Asian Studies Draft

NAME: TUAZON, FAISAL A.
SUBJECT: AISAN STUDIES
MAJOR & YEAR: BSED- SOCIAL STUDIES 2 PROFESSOR: ARMANDO C.

CINCO
ANCIENT ASIAN CIVILIZATION

1. Mesopotamian Civilization
Mesopotamian civilizations originated on the banks of the rivers Tigris and Euphrates
(modern-day Iraq and Kuwait). It dates back to 4000-3500 BC and as old as it is, it is
referred to as the cradle of civilisation. In frame: Sumerian temple in Iraq.
Mesopotamian empires- We can safely say that most of the powerful empires came
out of this civilisation. Some of them are the Sumerian, Assyrian, Akkadian, and
Babylonian empires. In frame: Babylon Hill in Iraq.
2. Persian Civilization
When it comes to civilisation, we have to talk about connectivity. The Persians were
advanced enough to be the first to have a regular route connecting the continents of
Asia, Africa and Europe. In frame: Ancient city of Persepolis in Shiraz, Iran.
Persian Empires- Persia was the present-day Iran, The Persian empire spanned from
Egypt to Turkey to Mesopotamia and Indus River. In frame: Xerxes Gate in Persepolis
in Shiraz, Iran.
3. Indus Valley Civilisation
Indus Valley Civilization or the Harappan Civilisation is one of the four greatest
civilisations in the world. It flourished in 2500 BC, on the banks of the Indus River. Indus
Valley Civilisation was spread across India, Pakistan and Afghanistan. In frame:
Mohenjodaro.
Important Indus Valley sites- There are seven main Indus Valley Civilisation cities that
we need to know about. They are Mohenjodaro (Pakistan), Harappa (Pakistan and
India), Kalibangan (Rajasthan), Lothal (Gujarat), Chanhudaru (Pakistan), Dholavira
(Gujarat) and Banawali (Haryana). In frame: Lothal.
4. Chinese Civilisation
Chinese Civilisation or at least the written history of it dates back as early as 1250 BC. It
starts from the Shang dynasty as per the oldest records. Some sources also mention a
Xia dynasty, which is supposed to be older than the Shang dynasty but since there’s no
historical records from Xia dynasty, it remains in limbo as of now.
MEDIEVAL AISAN SOCIETY
Medieval Asia had remarkably free flow of ideas from one society to
another. For example, the flow of Chinese writing and Confucianism into
Japan and Korea, the adoption of the Uyghur script by the Mongols, and
the amazing 800-year rising tide of Islam from Mecca in the 7th century to
Indonesia and the Philippines by the 15th. Chinese inventions like silk,
gunpowder, the compass, and the crossbow spread along the Silk Road,
finally crossing Asia completely to reach Europe.
Tribute payments were another major form of interaction, especially around

China. Chinese ideology tended to class any neighboring ruler who paid
tribute as being a vassal or subject of the Emperor. In fact, the tributary
ruler might be a good deal more independent than the Emperor realized or
admitted. China in turn began paying large tribute payments to the
Khitans/Qidans in 1005 - three tons of silver a year and twice that amount
of silk.
Of course, raiding, warfare and slavery were very common interactions,

especially for India, constantly victimized by the Islamic invasions of
Mahmud of Ghazni, Tamerlane, and Babur. China's northern border was
constantly vulnerable to attacks by Khitans, Tanguts, Jurchens, and
Mongols, the last of whom conquered the whole country. Even when the
Ming restored the Chinese empire in 1368, the Oirat Mongols and wokou
pirates based in Japan continued to raid China and carry Chinese into
slavery. The Mongols dominated huge portions of Asia from the 13th to
16th centuries, destroying the Library of Baghdad and contributing to the
decline of Islamic civilization.
The Mongol Khanates were religiously tolerant, but the Muslims and
Chinese had been largely tolerant of Christians and Jews also, so the
Mongols' tolerance wasn't much of a benefit except in Christian Russia.
The Muslims were not at all tolerant of Hindus, who were not classed as
People of the Book, but the Mongols did not liberate India from Muslim rule,
so the Khanates' tolerance was no help to the Hindus.
In Western Asia, the Byzantine-Muslim conflict went back and forth for 800
years, but finally led to the fall of Constantinople and extinction of the
Byzantine Empire in 1453. Under the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates,
Islamic Western Asia managed to knit together Arabic and Persian
civilization in a remarkable degree of harmony for a while, but the Shi'a-
Sunni split and the Turkish invasions from Central Asia finally returned the
Middle East to its usual condition of constant warfare.
COLONIALISM AND IMPERIALISM IN ASIA

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NAME: TUAZON, FAISAL A.

SUBJECT: AISAN STUDIES

MAJOR & YEAR: BSED- SOCIAL STUDIES 2 PROFESSOR: ARMANDO C.

ANCIENT ASIAN CIVILIZATION

3. Indus Valley Civilisation

MEDIEVAL AISAN SOCIETY

Tribute payments were another major form of interaction, especially around

Of course, raiding, warfare and slavery were very common interactions,

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