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Operating System

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20 views

Operating System

It's very good pdf

Uploaded by

soniramji709
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Operating System

Operating System Tutorial provides the basic and advanced concepts of operating
system . Our Operating system tutorial is designed for beginners, professionals and
GATE aspirants. We have designed this tutorial after the completion of a deep research
about every concept.

The content is described in detailed manner and has the ability to answer most of your
queries. The tutorial also contains the numerical examples based on previous year GATE
questions which will help you to address the problems in a practical manner.

Operating System can be defined as an interface between user and the hardware. It
provides an environment to the user so that, the user can perform its task in convenient
and efficient way.

The Operating System Tutorial is divided into various parts based on its functions such
as Process Management, Process Synchronization, Deadlocks and File Management.

Operating System Definition and Function


In the Computer System (comprises of Hardware and software), Hardware can only
understand machine code (in the form of 0 and 1) which doesn't make any sense to a
naive user.

We need a system which can act as an intermediary and manage all the processes and
resources present in the system.
An Operating System can be defined as an interface between user and hardware. It
is responsible for the execution of all the processes, Resource
Allocation, CPU management, File Management and many other tasks.

The purpose of an operating system is to provide an environment in which a user can


execute programs in convenient and efficient manner.

Structure of a Computer System


A Computer System consists of:

o Users (people who are using the computer)


o Application Programs (Compilers, Databases, Games, Video player, Browsers, etc.)
o System Programs (Shells, Editors, Compilers, etc.)
o Operating System ( A special program which acts as an interface between user
and hardware )
o Hardware ( CPU, Disks, Memory, etc)

What does an Operating system do?


1. Process Management
2. Process Synchronization
3. Memory Management
4. CPU Scheduling
5. File Management
6. Security

Features of the Operating System


There are many different operating systems, each with unique features. Here, we will
discuss some of the common features of operating systems.

1. Memory Management: An operating system manages the computer's memory,


ensuring each program has enough memory to run properly. It includes
allocating memory to programs, freeing up memory when a program is closed,
and preventing programs from accessing memory that does not belong to them.
2. Process Management: An operating system is responsible for running processes.
It includes creating new processes, terminating existing processes, and managing
operations scheduling to ensure that the computer's resources are used
efficiently.
3. File Management: An operating system manages the file system, which stores
and organizes files on the computer's hard drive. It includes creating, deleting,
and moving files and managing permissions and access to files.
4. Security: Operating systems include security features to prevent unauthorized
computer and resource access. It may consist of user authentication, encryption,
and firewalls.
5. Hardware Management: An operating system communicates with the
computer's hardware, such as the CPU, memory, and storage devices. It allows
the operating system to control and manage the computer's hardware resources.
6. Networking: Operating systems also include features for connecting to
networks, such as TCP/IP networking protocol support and support for wired and
wireless networks.
7. User Interface: An operating system includes a user interface, which allows the
user to interact with the computer. It may consist of a command-line interface, a
graphical user interface (GUI), or a combination.
In conclusion, an operating system is the backbone of a computer, and it plays a crucial
role in managing the computer's hardware and software resources. The features
discussed above are just a few examples of the many features found in modern
operating systems. Each operating system has unique features and capabilities, and the
choice of the operating system will depend on the user's or organization's specific
needs.

Types of Operating Systems


Here, we will discuss some of the most common types of operating systems.

1. Windows: Windows is one of the world's most widely used operating systems.
Microsoft developed and distributed it, used mainly on personal computers and
servers. Windows is known for its user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) and
wide range of software compatibility.
2. MacOS: MacOS is an operating system developed and distributed by Apple Inc.
for its Macintosh line of computers. It is known for its sleek and modern design
and is often favored by creative professionals for its advanced graphics and video
editing capabilities.
3. Linux: Linux is an open-source operating system known for its stability, security,
and flexibility. It is widely used on servers and can also be used on personal
computers. Linux is highly customizable and can be modified to suit an
organization's or user's needs.
4. UNIX: UNIX is a multi-user and multitasking operating system known for its
stability and security. It is primarily used on servers and workstations and is often
used in enterprise and academic environments.
5. Chrome OS: Chrome OS is a lightweight, cloud-based operating system
developed by Google. It is primarily used on Chromebooks, laptops, and tablets
that run on the Chrome browser. Chrome OS is known for its speed, security, and
simplicity.
6. Mobile OS: Mobile operating systems such as iOS, Android, and Windows Phone
are designed for smartphones and tablets. They have different features and
capabilities than traditional desktop operating systems and are optimized for
touchscreens and mobile usage.

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