This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: E1032 − 19

Standard Practice for

Radiographic Examination of Weldments Using Industrial
X-Ray Film1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1032; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents

1.1 This practice provides a uniform procedure for radio- 2.1 ASTM Standards:2
graphic examination of weldments using industrial radio- E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination Using Industrial
graphic film. Requirements expressed in this practice are Radiographic Film
intended to control the quality of the radiographic images and E242 Reference Radiographs for Appearances of Radio-
are not intended for controlling acceptability or quality of graphic Images as Certain Parameters are Changed
welds. E390 Reference Radiographs for Steel Fusion Welds
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive
1.2 The radiographic extent, the quality level, and the Testing
acceptance criteria to be applied shall be specified in the E747 Practice for Design, Manufacture and Material Group-
contract, purchase order, product specification, or drawings. ing Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators (IQI)
Used for Radiology
iTeh Standards
1.3 The radiographic techniques stated herein provide ad-
equate assurance for defect detectability; however, it is recog-
E999 Guide for Controlling the Quality of Industrial Radio-
graphic Film Processing
nized that, for special applications, specific techniques using
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more or less stringent requirements may be required than those
specified. In these cases, the use of alternative radiographic
E1025 Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material
Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality In-
dicators (IQI) Used for Radiography

supplier (also see Section 4).

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techniques shall be as agreed upon between purchaser and E1079 Practice for Calibration of Transmission Densitom-
eters
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded E1254 Guide for Storage of Radiographs and Unexposed
as standard. ASTM E1032-19Industrial Radiographic Films
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
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1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the E1742 Practice for Radiographic Examination
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the E1815 Test Method for Classification of Film Systems for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Industrial Radiography
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
2.2 ASNT Documents:3
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A Personnel Qualifi-
(For more specific safety precautionary information, see Sec-
cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
tion 9.) ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certifi-
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor- cation of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
2.3 Other Standards:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
NAS 410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Test Personnel4
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on the ASTM website.
3
Radiology (X and Gamma) Method. Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2019. Published March 2019. Originally 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
4
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E1032 – 12. DOI: Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc. (AIA), 1000
10.1520/E1032-19. Wilson Blvd., Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209-3928, http://www.aia-aerospace.org.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

1
 E1032 − 19
ISO 5579 Nondestructive Testing—Radiographic Examina- the weld being examined (material composition and thickness).
tion of Metallic Materials by X and Gamma Rays—Basic The suitability of the source shall be demonstrated by attain-
Rules5 ment of the required IQI sensitivity and compliance with all
ISO 9712 Non-Destructive Testing—Qualification and Cer- other requirements stipulated herein (optical density and area
tification of NDT Personnel—General Principles5 of interest density tolerances, etc.).
ISO 17636 Non-Destructive Testing of Welds— 6.2 Film Holders and Cassettes—Film holders and cassettes
Radiographic Testing 5 shall be light tight and shall be handled properly to reduce the
3. Terminology likelihood that they may be damaged. They may be flexible
vinyl, plastic, or other durable material, or they may be made
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this from metallic materials. In the event that light leaks into the
practice, see Terminology E1316. film holder and produces images on the radiograph, the
3.2 With issuance of this practice, the terms film density and radiograph need not be rejected unless the images encroach on
radiographic density have been replaced with the term optical the radiographic area of interest. If the film holder exhibits
density. light leaks, it shall be repaired before reuse or discarded. Film
holders and cassettes should be routinely examined to mini-
4. Basis of Application mize the likelihood of light leaks.
4.1 Personnel Qualification—Nondestructive testing (NDT)
6.3 Intensifying Screens:
personnel shall be qualified in accordance with a nationally
recognized NDT personnel qualification practice or standard 6.3.1 Lead-Foil Screens:
such as ANSI/ASNT-CP-189, SNT-TC-1A, NAS 410, or a 6.3.1.1 Intensifying screens of the lead-foil type are gener-
similar document. The practice or standard used and its ally used for production radiography. Lead-foil screens shall be
applicable revision shall be specified in the contractual agree-of the same approximate dimensions as the film being used and
ment between the using parties. shall be in direct contact with the film during exposure.
6.3.1.2 Unless otherwise specified in the purchaser-supplier
4.2 Qualification of Nondestructive Agencies—If specified agreement, the lead-foil screens shown in Table 1 shall be used,
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in the contractual agreement, NDT agencies shall be qualified
and evaluated in accordance with Specification E543. The
except as provided within the tabular notes below it.
6.3.2 Fluorescent, Fluorometallic, or Other Metallic
applicable edition of Specification E543 shall be specified in
the contractual agreement. (https://standards.iteh.ai)
4.3 Time of Examination—The time of examination shall be
Screens—Such screens may be used with CEO approval as
described under 5.1; however, they must be capable of dem-

