SUMMARY PROJECT REPORT

PROPOSED WAREHOUSE
DEVELOPMENT ON L.R. NO. MAU
SUMMIT/MOLO BLOCK 1/1285 (MUTIRITHIA)
NAKURU COUNTY

Proposed Site 0.26119, 35.74389

Proponent
MOSES NDUNGU KIARIE
P. O. BOX 609 – 20106
MOLO

Report is Summary Project Report (SPR) submitted to the Environment Management

Authority (NEMA) in conformity with the requirements of the Environmental (Impact
Assessment and Audit) (Amendment) Regulations, 2019.
DOCUMENT AUTHENTICATION

This SRP has been prepared in accordance with Environmental (Impact Assessment and Audit)
(Amendment) Regulations, 2019 of the Environmental Management & Coordination Act, 1999
Legal Notice No. 32.

LEAD EIA/AUDIT EXPERT

Malachi O. Okelo: EIA/Audit Expert

NEMA Reg. No. 5103

Signature:

Date:

Proponent

Moses Ndungu Kiarie

P. O. Box 609 - 20106
MOLO

Do hereby certify that this SPR was prepared based on site visits and therefore, the information
provided are reliable and true.

Signature:

On Behalf of

Date:

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 Table of Contents

DOCUMENT AUTHENTICATION ........................................................................................................... 1

1.0 NATURE OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT .................................................................................. 5
1.1 Project Overview: Warehouse Construction .................................................................................. 5
1.1.1 Project Objectives ........................................................................................................................... 5
1.1.2 Scope of Work ............................................................................................................................... 5
1.1.3 Project Phases ................................................................................................................................. 5
1.1.4 Timeline ......................................................................................................................................... 6
1.1.5 Budget ............................................................................................................................................. 6
1.1.6 Stakeholders .................................................................................................................................... 6
1.1.7 Risk Management ........................................................................................................................... 6
1.1.8 Sustainability Considerations ......................................................................................................... 6
1.2 Ground Situation ................................................................................................................................. 7
1.3 Trunk Infrastructural and Utilities ....................................................................................................... 7
1.4 Design Criteria, Standards and Neighborhood Development .............................................................. 7
1.5 General Construction Specifications ................................................................................................... 7
1.5.1 Site Clearance ................................................................................................................................. 7
1.5.2 Foundation Excavations .................................................................................................................. 8
1.5.3 Filling Under-Surface Beds in Buildings......................................................................................... 8
1.5.4 Anti-Termite Treatment .................................................................................................................. 8
1.5.5 Polythene Sheeting .......................................................................................................................... 9
1.5.6 Existing Services ............................................................................................................................. 9
1.6 Concrete Work .................................................................................................................................... 9
1.6.1 Codes of Practice............................................................................................................................. 9
1.6.2 Supervision ..................................................................................................................................... 9
1.6.3 Cement ............................................................................................................................................ 9
1.6.4 Aggregates ...................................................................................................................................... 9
1.6.5 Concrete Mixes ............................................................................................................................. 10
1.6.6 Steel Reinforcement ...................................................................................................................... 10
1.6.7 Fabric Reinforcement .................................................................................................................... 10
1.6.8 Fixing Steel Reinforcement ........................................................................................................... 10

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 1.6.9 Formwork...................................................................................................................................... 10
1.7 Walling ............................................................................................................................................. 10
1.7.1 Cement and lime ........................................................................................................................... 10
1.7.2 Sand .............................................................................................................................................. 11
1.7.3 Stone ............................................................................................................................................. 11
1.7.4 Reinforced walls ........................................................................................................................... 11
1.7.5 Wall ties ........................................................................................................................................ 11
1.7.6 Fair Face ....................................................................................................................................... 11
1.7.7 Pointing ......................................................................................................................................... 11
1.7.8 Bricks ............................................................................................................................................ 11
1.7.9 Damp-proof Course ....................................................................................................................... 12
1.8 Roofing ............................................................................................................................................. 12
1.8.1 Sheet roofing generally ................................................................................................................. 12
1.8.2 Steel Sheet and aluminium Sheet Roofing..................................................................................... 12
1.9 Project Cost ....................................................................................................................................... 12
2.0 PROJECT LOCATION ................................................................................................................. 13
2.1 Proposed Site .................................................................................................................................... 13
2.2 Proof of land Ownership ................................................................................................................... 13
2.3 Environmental Setting ....................................................................................................................... 13
2.3.1 Geography ..................................................................................................................................... 13
2.3.2 Climate .......................................................................................................................................... 13
2.3.3 Biodiversity ................................................................................................................................... 13
2.3.4 Water Resources ........................................................................................................................... 13
2.3.5 Agriculture .................................................................................................................................... 14
2.3.6 Conservation Issues ....................................................................................................................... 14
2.4 Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs) .......................................................................................... 14
2.5 Environmental Management Infrastructure ....................................................................................... 14
2.6 Zonation Plan .................................................................................................................................... 15
3.0 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES ...................... 16
3.1 Basis of Identification of Impacts ...................................................................................................... 16
3.2 Physical Environment (Biophysical Impacts) ................................................................................... 16
3.2.1 Natural Environment ..................................................................................................................... 16
3.2.2 Social welfare, Economic and Cultural Environment .................................................................... 16
3.3 Positive Impacts of the Projects (Construction)................................................................................. 17

