Roof Slab

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Roof Slab

Materials and specification

The materials used are concrete grade of C-25(the compressive 150mm cube strength at 28 days is
25MPa).The reinforcement to be used shall be deformed and the minimum yield strength shall be
300MPa.

Design data and material properties(Concrete)

Class 1 workmanship and ordinary loading condition is used

Sub structure Concrete grade C-25 class1

Partial safety factor, c=1.5 (ordinary loading) [EBCS -2 1995 Table 3.1]

Characteristics strength [compression],fck

Fck=0.825=20Mpa

Fcd= =11.33Mpa[compression]

fck=1.5Mpa

Ecm=29Gpa

Fctd= = =1.302Mpa [EBCS -2 1995 Table 2.4&2.5]

Superstructure concrete grade C-25

c=1.5 (ordinary loading)

fck=0.8*25=20Mpa
Depth determination for deflection requirement;

Most of the time servility limit state governs for slab design and we take the depth from serveseblity
limit state and an interval depth & check for shear &flexure

I. Check the panels for one or two-way system EBCS-2, 1995,

If the span ratio Ly/Lx of a given beam-floor system is greater than two, it is a one way slab and If
1≤ Ly/Lx≤2 it is a two-way slab. Effective slab depth or deflection requirement can be
determined by: Check depth for deflection

D=74.1mm, using ф8mm reinforcement bar, 15mm concrete cover,

Hence

D=74.1+15+1.5(4) =95mm

Load and moment for the roof slab

𝐿 𝑡Calculate design load for both panel

Pd=1.3DL+1.6LL

S1=1.3*5.453+ 1.6*1.6

=9.65KN/m
Moment distribution for each panel

Thefollowing building moment coefficient for regular panel on the side with provision for torsion at
corner. [EBCS 2, 1995 table A-1] Unbalanced MomenBalancing moment

Field moment

Slab number (S1)

Mxs=7.54-5.935=1.605

For

= =1.5

Cx=0.421

Cy=0.31

=0.421*1.605=0.676

=0.31*1.605=0.497

Adjusted moment

Mxf=0.676+5.65=6.326 Myf=3.95+0.497=4.447
Chapter Five

Frame Analysis and Design of Beam

Objectives: The Objectives of these Chapter includes

o Loading calculation on each frame element

o Analysis of 3D Frame

o Sample analysis outputs are presented for investigation

o Modeling for 3D Frame Analysis Using SAP v.14.0.00.1

General Procedure of Modeling of Frame

Step 1: Plot Grid Coordinates

Plot grid Coordinates that represent the given structural design.

Step 2: Define Material

We define two types of material those are C-30 Concrete and S-300 Rebar with their material
Properties.

C-25 : Material type: concrete

 Symmetry type: Isotropic

 Modulus of Elasticity: 24855.578 MPa

 Poisson‟s ratio: 0.

 Shear Modulus (G):10356491

 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion: 9.9E-06

 Unit Weight: 25 KN/m3 S-300 Material type: Rebar

 Unit Weight: 7.849 KN/m3.

 Modulus of Elasticity: 1.999E+08


 Poisson‟s ratio: 0.3

 Shear Modulus (G):76903069

 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion: 1.17E-05

 Minimum Yield Stress, Fy : 260.870 MPa

 Minimum Tensile Stress, Fu: 300.000 MPa

 Directional Symmetry type: uniaxial

Step 3: Define Frame Section

We define three types of Frame Section those are

 rectangular Column (30x70 cm),

 Top tie Beam (30x25 cm),

 Floor or intermediate Beam (40x30cm), and

 Grade Beam (60x30cm)

These frame section has the C-25material and S-300 rebar defined in step 1.

Step 4: Draw the different Structural Members

Using the grid System Draw the structural Members with their Defined Frame Section Properties. It
includes assignment of Restraints (fixed Joint)

Step 5: Assignment of Loads

First, Introduce Live Load on Definition of load Pattern then Next we assigned Fi (Story shear) as a
joint load on each frame Joint. Note that We analyzed the 3D frame separately for each earthquake
coming from X and Y Direction. Finally we imposed the unfactored distributed load transferred from
slab and wall on the beam members.

