Electricity Used in Day To Day Life

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Electricity used in day to day life
Generating electricity
Dynamo, solar cells and dry cells are the simple ways of generating
electricity.
Generating Electricity with a lime fruit
Things needed- musical birthday card, pieces of copper and zinc sheets,
a lime, galvanometer
Method
1. Fix the copper and zinc sheets to lime fruit

2. Remove the circuit in birthday card,then remove the battery
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3. Connect the copper sheet to positive terminal and zinc sheet to

negative terminal of battery
4. Connect the galvanometer
Observation
• Electricity is generated
Galvanometer
Sensitive device, used to identify and measure small current.
Generating electricity with a coil of wire
Things needed; insulating copper wire, bar magnet, galvanometer
Method;
1. Wind the insulated copper wire around cardboard

2. Clean the copper ends of card and connect to
galvanometer
3. Move the bar magnet inside the coil
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Observation
• Electric current was generated by moving magnet inside the

The above method is used in ,
1. Bicycle dynamo
2. Generators
3. Hydro powerstation
4. Wind powerstation
Micheal faraday
Electric current is generated by moving a magnet inside a

coil of wire.
Making a hydro power station
Things you need; small electric motor, galvanometer, cork,yoghurt

spoons, empty pen tube, small bulb
Method;
1. Prepare the setup as in the figure

2. Open the tap, hold the turbine to running water
3. Fix the galvanometer and a bulb to end
Observation
• Galvanometer shows deflection

• Bulb will light up
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Power stations
Method to generate electricity in large scale.
• Who found that it is possible to generate hydropower in srilanka?
Mr.D.J wimalasurendra
Electric cells
Making a simple cell
Things needed - copper, zinc sheets, dilute sulphuric acid battery acid,
wire, beaker, bulb/electric motor
Method
Prepare the setup as in figure.
Observation
• Bulbs light up
Weaknesses
• After sometime, brightness of bulb decreases

• Cannot take from one place to another
1.Chemical cells
There are 02 types of chemical cells
1. Primary cell
2. Secondary cells
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Primary cells
• Chemical in these cells get exhausted after using for certain

period
• After inactive, they cannot be recharged.
Examples;
1. Simple cell
2. Dry cell
3. Wrist watch battery
4. Camera battery
Secondary cells
• Chemicals in these cells are exhausted after using for certain

period
• After inactive, they can be recharged by current supply.
Examples
1. Car battery
2. Mobile phone battery
3. Certain torch battery
Voltage
• Volt (V) is a unit to measure electricity

• Domestic current supply [ 230v]
• Dry cell [1.5V]
2.Solar cells
• When sunlight falls on solar cells, electricity is generated.

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Large solar panels are made by collections of small solar cells.
Improper disposal
Preparation of circuits
Things needed- 02 dry cells, pieces of wire, switch, torch bulb.
Observation
• Bulb lights up.

Why do bulb lights up?
• System allows to flow electric current through conducting wire

called electric circuit
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Different types of electric appliances used in electric circuit
Symbols for electric appliances

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Drawing a circuit using standard symbols.
Different ways to prepare circuits to light up the 02 bulbs
Terminal of cells
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Ammeter Voltmeter
Conductors and insulators
Activity
Material Bulb glow / Do not glow

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What are conductors?
•
• Examples; Aluminum, silver, copper
What are insulators?
•
• Examples; ceramic, mica, ebonite, glass, plastic, rubber
Liquids that conduct Liquids that do not conduct

electricity electricity
Mercury kerosene
Salt water petrol
Lime juice
Water
Electronic appliances
• Electric circuits in computer, radio, DVD player

• Accessories used in electronic circuits- electronic appliances
• Examples of electronic appliances
1. Diode
Things needed; rectifying diode, bulb, dry cell, pieces of wire

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Observation
Bulb lights up, when diode is kept in specific way
Main function- let the current flow in one direction only[positive

terminal diode to negative terminal]
Diode positive terminal is connected to positive terminal of dry cell
Standard symbol –
2. light emitting diode
Small bulb lighting up in radios, tv, they are light emitting diode.
Activity;
Things needed; led,02 dry cells, connective wires
Repeat the activity by changing the terminals

Observations
LED illuminates only at one occasion (when positive terminal of dry

cell is connected to positive terminal of led)
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Why it is called LED?