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 3.3.1 Employment Opportunities ........................................................................................................... 17
3.3.2 Increase in economic activities in the area .................................................................................... 18
3.3.3. Skills acquisition ........................................................................................................................... 19
3.4 Specific Negative Impacts during Construction and Operational Phases and Mitigation Measures .. 19
3.4.1 Air quality ......................................................................................................................................... 19
3.4.2 Soil Erosion................................................................................................................................... 20
3.4.3 Solid Waste ................................................................................................................................... 21
3.4.4 Noise pollutionConstruction phase................................................................................................ 22
3.4.5 Increased Water DemandConstruction Phase ................................................................................ 23
3.4.6 Surface DrainageConstruction phase............................................................................................. 23
3.4.7 Workplace Accidents .................................................................................................................... 24
3.4.8 Fire Hazards .................................................................................................................................. 24
3.4.9 Occupational Health and Safety (OHS)Construction phase .......................................................... 25

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1.0 NATURE OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT

1.1 Project Overview: Warehouse Construction

1.1.1 Project Objectives
 Construct a modern, efficient warehouse facility.
 Enhance logistical capabilities for storage and distribution.
 Incorporate sustainable practices and technologies.

1.1.2 Scope of Work

 Site preparation and grading.
 Foundation and structural framework construction.
 Installation of roofing, walls, and insulation.
 Electrical, plumbing, and HVAC systems installation.
 Interior layout planning for storage and operations.
 Landscaping and site improvements.

1.1.3 Project Phases

Phase 1: Planning and Design
 Conduct feasibility studies and site assessments.
 Develop architectural and engineering plans.
 Obtain necessary permits and approvals.
Phase 2: Site Preparation
 Clear the site and perform grading.
 Establish utilities (water, electricity, sewage).
Phase 3: Foundation and Structure
 Pour concrete foundation.
 Construct the structural framework (steel or reinforced concrete).
 Install roofing and exterior walls.
Phase 4: Systems Installation
 Install electrical, plumbing, and HVAC systems.
 Implement fire safety and security systems.
Phase 5: Interior Construction
 Build out interior spaces (offices, restrooms, storage areas).

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  Install shelving, racking, and other storage solutions.
Phase 6: Finishing Touches
 Complete exterior landscaping and parking areas.
 Final inspections and quality checks.
Phase 7: Handover and Operation
 Conduct final walkthrough and address any punch list items.
 Train staff on operational procedures.
 Officially open the warehouse for operations.

1.1.4 Timeline
 Estimated duration: 6-12 months (depending on size and complexity).

1.1.5 Budget
 Preliminary budget estimate: 5 million shillings (to be detailed in the financial plan).
 Consideration of contingencies for unforeseen costs.

1.1.6 Stakeholders
 Project manager
 Architects and engineers
 Construction contractors
 Local government and regulatory agencies
 Future warehouse staff and management

1.1.7 Risk Management

 Identify potential risks (weather delays, budget overruns).
 Develop mitigation strategies (contingency planning, insurance).

1.1.8 Sustainability Considerations

 Use of eco-friendly materials.
 Energy-efficient designs and renewable energy sources.
 Waste reduction and recycling efforts during construction.

This overview provides a structured approach to the warehouse construction project, ensuring that
all critical aspects are addressed for successful completion.

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1.2 Ground Situation
The existing ground situation will be altered through clearing of existing vegetation and other
barriers/structures to pave way for development of proposed project on the site. The site has a
moderately flat land thus does not pose any challenges to do with gradient. As a result, cases of
flooding and or need for cut and fill during construction which is expensive are not anticipated.

1.3 Trunk Infrastructural and Utilities

Foul Water Drainage: The proposed development will generate some amount of waste water
though very minimal to vastly impact the environment. The proposed development will also
incorporate development of a sewage facility. The wastewater generated will be discharged into
a septic tank.