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onstrating the required IQI sensitivity. Fluorescent or fluoro-
in accordance with 8.1 unless otherwise specified. metallic screens may cause limitations in image quality (see
4.4 Procedures—The procedures to be utilized shall be as Guide E94, Appendix X1).
described in 7.1. 6.3.3 Screen Care:
ASTM
4.5 Extent of Examination—The extent of the examination E1032-196.3.3.1 All screens should be handled carefully to avoid
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shall be in accordance with 7.2. dents, scratches, grease, or dirt on active surfaces. Screens that
render nonrelevant indications on radiographs shall be visually
4.6 Reporting Criteria/Acceptance Criteria—Reporting cri- examined and discarded if physical damage is observed.
teria of the examination results shall be in accordance with 6.3.3.2 Screens, with or without backing, shall be free of
Section 11. dust, dirt, oxidation, or any other foreign material that render
4.7 Reexamination of Repaired or Reworked Items— undesirable nonrelevant images on the film.
Reexamination of repaired or reworked items is not addressed 6.3.3.3 Other Screens—ISO 5579 contains similar provi-
in this practice and if required shall be specified in the sions for intensifying screens as in this practice. International
contractual agreement. users of these type screens should specify such alternative
4.8 Radiographic Quality Level—The radiographic quality provisions within separate contractual arrangements from this
level shall be in accordance with 7.4. practice.
6.4 Filters—Filters shall be used whenever the contrast
5. Materials
reductions caused by low energy, scattered radiation, or the
5.1 Film Systems—Only film systems having cognizant extent of undercut (edge burn-off) occurring on production
engineering organization (CEO) approval or meeting the re- radiographs is of significant magnitude to cause difficulty in
quirements of Test Method E1815 shall be used to meet the meeting the quality level or radiographic coverage require-
requirements of this standard. ments stipulated by the job order or contract (see Guide E94).
6. Apparatus 6.5 Masking—Masking material may improve radiographic
6.1 Radiation Source (X-Ray or Gamma-Ray)—Selection of quality (see Guide E94).
the appropriate source is dependent upon variables regarding 6.6 IQI’s (Penetrameters)—Unless otherwise specified by
the applicable job order or contract, only those IQI’s that
5
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., comply with the design and identification requirements speci-
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. fied in Practice E1025 or Practice E747 shall be used.

2
 E1032 − 19
TABLE 1 Lead-Foil Screens
keV Range Front ScreenA Back Screen Minimum
0 to 150 keVB 0.000 to 0.001 in. [0 to 0.025 mm] 0.005 in. [0.127 mm]C
151 to 200 keV 0.001 to 0.005 in. [0.025 to 0.127 mm] 0.005 in. [0.127 mm]
201 to 320 keV 0.001 to 0.010 in. [0.025 to 0.254 mm] 0.005 in. [0.127 mm]
Se-75 0.001 to 0.010 in. [0.025 to 0.254 mm] 0.005 in. [0.127 mm]
321 to 450 keV 0.005 to 0.015 in. [0.127 to 0.381 mm] 0.010 in. [0.254 mm]
Ir-192 0.005 to 0.015 in. [0.127 to 0.381 mm] 0.010 in. [0.254 mm]
451 keV to 2 MeV 0.005 to 0.020 in. [0.127 to 0.508 mm] 0.010 in. [0.254 mm]
Co-60 0.005 to 0.020 in. [0.127 to 0.508 mm] 0.010 in. [0.254 mm]

Over 2 MeV to 4 MeV 0.010 to 0.020 in. [0.254 to 0.508 mm] 0.010 in. [0.254 mm]
Over 4 MeV to 10 MeV 0.010 to 0.030 in. [0.254 to 0.762 mm] 0.010 in. [0.254 mm]
Over 10 MeV to 25 MeV 0.010 to 0.050 in. [0.254 to 1.27 mm] 0.010 in. [0.254 mm]
A
The lead screen thickness listed for the various voltage ranges are recommended thicknesses and not required thicknesses. Other thicknesses and materials may be
used provided the required radiographic quality level, contrast, and density are achieved.
B
Prepacked film with lead screens may be used from 80 to 150 keV. No lead screens are recommended below 80 keV. Prepacked film may be used at higher energy
levels provided the contrast, density, radiographic quality level, and backscatter requirements are achieved. Additional intermediate lead screens may be used for reduction
of scattered radiation at higher energies.
C
No back screen is required provided the backscatter requirements of 8.5 are met.

