LVDT
Uploaded by
Jalp PatelLVDT
Uploaded by
Jalp PatelLVDT
AIM:-To Measure change in output voltage with change in displacement
of core of
LVDT.
MATERIAL’S REQUIRED:-LVDT Trainer,
HITECH make LVDT demonstrator,
Connecting Wires.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-
1
THEORY:-
The linear variable differential transformer has three solenoid
coils placed end-to-end around a tube. The center coil is the
primary, and the two oter coils are the top and bottom
secondaries.A cylindrical ferromagnetic core, attached to the object
whose position is to be measured, slides along the axis of the tube.
An alternating current drives the primary and causes a voltage to be
induced in each secondary proportional to the length of the core
linking to the secondary. The frequency is usually in the range 1 to
10 kHz.
As the core moves, the primary's linkage to the two secondary
coils changes and causes the induced voltages to change. The coils
are connected so that the output voltage is the difference (hence
"differential") between the top secondary voltage and the bottom
secondary voltage. When the core is in its central position,
equidistant between the two secondaries, equal voltages are
induced in the two secondary coils, but the two signals cancel, so
the output voltage is theoretically zero.
In practice minor variations in the way in which the primary is
coupled to each secondary means that a small voltage is output
when the core is central. This small residual voltage is due to phase
shift and is often called quadrature error. It is a nuisance in closed
loop control systems as it can result in oscillation about the null
point, and may be unacceptable in simple measurement
applications too. It is a consequence of using synchronous
demodulation, with direct subtraction of the secondary voltages at
AC.
Modern systems, particularly those involving safety, require fault
detection of the LVDT, and the normal method is to demodulate
each secondary separately, using precision half wave or full wave
rectifiers, based on op-amps, and compute the difference by
subtracting the DC signals. Because, for constant excitation voltage,
the sum of the two secondary voltages is almost constant
throughout the operating stroke of the LVDT, its value remains
within a small window and can be monitored such that any internal
failures of the LVDT will cause the sum voltage to deviate from its
limits and be rapidly detected, causing a fault to be indicated.
There is no quadrature error with this scheme, and the position-
dependent difference voltage passes smoothly through zero at the
null point.
PROCEDURE:-
1. Keep frequency control in mid position and amplitude control
knob in fully clockwise position. (Maximum amplitude)
2
2. Move the micrometer on the LVDT panel so that you observe
minimum amplitude on the digital display. This is the null
position of the LVDT
3. Set the core in normal position, equal voltages are induced in
the two secondary windings. But due to residual voltage, we may
observe, Vo=V1-V2 not equal to zero! Vary iron core for different
position.
4. Measure output voltages vs displacements.
5. Make an observation table and a graph on graph-paper.
OBSERVATION TABLE:-
1) In Same Direction
Sr. No. Displacement(mm) Output
Voltage(mV)
1. 0 -0.7
2. 2 -52.4
3. 4 -75.1
4. 6 -110.1
5. 8 -161.1
6. 10 -183.6
2) In Opposite Direction
Sr. No. Displacement(mm Output
in opposite Voltage(mV)
direction)
1. 0 -5.4
2. 2 48.6
3. 4 82.1
4. 6 109.0
5. 8 149.5
6. 10 170.4
GRAPH:-
1) In same Direction
3
2) In Opposite Direction
CONCLUSION :-
In this experiment, We perform and verify that the output
voltage of an LVDT changes proportionally with the
displacement of its core within its linear range.