Storm Water Drainage: The proposed development will generate surface water. It is therefore
recommended that adequate and well drainage channels be provided to accommodate the
increased discharge.

Solid Waste Disposal: The proposed development will generate solid waste. It is recommended
that private waste management contractors be contracted to collect the waste.

1.4 Design Criteria, Standards and Neighborhood Development

The design criteria, standards and characteristics of the proposed residential/commercial project
will include the following among others:

 All works to be carried out in accordance with the county government regulations.
 All drainage passing under building and drive areas to be of PVC pipes.
 All sanitary work to be in accordance with public health rules and regulations.
 All reinforced concrete (RC) works to be to structural engineer’s details.
1.5 General Construction Specifications
1.5.1 Site Clearance
The project shall involve site clearance by the cutting down of all trees, stumps, bushes,
vegetation , removal of barriers and any existing structures, burning the debris arising in
approved locations and carting remaining material to a tip provided by the contractor. The
contractor shall consult the Architect before cutting down or pruning any tree on the Site.

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1.5.2 Foundation Excavations
The foundation trenches and column bases shall be excavated to the widths and depths of the
concrete foundations shown on the drawings or to such widths and depths as the Engineer may
instruct after examination of the excavations. Excavation in excess of that shown on the
drawings, or defined by the latest edition of the standard Method of Measurements of Building

Works will be backfilled at the Contractor’s expense with concrete as specified for the
foundations to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

1.5.3 Filling Under-Surface Beds in Buildings

(a) Murram Filling
Murram for filling as base course shall be from an approved source and of the highest quality.
It shall be laid in layers not less than 150mm thick and not greater than 225mm thick prior to
compaction. Water will be applied to O.M.O. and each layer will be thoroughly compacted by
at least 8 passes of a 10-tonne smooth wheeled roller or a 2-tonne vibrating roller until all
movement c and 100% C.B.R. is obtained.

(b) Hardcore Filling

Hardcore filling shall be crushed rock, broken concrete or other approved granular materials
broken to pass not greater than a 150mm ring or to be 75% of the finished thickness of
the layers being compacted whichever is the less and graded so that it can be easily and
thoroughly compacted by rolling. The filling is to be laid in the layers each of a consolidated
thickness not exceeding 225mm.

1.5.4 Anti-Termite Treatment

The top surface of the filling shall be treated with gladiator T C pesticides to be supplied and
applied by Rentokil Ltd. or other equal and approved firm strictly in accordance with the
satisfaction of the Architect. The contractor must destroy any termite nests found within the
perimeter of the building and within 20meters from the building externally and take out and
destroy queens, impregnate holes and tunnels with approved insecticide and backfill with hard
material, well rammed and consolidated. The specialist shall be required to issue a ten year
guarantee to the employer.

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1.5.5 Polythene Sheeting
Polythene sheeting to be used will be from an approved manufacturer. The Joints on sheeting
shall be treble folded with a 150mm fold and taped at 300mm intervals with 50mm wide black
plastic adhesive tapes. The sheeting shall not be stretched but shall be laid loose with sufficient
wrinkles to permit shrinkage by up to 15%. The contractor shall ensure that the membrane is not
pierced during laying and concreting.

1.5.6 Existing Services

Before commencing works the Contractor shall ascertain from the relevant local authorities and
all other public bodies, companies and persons who may be affected, the position and the depths
of their respective ducts, cables, mains, or pipes and appurtenances. He shall thereupon search
for and locate such services. Active existing services shall be adequately protected from damage
or relocated as directed by the architect. Inactive services shall be removed or sealed off in
accordance with the direction of the Architect.

1.6 Concrete Work

1.6.1 Codes of Practice
All workmanship, materials, tests and performances in connection with reinforced concrete shall
be in conformity with the latest edition of the British Standard for Concrete Works - B.S. B110
parts 1&2, B.S. 8004, B.S. 8007.

1.6.2 Supervision
A competent person approved by the Engineer shall be employed by the Contractor whose duty
will be to supervise all stages in the preparation and placing of the concrete. All cubes shall be
made and site tests carried out under his direct supervision in consultation with the Engineer.

1.6.3 Cement
Cement, unless otherwise specified, shall comply with the requirements of K.S.02-21. A
manufacturer’s certificate of test in accordance with this standard shall be supplied for each
consignment delivered to the site.

1.6.4 Aggregates
Aggregate shall conform to the requirement K.S. 02-95 and shall be from approved sources.
And shall be delivered to the site in their prescribed sizes or gradings and shall be stock-

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piled on paved areas to the boarded platforms in separate units to avoid intermixing. The
aggregates shall not be stock-piled on the ground.