Step 6: Analysis

After checking for errors we run the analysis. Finally as shown below we determined the moments
for major and minor Axis and shear Force.
Beam Design

Beams should be design in such a way that they can carry their own weight in addition to
transferring the load from slabs or roofs (in top tie beams) to the column without excessive
deflection due to moment or cracks from shear force.

We have the following given dimensions

o Top tie beam- 25cm*45cm

 Intermediate beam- 25cm*45cm


 o Grade beam- 50cm*40cm

Material Data

Depth determination

25 mm concrete cover for moderate weather condition taken


[EBCS-2, 1995 Art 7.1.3.6]

Minimum depth requirement for serviceability,

i.e. deflection requirement is given by


Design for flexural reinforcement

General procedure of beam design for flexure

o Compute the material strength and all design constants

o Geometry determination: including effective depth calculation for serviceability

o Loading and analysis

o Check the depth for flexure and shear or collapse limit state

o Check whether T-section or rectangular beam

o For the intermediate section

o Check for double reinforcement of the web

o Calculate number of bars and decide bar arrangement

o Check available effective depth with the assumed effective depth and revise if

o the available effective depth is less than the assumed effective depth

o Reinforcement detailing If calculated> max, double reinforcement.


If calculated< min, use min.

If min< calculated< max, single reinforcement.

The beams are treated as rectangular beam with b=bw

o Area of steel For singly reinforced As= bd


For Doubly reinforced Ast=As1+As2, Ast-steel on tension zone

As”-Steel on Compression zone.

M2=Md-M1 if fs‟≥fyd, As‟=As2


M1=0.8bd2 fcd max*m(1-0.4 max*m)

Design Solution
Sample of design of beam for Flexure
Considering the beam on Axis C on Fourth Floor:
Geometry: Cross-section
The size of each beam is given to be 450x250mm for intermediate beam and Top Tie Beam
400x500mm for Grade beam.
Bending Moment Diagram
Effective depth

Effective depth

Assumptions: Concrete cover for beam = 25mm

Support moment

O
= + ′
′= + + /2
′ = 25 +8 +20 = 43
= − ′ = 450 − 43 = 407
= 407

 Check whether T-section or rectangular beam For the In Intermediate section


Effective depth (be)

Since our span length is uniform

be<=min {bw +le/5, actual width}


<=min {200+6000/5, 6000}
<=min {1450, 6000}

be=1450mm

Neutral Axis

X=ρ*m*d
We have more than one maximum moments at critical section therefore we should done different
details of reinforcement with each maximum moment on finding ρ.
For the section which has negative bending moment value the section should be rectangular
and the beam width will be bw.
For the section subject to positive bending moment

 If the neutral axis leis with in the flange


 The section should be rectangular
 The beam width equals to the effective width, be
 Y<hf
If the neutral axis lies within the web
 The section should be Tor ᴦ
 Y<hf
 The beam width will be

For T section, be ≤min bw+Le/5 For ᴦ section,be≤min bw+Le/10


Actual width Actual
width
For M=1418KN.m
ρ=0.5(C1± (C12-4*M/(C2*be*d2)0.5)
=0.5(0.0869-(0.08692-4*141.8*10 /(3003.04*1450*(407 ) )
6 2 0.5

=0.000763
ρ<ρmin therefore take ρmin=0.002
X=ρ*m*d =0.002*141.8*407=115.4mm
Y=0.8*X =0.8*115.4=92.3mm

Thus the neutral axis is found within the flange

Y<hf , 92.3<200mm hence the section treated as Rectangular beam of width, bw=250

In the analysis of a cross section of a beam which has to resist a small axial load, the effect
of the ultimate axial load may be ignored if the axial load doesn‟t exceed 0.1 fck times the
cross section
area. [EBCS-2, 1995 Art 4.3.1(2)]

A = 450 * 250 = 112,500mm2

0.1fckA = 0.1 * 20 * 112,500 = 225 KN


But the axial load is beam is <<225 KN

Maximum steel ratio according to [EBCS-2/1995 Section 7.2.1.1(3)]


 The maximum reinforcement ratio for either tensile or compressive
reinforcement is = 0.04
Minimum steel ratio according to [EBCS-2/1995 Section 7.2.1.1(1)]
The geometric ratio of reinforcement at any section of a beam where positive reinforcement

is required by analysis shall not be less than Wher

ed to be equal to that of the substitute beam-column.

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