6.7 Shims, Separate Blocks, or Like Sections—Shims, sepa- 7.2 Radiographic Coverage—Unless otherwise specified by
rate blocks, or like sections made of the same or radiographi- purchaser and supplier agreement, the extent of radiographic
cally similar materials (as defined in Practice E1025) may be coverage shall include 100 % of the volume of the weld.
used to facilitate IQI positioning. There is no restriction on
shim or separate block maximum thickness, provided the IQI 7.3 Radiographic Film Quality—All radiographs shall be
and area-of-interest density variation requirements of 8.8.2 are free of mechanical, chemical, handling-related, or other blem-
met. The like section should be geometrically similar to the ishes of a severity which could mask or be confused with the

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object being radiographed. image of a rejectable discontinuity in the area of interest on the
radiograph. If any doubt exists as to the true nature of an
6.8 Radiographic Location and Identification Markers— indication exhibited by the radiograph, the radiograph shall be
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Lead numbers and letters are used to designate the part number
and location number. The size and thickness of the markers
rejected and the view retaken.

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shall depend on the ability of the radiographic technique to NOTE 1—Digital image enhancement techniques applied to scanned
discern the markers on the radiograph. As a general rule, radiographic images have, in some cases, shown the ability to resolve
markers 1⁄16 in. [1.58 mm] thick will suffice for most low doubts regarding the true nature of indications shown in the original
radiograph. Where applicable, these techniques may be used in an effort to
energy (less than 1 MeV) X-ray and Iridium 192 radiography; resolve questions regarding the nature of the indication.
for higher energy radiography it may be necessary ASTM E1032-19
to use
markers that are thicker (1⁄8 in. [3.18 mm] thick or more). 7.4 Radiographic Quality Level—Radiographic quality
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level shall be determined upon agreement between the pur-
6.9 Optical Density Measurement Apparatus—Either a
chaser and supplier and shall be specified in the applicable job
transmission densitometer or a step-wedge comparison film
order or contract. See Guide E94 for a discussion of Radio-
shall be used for judging optical density requirements. Step-
graphic Quality Level.
wedge comparison films or densitometers calibration, or both,
shall be verified by comparison with a calibrated step-wedge 7.5 Acceptance Criteria—Accept and reject criteria shall be
film traceable to the National Institute of Standards and stipulated by the applicable contract, job order, drawing, or
Technology. Where applicable, a film digitization and analysis other purchaser and supplier agreement.
system may be substituted for a transmission densitometer
provided the film digitization and analysis system has been 7.6 Optical Density Limitations:
calibrated and verified by comparison with a calibrated step- 7.6.1 Hole-Type IQIs—The optical density through the body
wedge film traceable to the National Institute of Standards and of the IQI and area of interest shall be 1.5 to 4.0 for single film
Technology. Densitometers shall be calibrated in accordance viewing and 2.0 to 4.0 for composite viewing. Optical densities
with Practice E1079. above 4.0 are permitted when agreed upon between the
cognizant engineering organization and the NDT facility and
7. Requirements when 7.7.3 film viewing facilities are sufficient. In no case
7.1 Procedure Requirement—Unless otherwise specified by shall the maximum optical density exceed 4.5.
the applicable job order or contract, radiographic examination 7.6.2 Wire IQIs—The optical density adjacent to the re-
shall be performed in accordance with a written procedure. quired wire and the area of interest shall be 1.5 to 4.0 for single
Specific requirements regarding the preparation and approval film viewing and 2.0 to 4.0 for composite viewing. Optical
of the written procedures shall be dictated by purchaser and densities above 4.0 are permitted when agreed upon between
supplier agreement. The production procedure shall address all the cognizant engineering organization and the NDT facility
applicable portions of this document and shall be available for and when 7.7.3 film viewing facilities are sufficient. In no case
review during interpretation of the radiographs. shall the maximum optical density exceed 4.5.