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NCERT
Solutions
CIVICS
Chapter 5: Understanding Marginalization
Class
8

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 CHAPTER – 5
Understanding Marginalization
❖ EXECISES

Question 1:
Write in your own words two or more sentences of what you
understand by the word ‘marginalisation’.
Answer:
The word ‘Marginalisation’ simply means exclusion from the
mainstream. It is a social process by which certain sections of
the society are confined to lower social standing.
Marginalisation results in a certain minority or lower castes of
the society having a low social status and not having equal
access to education and other resources.
Question 2:
List the two reasons why Adivasis are becoming increasingly
marginalized.
Answer:
Adivasis are becoming increasingly marginalized because of the
following reasons:
(a) People in the society always considered that adivasis are
primitive and backward.
(b) The way of living of adivasis is completely different from
the other people. They wear colourful costumes, strange type of
head gears and have different cultures.
Question 3:
Write one reason why you think the Constitution’s safeguards to
protect minority communities are very important.
Answer:
The Constitution’s safeguards to protect minority communities
are very important because of the following reasons:
(a) Firstly, the Constitution of our country is supreme book of
laws and regulations. The constitution of our country provides
fundamental rights to every citizen of the country.
(b) Also, according to our constitution every citizen has a right
to access to the Apex Court of the country. Communal harmony,
national integrity and uniform development are aimed to be
achieved through these provisions.
Question 4:
Re-read the section on Minorities and Marginalization. What do
you understand by the term minority?
Answer:
The term ‘Minority’ simple means those groups or communities
who are small in number as comparted to those communities
who are large in the number.
e.g.: If we look in our own country than Muslims are in minority
as compared to Hindus.
Question 5:
You are participating in a debate where you have to provide
reasons to support the following statement:
‘Muslims are a marginalized community’. Using the data
provided in this chapter, list two reasons that you would give.
Answer:
Muslims are marginalized community because of the following
reasons:
(a) Firstly, if we look facts than more than 63% of the Muslims
live in Kuccha houses while the percentage of people of
majority is less than the people of minority.
(b) Secondly, we always talk about that India is a secular
country and it is fastest growing or developing nation in the
world but still only 30% of Muslims have access to electricity
which is quite less than those of majority people.
(c) Only 19.4% of Muslims have access to piped water while
25.3% of Hindus have access to it.
(d) If we look the literacy rates by religion wise than these are
lowest for the Muslims according to 2001 census.
Question 6:
Imagine that you are watching the Republic Day parade on TV
with a friend and she remarks. “Look at these tribals. They look
so exotic. And they seem to be dancing all the time.”
List three things that you would tell her about the lives of
Adivasis in India.
Answer:
Three things about the life of adivasis is as follows:
(a) Adivasis still usually shown in the colourful costumes,
headgear and dancing.
(b) They are not a homogeneous population. There are over 500
different Adivasi groups in our country. They are particularly
numerous in states like Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya
Pradesh, Orissa, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and in the
north-eastern states.
(c) Still people have mentality that adivasis are exotic, primitive
and backward caste people.
Question 7:
In the story board you read about how Helen hopes to make a
move on the Adivasi story. Can you help her by developing a
short story on Adivasis?
Answer:
A short story on Adivasis is as follows:
(a) There is a foreign company who has planned to establish a
metal company in the area of Adivasis. For the establishment of
industry these groups are forced to move in very large number to
various area of India. There is a man and his girl, they both have
planned A to make an association after which they will approach
to district authority, state Government and lastly to central
government.
(b) Adivasis under the leadership of this association demanded
three things forest, water and livelihood. After having a long
struggle, Human Rights Commission comes forward and their
demands are accepted. These groups are handed over fairly large
forest-lands, supply of water and also they are given
employment in companies.
Question 8:
Would you agree with the statement that economic
marginalization and social marginalization are interlinked?
Why?
Answer:
Economic and social marginalization are interlinked; this can be
said on the basis of these points:
(a) As discussed in the chapter the minority groups like Muslims
in our country have less access in terms of occupation, houses,
piped water etc.
(b) Muslims have low standard of living as compared to Hindu
as they are working in the unorganized sector. This is because of
lack of education due to which they find it difficult to get both
public as well as private sector jobs.
(c) As they are economically backward, they fail to attain a
higher status in Indian society.
 Intext Question
Question 1:
Explain at least three different reasons why groups may be
marginalised.
Answer:
Three reasons of marginalizing the groups are as follows:
(a) Firstly, these groups are socially and economically
backwards.
(b) Secondly, these groups have no power to oppose the
discrimination.
(c) Third and main point is that these groups are not well-
educated.
Question 2:
Why was Dadu forced to leave his village in Orissa?
Answer:
Dadu was forced to leave the village in Orissa because his land
was captured by the Company holders for mining iron ore there.
Question 3:
In your own city or village, who would you think are the
marginalised groups? Discuss.
Answer:
In my city if I look around then I find the people living in the
slum portions are the marginalised groups as neither they have