When small current passing, light emits.
Standard symbol-
3. Resistors
Barrier to flow of current in the conductor

Unit to measure resistance- ohm
Activity
Things needed; 02 dry cells, connective wires, LED,03 carbon rods

taken from used dry cells, switch
Observation
When one carbon rod kept
•
When more than one carbon rod is kept
•
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Activity
Things needed;02 resistors [10 ohm], and [5ohm], torch bulb,02 dry
cells, switch
Observation
• Flow of current decreases with increase of resistanc

Various types of resistors
1. Permanent resistors- value cannot be changed

2. Variable resistors- value can be changed
3. Light sensitive resistor- resistance depends on the
amount of light falling.
Standard symbol-
Rheostat
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Variable resistor, helps to change the resistance

4. Light depending resistors [LDR]
Activity;
Things needed; LDR, LED,02 dry cells, connective wires, switch,

millimeter
Observation
• Light falls on LDR- high current flows through circuit

• Shading the light- flow of current through circuit reduces
Reason
• When light falls on LDR, resistance reduces

• When less light falls on LDR,resistance increases
Standard symbol-
Ishra Ikram – 075 153 9597 15
Conservation of electricity and prevention of accidents

Highest usage electricity- 7pm-9pm
Conservation of electricity
Some methods to conserve electricity
1. Use efficient bulbs.

2. CFL, LED uses 1/5 less current than normal bulb
Life span is 10 times more than normal bulb
3. Switch off appliances, when not in use.
4. Do not increase the sound of tv, radio unnecessarily
5. LCD and LED screen usage minimize consumption of
electricity
6. Using modern refrigerators that minimize consumption
of electricity
Methods to use refrigerator

1. Reduce the number of times you open the door
2. Cool the warm food before putting into refrigerator
3. Place the warm food in a place without light
4. Keep a space between wall and refrigerator
5. Avoid putting unnecessary things
Ishra Ikram – 075 153 9597 16

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Ishra Ikram – 075 153 9597 1

Electricity used in day to day life

Generating Electricity with a lime fruit

1. Fix the copper and zinc sheets to lime fruit

3. Connect the copper sheet to positive terminal and zinc sheet to

Sensitive device, used to identify and measure small current.

Generating electricity with a coil of wire

Things needed; insulating copper wire, bar magnet, galvanometer

1. Wind the insulated copper wire around cardboard

• Electric current was generated by moving magnet inside the

Electric current is generated by moving a magnet inside a

Making a hydro power station

Things you need; small electric motor, galvanometer, cork,yoghurt

1. Prepare the setup as in the figure

• Galvanometer shows deflection

Making a simple cell

Prepare the setup as in figure.

• After sometime, brightness of bulb decreases

• Chemical in these cells get exhausted after using for certain

• Chemicals in these cells are exhausted after using for certain

• Volt (V) is a unit to measure electricity

• When sunlight falls on solar cells, electricity is generated.

Large solar panels are made by collections of small solar cells.

Things needed- 02 dry cells, pieces of wire, switch, torch bulb.

• Bulb lights up.

• System allows to flow electric current through conducting wire

Different types of electric appliances used in electric circuit

Symbols for electric appliances

Drawing a circuit using standard symbols.

Different ways to prepare circuits to light up the 02 bulbs

Conductors and insulators

Material Bulb glow / Do not glow

What are conductors?

Liquids that conduct Liquids that do not conduct

• Electric circuits in computer, radio, DVD player

Things needed; rectifying diode, bulb, dry cell, pieces of wire

Main function- let the current flow in one direction only[positive

Diode positive terminal is connected to positive terminal of dry cell

2. light emitting diode

Things needed; led,02 dry cells, connective wires

Repeat the activity by changing the terminals

LED illuminates only at one occasion (when positive terminal of dry

Why it is called LED?

Barrier to flow of current in the conductor

Things needed; 02 dry cells, connective wires, LED,03 carbon rods

When one carbon rod kept

• Flow of current decreases with increase of resistanc

1. Permanent resistors- value cannot be changed

Variable resistor, helps to change the resistance

Things needed; LDR, LED,02 dry cells, connective wires, switch,

• Light falls on LDR- high current flows through circuit

• When light falls on LDR, resistance reduces

Conservation of electricity and prevention of accidents

Some methods to conserve electricity

1. Use efficient bulbs.

Methods to use refrigerator

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