the Long March, but it taught thru discipline, forged strong links in the rank and made them even more popular with the masses. 1.5.3.6 Communist Conquest of the China © Under the military leadership of Marshall Chu The, “Red Napoleon of China,” the Communist armies smashed the nationalist forces on all fronts. ‘+ A beaten Gen. Chiang retreated to the island of Taiwan in December 1949 and installed the Nationalist government. © The people's Republic of China was officially established in Peking with ‘Mao Zedong as Chairman. The Chinese Communist Government was based on the constitution adopted by the First National People’s Congress on September 20, 1954. It established a communist Gictatorship like that of the Soviet Union. The chief executive was the Chairman of the Communist Party by the People’s Republic of China, assisted by the Premier and various ministers. 5.3.6.1 Mao Zedong Policy and Reform ‘Communism was accepted as a way of to centralized and authoritarian system. by the Chinese who were used a. The “Hundred Flowers” Movement Mao relaxed the ban on freedom of speech. “Let a hundred flowers bloom, let a hundred school of thought contend.” He invited the intellectuals and writers to openly discuss the need of the nation and even to criticize the government’s policies but later on __ by the rising tempo of criticism against the communist regime, they had to suppress the movement. b. Second Five-Year Plan (1958-62) The “Great Leap Forward” Communist authorities expected that by boosting the manufacturing industries, China could make a sudden leap from an agricultural to an industrial economy. The result was a terrible mess. Production targets were not realized 5C. Strategies 1 2 3. 4, 10. 11. 12. - Map reading: Locate USSR 44/99 ¢. The Commune e's commune to mobilize China's Mao established PEO | ign. He realized that agricultyy, for food pre mic development. Men 3.5 ina’s econo na ee tpbor brigades. They were p. into Ia i manpower was the key to Chi women were organize’ according to their work uultural Revolution ® on 66 to 1967, China was convulsed by 2 vi oe ‘a as the “cultural revolution.” The aim of this upheaval Kno Western influence. In reality, vement was to wipe out f wos ae Struggle between Mao and Liu Shaogi who was med Red China’s President. Mao realizing the potential strength youth, organized them into. Red Millions of Red Guards plunged the country into chaos. Today, China is communist only in name and in politics. Buy the economy and some foreign policies are becoming capitalist and pro-western. th of millions Of Chinese Red Guarg Reading of the topic. Read the topic. Timeline: Construct a timeline of the events that led to the Glorious revolution England and the Advent of the American Revolution. Discussion: Have a discussion on the topic, No taxation without representation. Dramatization: Choose an event in the Glorious Revolution, America Revolution, French Revolution, Russian Revolution, and Chinese Revolution an have it dramatized by the class. Find out the students’ reaction on the role th would play. Rationalization: Explain why Mao Zedong launched the cultural revolution. Who's who: Prepare a sketch of the personalities of the revolution, Have guessing game after some clues were given. Role Playing: Pretend you were a member of the Third Estate. Act how you wil Analysis: Conduct a comparative anal causes, leadership and results, Matrix: Prepare a matrix showing ing the v i leaders, significant events and results. “olution and thei lysis of the five revolutions based on tt on the m Independent States, %P: entify the New Commonwealth Biographical accounts: Read the bi 5: 0 and Vladimir Lenin, Draw from their beg ot Ma0 Tse-tu them revolutionists, OBFaphies the character sree Karsh ter traits that maD. 5 45/99 Valuing 1. List down the ideals of the five revolutionists. Which of these ideals are still relevant today? 2. Interpret the saying “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity” 3. From the biographies of the great revolutionists, what character traits can you evaluate? Values to be developed: 1. Patriotism, equality, heroism and love for freedom. 2. Respect for rights, freedom, equality, justice, brotherhood and cooperation. 3. Nationalism, loyalty, courage, heroism, respect for right and freedom Evaluation Definition of Terms True or False Matching Type Enumeration Discussion Identification OvewNe Activity to Develop Skills and Deeper Understanding 1. Make a scoreboard of the political revolutions showing who benefited most from the upheavals, 2. Compile quotations from the leaders of the revolution with their corresponding interpretations. 3. Research the following from UN Reports. a. The Economic Status of the Commonwealth of independent States b. The Economic Miracle of China ¢. The Economic status of European d. The Economic status of Russia and America References Curtis, Michael. The Great Political Theories Vol, 1 and 2. New York. Avon Books} 1981 Guillermo, R. et. al. World History. 2004 Edition. |BON book. Perez Marvin. A History of the World. Revised Edition. National Book Store. 1989 Valencia, T.C., et al. Kasaysayan ng Mundo. Quezon City. Phoenix Publishing Hous: Inc. 200747/99 References Sin, Michael. The Great Political Theories Vol, 1 and 2. New York. Avon Books, 1 Guillermo, R. et. al. World History. 2004 Edition. IBON book. Perez Marvin. A History of the World. Revised Edition. National Book Store. 1989 Valencia, T.C., et al. Kasaysayan ng Mundo. Quezon City. Phoenix Publishing House, Ine, 2007 Viloria, E.M., et.al. Daigdig Tungo sa Globalisasyon. Metro Manila. Vibal Publishing Home, Inc. 2003 Vivar, Teofista L., et al., The WORLD: History and Civilization. Quezon City: Vival Publishing House, Inc. 2002. Zaide, Gregorio F. History of the United States. Manila: Red Star Bookstore. 1969 Zaide, Gregorio F., et al. World History. Fifth Edition. Quezon City. All Nations Publishing Co. Inc. 2006