EAPP Quarter 1

DETERMINING WAYS A WRITER CAN ELUCIDATE ON A CONCEPT BY DEFINITION, EXPLICATION AND CLARIFICATION

CONCEPT PAPER -is a brief summary of a research project written by a university student whois about to conduct a certain reearch. are

summaries of projects or sIues that reflect the interests, experience and expertise of the writer or organization

WAYS A WRITER CAN ELUCIDATE A CONCEPT

CONCEPT BY DEFINITION -Definition is a mode of paragraph dvelopment that answers the questions: What is it? What does i t mean? What

are its special f eatures?

1. FORMAL DEFINITION -You define the term by giving the c lass where the word/ term b elongs (the genus) and the characteristics that

distinguish the e trm from the other terms, known as differentia.

Extended Definition

It is needed to define abstract concepts. It allows you to broaden your definition by using analogy, metaphors, comparison and contrast,

descriptions, analysis, functions, etymology and semantic origin. When you write an extended definition, you literally grab at any of the

writing resources or tools that will help you explain the term to your readers. This means considering all of the various sources of

information that can help define the term adequately.

2Concept by EXPLICATION

• Introduce the concept

1. Look for definitions or clues to a good definition: What is it? What do you think it is? How has the concept changed over time?•

2. Determine defining criteria for the concept (I’ll know it when I see it because…)

Introduce the concept- Use narratives. - Use descriptions. - Show the concept in action: Give real life examples in society of the concept.

- Discuss causes and potential outcomes for the concept.

- Are there tools available for measuring the concept as you have defined it?

- Gather judgments or understandings of the concept from professionals or ordinary people. Introduce the concept

3 Move from the specific to the general. Explain the significance of the concept in the lives of ordinary people. •

Methods of Development

1Defining – an extended definition; especially helpful if the concept you are explaining involves difficult or unfamiliar (to your reader)

vocabulary.

2. Classifying/Dividing – a description of how your concept fits into a particular category or how it can be broken down into parts that can be

described more easily; this is useful in showing your reader how your concept fits into a “big picture” and how it can be divided.

3Comparing/Contrasting – examples of how your concept is similar or different from other concepts/ideas with which the reader may be

familiar.•

4. Narrating a Process – a step-by-step explanation of how a process works or how a concept is used in practice.
5. Illustrating – the use of examples, anecdotes, and other details that may help your reader to better understand your concept.

6. Reporting Causes or Effects – a scription of how a particular event leads to another and how concepts are related to each other.

Conept by CLARIFICATION

Clarification creates multiple meanings through: (

1) formulating purposes, (2) choosing, examining, and integrating

data sources, and (3) representing a final conceptualization that can also be

examined for adequacy.

Steps in Writing a Critique

What is a Critique?“a report of something such as a political situation or system, or a person's work or ideas, that examines it and provides a

judgment, especially a negative one”

(Cambridge dictionary)While it is also related to the word “criticize”, it is important to note that the critique does not necessarily reveal

negative areas in a work or a concept.While the critique is commonly used to evaluate written works, it can also be used to analyze a variety

of works and concepts such as artworks, film, images, theatre plays, research, journal articles, systematic reviews, theories, news reports,

feature articles and events.

Critique aims to:• understand the work’s purpose• intended audience,

development of argument• structure of evidence or creative style • recognize of the strengths and weaknesses of the work

Sandard Steps in Writing Critique

STEP 1: PREPARE

a. Examine the material• Take notes as you read or examine your

subject. Is the main point or goal of the creator clearly visible in the work? If not, why do you think that is? • Who do you think is the

creator’s intended audience? • Does the work provoke emotional responses? Do you feel confused?• What questions does the work make

you think of?

b. Do some research• In order to elaborate on how the work relates to an issue, you will need to know what it is responding to, what context it

was created in, etc. Remember the seven critical approaches that we discussed last time? Research may come in handy once you decide

which approach to use. For instance, if you are going to use the historical approach, researching about the significant events when the work

was created will be very useful once you write your critique.

