Complex Analysis 1992
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UPSC Civil Services Main 1992 - Mathematics
Complex Analysis
Sunder Lal
Retired Professor of Mathematics Panjab University Chandigarh
March 1, 2010
Question 1(a) If u = ex(xsinyy cosy), nd v such that f(z) = u+iv is analytic. Also nd f(z) explicitly as a function of z. Solution. See 1993, question 2(b). Question 1(b) Let f(z) be analytic inside and on the circle C dened by |z| = R and let rei be any point inside C. Prove that f(rei) = 2 1
0 2
R2 (R2 2Rrcos( r2)f(Rei) ) + r2 d Solution. By Cauchys integral formula f(z) = f(rei) = 2i 1
C R
f() z d (1) We note that the function
:||=r
f() R2
z
has no singularity within and on C
R
, because f() is analytic within and on C
R
and ( R2
z
)1 is also analytic within and on C
R
as R2
z
lies outside C
R
and thus |R2
z
| > R. therefore R2
z
Thus by Cauchys = 0 (Note that R2 = R R > R|z|, because |z| = r < R, theorem 0=
C R
f() R2
z
d (2) 1
Using (1),(2) we get
f(z) = [ 1 z ] d = 1 2i f()
||=r
[ 1
R2 z
z R2
z
( z)( R2
z
] d = 1 2i
||=r
f() ) ] d f(rei) = 1 2i
||=r
f() [ ( [ zz z)(z R2 R2)
r2 R 2 (Rei rei)(rRei() R2) ] Reiid = 1
2
2i
0
f(Rei) [ r2 R 2 (R rei())(rei() R) ] d = 1
2
2
0
f(Rei) [ r2 R 2 R2 r2 + rR(ei() + ei()) ] d = 1
2
2
0
f(Rei) 1
2
[ 2
0
R 2 r2
R2 + r2 + 2rRcos( ] f(Rei) ) d as required. Question 1(c) Prove that all the roots of z7 5z3 + 12 = 0 lie between the circles |z| = 1 and |z| = 2. Solution. See 2006 question 2(b). Question 2(a) Find the region of convergence of the series whose n-th term is (1)n1z2n1 (2n 1)! . Solution. Clearly Coecient Coecient of the of the (n + n-th 1)-th term term = (2n (2n + 1)! 1)! 0 as n Thus series
n
lim |Coecient of the n-th term|
n 1
= 0. So the radius of convergence of the power
n=1
(1)n1z2n1 (2n 1)! is , i.e. the region of convergence is the entire complex plane. 2
Question 2(b) Expand f(z) = (z + 1)(z + 3) in a Laurent series valid for (i) |z| > 3, (ii) 1 < |z| < 3, (iii) |z| < 1. Solution. (i) |z| > 3. f(z) = ] Since |1
z
1 2 ( z+1 1 z+1 3 ) = 2z 1 [ ( 1+ 1 z )
1
( 1+ 3 z )
1
|<1
3
,|3
z
| < 1, we have f(z) = ]
= 1 [ (1)n 2z
n=0
zn
n=0
(1)n3n zn
n=0
(1)n(1 3n) zn = 1 2z
n=0
(1)n(1 3n) 2 1 zn+1 (ii) 1 < |z| < 3. f(z) = )
1
Since |1
z
2z 1 ( 1+ 1 z )
1
2 1 3 ( 1+ z 3 | < 1,|z
3
| < 1, we get f(z) =
n=0 n=0
(1)nzn 3n = 1 2z (1)n zn 1 6 ] (iii) |z| < 1. f(z) = 1 [ (1)n 2
n=0
zn+1 +
n=0
(1)n+1zn 3n+1 )
1
As |z| < 1,|z
3
1 2 ( 1+z )
1
1 2 1 3 ( 1+ z 3 | < 1, we get f(z) =
n=0 n=0
(1)nzn 3n = 1 2 (1)nzn 1 6 1 ( ) 2
n=0
(1)n 1 3n+1 1 zn
These are the Laurent or Taylor series in the required three cases. Question 2(c) By integrating along a suitable contour evaluate
0
