Fundamental Medical

Imaging Informatics
 • Health professional are knowledge
workers that deals with information on
a daily basis.
• A health professional utilizes four
critical methods involving data, to
make decisions:
• Medical knowledge base
Health care • I nf o r m a t io n c o m ing f r o m t he
patient
• Experience and Judgment
• Application of Data Mining
methods on historical data for
knowledge acquisition.
Information

The integrity and quality of the data

Data are raw facts
rather than the form are what matters

The term informatics has been derived

Information is the processed data that has from the term “information”.
meaning Information refers to useful and
meaningful and organized data.

Knowledge is the awareness and understanding of a set of information and ways

information can be made useful to support a specific task.
Fundament 1. Non-atomicity
al unique 2. Cognition
healthcare
3. Shareability
data
properties 4. Longitudinality
Fundamental unique
healthcare data
properties

NON-ATOMICITY
• Healthcare data should
not be assessed
i nd e p e nd e ntl y si nc e
com bining the data
resources and the
clinical knowledge of a
health professional will
lead to great clinical
outcomes.
Fundamental unique
healthcare data
properties
COGNITION
• Healthcare data should be
assessed with human
cognitive skills.
• Thi s c o gni t i v e pro c e ss i s
systematic and varies across
different categories of health
care professionals.
• Medical education and
c o nt i nui ng pro fe ssi o nal
development are important
suc c ess fac tors for this
dimension.
 SHAREABILITY
Fundament • Healthcare data should be shared
al unique across the healthcare system and
be twe e n d iffe re nt he althc are
healthcare professionals to be meaningful.
data • Data should be exchanged across the
health care system seamlessly.
properties • Interprofessional collaboration is also
crucial
 LONGITUDINALITY
• Health care data should be
Fundament assessed with a
al unique longitudinal insight.
healthcare • Longitudinal data can form
the basis for predictive
data modelling of the patient
properties outcomes and the
effectiveness of medical
treatments
 • It is an interdisciplinary f ie ld
th at i s c on c e r n e d wi th th e
a n a l y s i s , c l a s s i f ic a t i o n ,
manipulation, dissemination
Informatio and protection of information.
n Science • It is often mistaken as a branch
of computer science.
• It deals with all the processed
and techniques pertaining to
the information life cycle.
Computer Science

I n 1 9 4 0 ’s c om p uter It is the study of methods

science is known as for organizing and
automatic computation processing data in
and i n the 1 9 5 0 ’s as c om puters and solv ing
information processing. problems.
 • It is the use of any computers,
storage, networking and other
physical devices, infrastructure
Informatio and processes to create,
n Technolo process, store, secure and
exchange all forms of
gy electronic data.
 • It deals with the structure and
function of a computer and how it
can be used to solve problems,
Computer computer communication
technology, on the other hand,
Technolog deals with the use of
electromagnetic devices and
y systems for communicating over
long distance
 • Di g i tal m e d i c i ne c o m b i ne s
modern medicine with new and
advanced digital technology,
Digitizatio with medicine as the core.
n in • T he p ri m a r y a i m o f d i g i t a l
medicine is to improve clinical
Medicine diagnosis and treatment using
new and advanced digital
technology
 • It is the application of
inform ation technology to
healthcare.
Health • I t refers to the el ec troni c
systems that healthcare
Informatio professionals and sometime
patients use to store, share and
n Technolo analyze health information.
gy • Comprehensive management of
information among patients,
p ra c t i t i o ne rs, g o v e rnm e nt ,
quality entities and insurers.
Benefits of •Improve quality and
effectiveness of healthcare
using • Promotes individual and public
Healthcar health increasing accuracy of
diagnosis
e Informat • It reduces cost and medical
ion errors while improving
e f fic i e n c y o f b o t h
Technolog administrative and clinical
y process
 • Informatics comes from the French
word “informatique”
• This is the science of information that
d e f in e s w h a t i s c o n s i d e r e d a s
information and how information is
Informatic acquired systematically by utilizing
raw data.
s • It refers to the process of changing
data to information, and therefore
c o m p ut e r s and c o m m unic at io n
technologies are central elements to
the process.
 It is applied to different
subspecialties
• Medical Informatics
Informatics
• Healthcare Informatics
Subspecialti • Biomedical Informatics
es • Nursing informatics
• Imaging Informatics
 ACQUISITION
Key Capture data produced during
health care provision:
Elements • O b se r v a t i o n a nd C l i ni c a l
of Examinations
• Talking with the patient with
Informati other healthcare professionals
cs • Physiologic measurements
• Laboratory test and radiology
examinations
 STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL
• It involves the storage of data in
Key physical media so that it can be
retrieved.
Elements • Storage of Health related data can
of be achieved by:
• Direct entry of information into
Informati the Electronic Medical Records
• Using sensors which performs
cs measurements
• Scanning handwritten
documents and using character
recognition technologies.
 MANIPULATION
Key • Data usually needs to be
Elements manipulated to be combined with
other data and aggregated for
of statistical and healthcare analytics
purposes.
Informati • This may also refer to different
cs representation of data to generate
prediction models.
 DISPLAY
• It refers to the way the data
Key may be displayed so that it can
Elements be easily be understood and
used.
of • It does not refer to the physical
Informati output devices but also
addresses the presentation of
cs the information to the user via
friendly interfaces.
 Two Revolutions have changed
the nature o f m e d i c i ne and
research:
• Medical imaging has become
Medical an invaluable tool in modern
Imaging & healthcare by m eans of
studying diseases.
Biomedicin • The study of biomedical
e informatics concerns itself
wi th the d ev e l op m e nt and
adaptation of techniques from
engineering, computer science
and other fields
 • This is also known as allopathic
medicine, conventional medicine,
or western medicine.
• This is the application of the
p rinc ip les of natural sc ienc e
especially biology and
Biomedicine biochemistry.
• This is a f ie ld of science which
medical doctors and other allied
healthcare professionals treat
symptoms and disease using
drugs, radiation and surgery
 • It is classif ie d into two
categories:
• Epistemological
This tries to explain
the f unc ti o n o f the
Biomedici abnormal body in
terms of normal
ne biological processes
• Social
I t i s c o nsi d e re d as
orthodox or scientif ic
medicine.
 Is the discipline that stands
at the intersection of
Medical biomedical informatics and
imaging, bridging the two
Imaging areas to further our
Informatics comprehension of disease
processes through the
unique lens of imaging to
improve health care.
 • It is the study and application
of processes of information
and communications
technology for the acquisition,
Medical manipulation, analysis, and
Imaging distribution of image data.
Informatic • It is particularly concerned as a
specialty with the electronical
s a c q u i s i t i o n , s t o ra g e a n d
distribution of text and image
data.
 It refers to platforms that are
used for medical purposes,
such as patient care, and for
biological applications and
Medical activities related to health care,
Imaging i nc l ud i ng b oth p re - c l i ni c al
research and clinical research.
Informatic • Medical Care
s • Medical Education
• Medical Research
 Medical Imaging
Informatics embraces
Medical the following
Imaging • Image Generation
• Image Manipulation
Informatic • Image Management
s • Image Integration
 • The task of choosing an imaging
protocol depends on the referring
physician.
The Role • The selection of an appropriate
of Medical imaging protocol to diagnose a
particular illness can be
Imaging summarize in three steps:
Informatic 1. Standardizing the patient’s chief
complaint.
s 2. Integrating patient’s symptoms
with past evidence
3. Selecting the imaging study to
confirm differential diagnosis