StEP 2: WRITE THE INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH/S

a. Give the basic information about the work• The first paragraph should introduce the work, and must provide the basic information about

it. may include the creator’s name, the title of the work, and the date of its creation

b. Provide a context for the work• Your critique must give the reader some understanding of what issues the creator may have been

responding to while creating the work, but you do not need write a long history about it.• Reserve that for the body. Since you are still on the
introductory paragraph, just give your reader enough information to be able to understand the rest of your critique. • For instance, if you are

critiquing a painting, just give some brief information on where it was first displayed, for whom it was painted, etc.

c. Summarize the creator’s purpose in creating the work• This may be clearly stated sometimes, such as in a iesearch article where it is

indicated in the abstract and introduction.For creative works, you may infer the purpose as it is often not explicit. d. Summarize the main

points of the work• This may be clearly stated sometimes, such as in a research article where it is ndicated in the abstract and introduction.•

For creative works, you may infer the purpose as it is often not explicit.

e. Present your stand. this will serve as your thesis statement, and should make a claim about e work’s general effectiveness. It should

answer if your evaluation is going to be positive, negative, or mixed. e. Present your standNote: Your introduction may be composed of more

than one paragraph, but make sure that it is not longer than the body. Remember that the purpose of the introductory paragraphs is to give

just little bits of your views and your material to entice the readers to know more about them and read the whole critique.

STEP 3: WRITE THE BODY PARAGRAPHS a. Choose an approach• Decide which of the seven critical approaches we discussed are suitable for

your critique. You may use one or a combination of two or more. This would be dependent on the researches that you come up with in Step

1.a. Choose an approach• For instance, if you read something about the symbolisms in a work that represent the socialclasses, then the

Marxist approach would be the most appropriate.

B. Oganize your points Decide how you will arrange your points. For example, if you have three clear points about your work, you can

organize each paragraph by point. These points should be based on the approach/es that you chose.

c. Discuss the techniques or styles used in the work• Out of the seven critical approaches, the formalist approach is the easiest and the

simplest. Therefore, applying this approach to your critique would definitely add an important point. • For instance, if you are ritiquing a

song, you could consider how the beat or tone of the music supports the lyrics.

d. State your arguments and evidences Your points become stronger if you support it with evidences. Just make sure that your evidences

come from reliable sources.

e. Use examples for each point Aside from evidences,

your points become easily understandable if you cite examples related to it.

STEP 4: WRITE THE CONCLUDING PARAGRAPH

a. State your overall assessment Your concluding paragraph should answer if the work accomplished the creator’s goal. If so, how did it

achieve this success? If not, what went wrong?

b. Summarize your key reasons for this assessment• One purpose of the concluding paragraph is for emphasis. This is achieved by restating

your key reasons for your points/arguments, although you have already presented those in the bod

c. Recommend any areas for improvement• Suggest ways on how the work could have been better.

How do we write a critique for artwork?

Step 1: Description – pointing out surface information

Step 2: Analysis – focusing on the elements of art and principles of design. It only follows four easy steps to make four paragraphs. These

are:Step 3: Interpretation – stating what the artwork means based on steps 1 and 2.

Step 4: Judgment – expressing opinions on the artwork.

Now if you noticed, these steps are actually parallel to the parts of a critique paper that we studied earlier. The two methods are actually the

same. The parts are just differently labelled, as Feldman’s method is more suitable for visual arts. The description acts as the introduction,

the analysis and interpretation as parts of the body, and judgment as the conclusion.

New Lesson:Prepare a Concept Paper: Art

Steps in Writing A Concept Paper

• Title Page: this provides the readers with a clear title to your proposal as well as any other specific information is requested.Statement of

the problem:

this introductory section should provide the reader with an outline of the issue you are looking to solve and why it is important.

3. Preliminary literature review: this is a study of the literature is available around the subject of your intended analysis. Usually, you start

with a broad view of the topic and then focus into look at the specific issue you be investigating.

4. Goal statement: this gives the reader a clear idea of what you hope to achieve through the article you intend.

5. Research questions: these are the specific questions you seek to answer through your intended work.

6. An abridged methodology: you need to show and justify the methodology you`ll be looking to use to conduct your research.

7. Timelines: show you have thought about your analysis with care and provide a timeline with clear milestones to show what be achieved

and when.

8. References: you should always provide a full list of all of the sources of information you have used and cited within your article using the

correct format.

Preparing a Concept Paper: Business

It seems like everyone is creative and has a great idea for a business, but not everyone takes the steps necessary to start one. A business

concept paper can be a great way to get your plans in writing, providing the guidelines you need once you start networking and raising

money to fund your new venture.

Uses of Concept Paper are:

1. To interest potential funders 2. To develop potential solutions

or investigation into project ideas 3. To determine whether a project

idea is fundable 4. To serve as the foundation of a

full proposal. Beause most people nowadays are using online communication and transactions, there is also a greater opportunity to

conduct businesses online. Today, people spend more time on online activities; in fact, they prefer online sites for keeping themselves up to

date. People shop, pay bills, book tickets and order food online! It’s safe to assume that we’re all migrating to the online way of life.Supposed

that our business is about digital marketing and we are seeking a funding agency to help us with our mission. How will we present our

business concept effectively?