the basic living of life nor the basic education to enjoy the rights
given to them by the state.
Question 4:
Can you name some Adivasi communities that live in your
state?
Answer:
Depends on the city where students live. If we look those
students who belong to Delhi, then there is no Adivasi
community.
Question 5:
What languages do they speak?
Answer:
Most of the Adivasis speaks Dravadian language.
Question 6:
Do they live close to the forest?
Answer:
Yes, most of the adivasis live close to the forest which is also
the main reason for their illiteracy and backwardness.
Question 7:
Do they migrate to other regions looking for work?
Answer:
Yes, since most of the Adivasis do not have any permanent sort
of work or job so they move from one place to another in search
of work in order to feed their family.
Intext Question
Question 1:
What metals are important in present-day India? Why?
Answer:
Metals are important in present day India because of the
following reasons:
(a) Metals like iron, steel, aluminum etc. are very important for
the survival as all the infrastructure or development of the
country is directly depends on these metals.
(b) They make up over 80% of all the elements in existence.
They are not only structurally important but are also chemically
important.
Question 2:
Where do they come from? Are there Adivasi populations there?
Answer:
These metals are mined from the ores which are located at
different parts of the country.
Yes, all the places from where metals are mined are mostly
inhabited by the Adivasis. And due to this when industries
emerge in order to extract metals these Adivasis are forcefully
displaced.
Question 3:
List five products that you use at home that come from the
forest.
Answer:
Five products that we get from the forest are as follows:
(a) We get medicines from the forests.
(b) We get gum form the forest.
(c) We get wood from the forest which is used for many
purposes like making furniture, papers etc.
(d) We get food from forests.
(e) We also get sealing wax from forest.
Question 4:
By whom were the following demands being made on forest
land?
● Timber for construction of houses and railways
● Forest land for mining
● Forest land for agriculture by non-tribal people
● Reserved by government as wildlife parks
Answer:
Timber is usually demanded by the railway for the development
of railway lines.
Forest land is mostly demanded by the big industry houses to set
up their industries in a large area.
Forest land for agriculture demands by non-tribal people.
Reserved wildlife parks area demanded by the government of
that state or country.
Question 5:
In what ways would this affect tribal people?
Answer:
This affects tribal people in the following ways:
(a) Due to development of industries adivasis and backwards
people are forced to migrate from their land.
(b) They are indirectly forced to work in the construction sites
and they have no access to the territories of forest.
Question 6:
What do you think this poem is trying to convey?
Answer:
This poem is trying to convey a very serious and emotional
message to us. It is showing the condition of poor adivasis who
are with the greed of good living conditions are persuaded to go
to Assam where their condition become more worse, they are
forced to work, torched on not doing the work and if they want
to run away from there then they are captured by the men of
Babu and again beaten and made to work.
 Intext Question
Question 1:
In your opinion, why is it important that Adivasis should have a
say in how their forests and forest lands are used?
Answer:
The decisions of the government agencies have been directly
affecting the Adivasis. They should have a say in their forest as
they are the people who are associated with the forest for
centuries and hence are directly affected by the decisions taken
by our government regarding forest matters.
Intext Question
Question 1:
Why do we need safeguards for minorities?
Answer:
Firstly, it is important to know the minorities. Minorities are
those which are fairly less in number as compared to other
groups. We need to safeguard the minorities and their culture
because in case if the person of this particular caste becomes
extinct then we also lose their culture, language etc.
Question 2:
Basic Amenities, 1994
Pucca houses: 63.6% of Muslims live in kutcha houses
55.2% of Hindus live in kutcha houses
Electricity: 30% of Muslims have access to electricity.
43.2% of Hindus have access of electricity.
Piped water: 19.4% of Muslims have access to piped water
25.3% of Hindus have access to piped water
Do Muslims have the equal access to basic amenities?
Answer:
No, it is clear from the above facts that Muslims do not have
equal access to basic amenities as more than 63% of Muslims
live ion kuccha houses whereas the percentage of Hindu is quite
less than them.
Question 3:
Literacy Rate by Religion, 2001

All Hindus Muslims Christians Sikhs Buddhists Jains

65% 65% 59% 80% 70% 73% 94%

Which religious group has the lowest literacy rate?

Answer:
Muslims have lowest literacy rate of 59%.
Question 4:
Public Employment of Muslims (percentages)
 Populations IAS IPS IFS Central State Banks
Public Sector PSU & RBI
Unit (PSU)
13.5 3 4 1.8 3.3 10.8 2.2

What do these figures convey?

Answer:
These figures clearly convey that not only basic amenities but
Muslims are lacking behind in every sector of the country.
These figures clearly say that Muslims have very less access in
all the sectors.
Intext Question
Question 1:
Read the data related to schooling provided by the Sachar
Committee Report:
• 25 per cent of Muslim children in the 6-14 year age group have
either never been enrolled in school or have dropped out. This
percentage is much higher than that of any other socio-religious
community (page 58).
Do you think special measures are required to address this
situation?
Answer:
Yes, according to me some special measures should be taken by
the government to address this situation as percentage of
Muslim students dropped out from the school is very high.
Education is necessary for every individual and 6-14 years is
that age in which the future of children develops. If these
students do not get proper education at that age, then their future
might be ruin.
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