Parts of a Concept Paper for Business

1. Introduction 2. Rationale / Background 3. Project Description 4. Support / Budget INTRODUCTION

• State the information about the funding agency to show that you understand its mission. • Present and describe other partner agencies and

why they are qualified as suchProvide reasons why the funding agency should support the project

NOTE• The given paragraphs present a well-defined concept of Digital Marketing through giving its extended definition at same time relating

it to the mentioned company which is wE-Advertise and then associating it to the Micro AXZ Foundation which has a related idea.

RATIONALE/BACKGROUND• State the gap in knowledge to be addressed by the project.• State the problem/s to be solved.• State the

project’s significance:

NOTE:• The presented paragraphs give the rationale/background of the concept by detailing its functions and contrasting it to other

concepts such as internet marketing and traditional advertising.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

NOTE:•The paragraphs present a brief but clear project description of the given concept by presenting the different points must be included

in that area

SUPPORT/BUDGET• Outline the main budget.• Explain or justify how the budget will be used.• List the personnel or equipment needed for

the project.

NOTE:• The presented budget plan gives a simple but clear breakdown of intended expenditure of the presented business.

Prepare a Concept Paper: Politics

Definitions are essential in schoolwork as they serve as a frame of reference for discussion. For instance, concepts in your respective

subjects are understood because terms are used in a specific concept or process. Regionel (2012) defines concept paper as a paper on a

specific topic that express your ideas. As an academic professional paper, it clarifies meaning and/or explains the principle behind an idea or

a formulation (Dadufalza, 1996).

Concept Papers are used to explained ideas in different fields such as arts, business, religion, science, law, philosophy, sports, and

politics.Among the different fields mentioned, government and politics impacts nearly every aspect of our lives. Hence, it is important that

we are well-informed and educated about the important concepts in it.

Here in our country, people have different views and stands about our politics but being in a democratic country, how much do we know

about democracy? A concept paper can explain ideas or terms to us through giving different types of definition for better understanding of a

concept.

Let us read the given statements and determine the type of definitions used.

(1)Democracy is a form of government in which all eligible citizens participate equally --- either directly or through elected representatives --

- in the proposal, development, and creation of laws.Democracy was first given a formal definition – a term that belongs to the class “form of

government.” What distinguishes it from other forms of government is that “all eligible citizens participate equally – either directly or

through elected representatives – in the proposal, development, and creation of laws..(2)It encompasses social, economic, and cultural

conditions that enable the free and equal practice of political self-determination.The definition was further extended using analysis by

saying that “democracy encompasses social, economic, and cultural conditions that enable the free and equal practice of political self-

determination.3)The term originates from the Greek δημοκρατία (demokratia) “rule of the people,” which was coined from δῆμος (demos)

“people” and Κράτος (kratos) “power” or “rule” in the 5th century BCE to denote the political systems then existing in Greek-city states,

notably Athens.(,To make the definition even clearer, the origin of word was

traced. This is what we call definition by etymology. )

(4)The term is an antonym to ἀριστοκρατία (aristokratia) “rule of an elite.”

(5)While theoretically these definitions are in opposition, in practice, the distinction has been blurred historically.Let us read the given

statements and determine the type of definitions used.6)The political system of Classical Athens, for example, granted democratic

citizenship to an elite class of free men and excluded slaves and women from political participation.

(In the given sentences, the word is defined by the use of opposites, also called as definition by contrast.)(7)In virtually, all democratic

governments throughout ancient and modern history, democratic citizenship consisted of an elite class until full enfranchisement was won

for all adult citizens in most modern democracies through the suffrage movements of the 19th and 20th centuries.8)The English word dates

to the 16th century, from the older Middle French and Middle Latin equivalents.(9)Democracy contrasts with forms of government where

power is either held by one person, as in a monarchy, or where power is held by small number of individuals, as in oligarchy.

(10)Nevertheless, these oppositions, inherited from Greek philosophy, are now ambiguous because contemporary governments have mixed

democratic, oligarchic, and monarchic elements. The contrast is further established in sentences 9 and 10 by giving examples or called

definition by examples.(11)Karl Popper defined democracy in contrast to dictatorship or tyranny, thus focusing on opportunities for the

people to control their leaders and to oust them without a need for revolution.” (Project Gutenberg Self-Publishing Press)