1.6.5 Concrete Mixes

The quantity of cement shall be measured by weight. Where delivered in bags each batch of
concrete is to contain one or more bags of cement in accordance with the proportions specified.

1.6.6 Steel Reinforcement

The steel reinforcement shall comply with the latest requirements of the following Standards:
KS 02-22, KS4449, BS4461 and BS4482.

1.6.7 Fabric Reinforcement

Fabric reinforcement shall be electrically cross-welded steel wire mesh reinforcement to B.S.
4483 and of the size and weight specified and made of wire to B.S.4482

1.6.8 Fixing Steel Reinforcement

Reinforcement shall be accurately bent to the shapes and dimensions shown on the drawings
and schedules and in accordance with B.S 4466 and B.S. 8810. Reinforcement must be cut and
bent cold and no welded joints will be permitted unless as detailed or directed by the Engineer.

1.6.9 Formwork
Formwork shall be subsequently and rigidly constructed of timber, steel, plastic, precast
concreteor other approved material. All timber framework shall be good, sound, clean, sawn,
well- seasoned timber free from warps and loose knots and of scantlings and strong for their
purposes.

1.7 Walling
1.7.1 Cement and lime
Cement used for making mortar shall be as described in concrete work. The lime for making
mortar shall be obtained from an approved source and shall comply with BS 890 Class for non-
hydraulic lime. The lime to be run to putty in an approved lined pit or container. The water to
be first run into the pit or container and the lime to be added until it is completely submerged,
stirred vigorously until all lumps are disintegrated and shall be kept constantly covered with
water and regularly stirred for at least four weeks. The resulting milk lime is then run through a
fine sieve and run into a pit or other container and kept clean and moist for less than two weeks

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before being used in the works.

1.7.2 Sand
Sand used for making mortar shall be clean well graded siliceous sand of good sharp hard quality
equal to samples which shall be deposited with an approved by the architect. It shall be free from
lumps of stone, earth, loam, dust, salt, organic matter and other deleterious substances, passed
through a fine sieve and washed with clean water if so directed by the architect.

1.7.3 Stone
All stone shall comply with the requirements of CP 121. 202 for masonry and rubble walls
respectively except where amended or extended by the following clauses.

1.7.4 Reinforced walls

Steel reinforcing bars in walls shall be carefully placed and spacers used to ensure that a
minimum of 20mm cover is given to the reinforcement unless otherwise specified. Horizontal
reinforcement in mortar joints shall be laid such that the reinforcement is not in contact with the
blocks or stone.

1.7.5 Wall ties

20-Gauge wall ties, size 25 x 450mm long, shall be provided to connect walls to steel or concrete
columns and beams and to connect two unbounded leaves of wall. Wall ties shall be provided at
450mm centers both vertically and 900mm centers horizontally and shall be staggered when
usedto connect two leaves of unbounded wall. Wall ties shall be embedded into each material
by a minimum of 75mm

1.7.6 Fair Face

All concrete and hollow block work described shall be finished with a fair face is to be built to
a true and even face with the joints finished s specified hereinafter.

1.7.7 Pointing
Pointing walls shall be prepared for pointing by raking out all loose or friable material to a
minimum of 15mm to form a square recess. The joints shall then be wetted and new mortar shall
be forced into the joints and finished as directed.

1.7.8 Bricks

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Bricks for construction work must conform to B. S. 3921 and be hard, square, well-fired and
freefrom deep cracks, pebbles or visible lime particles. Unless otherwise stated, common bricks
will be in nominal size 225 x 113 x 75mm

1.7.9 Damp-proof Course

Damp-proof courses shall be hessian based bituminous felt to B. S. 743 weighing not less than
3.8 kg per square meter.
1.8 Roofing
1.8.1 Sheet roofing generally
All sheet coverings shall be laid away from the prevailing weather i.e. the exposed edge of
thetop most sheet to be on its leeward side.

1.8.2 Steel Sheet and aluminium Sheet Roofing

Corrugated steel sheets are to conform to KS06-02 Part 1 and are to be galvanized after
formation and of the gauges specified, laid with 11/2 corrugation side laps and 150mm endlaps.
Sheets are to be properly stacked on battens and if kept in the open are to be stacked inclined to
facilitate run-off of rainwater. Fixing corrugated steel sheeting is to be by means of 14 gauge
drive screws in the case of a timber roof supporting structure, and 6mm galvanized hook bolts
in the case of a steel supporting structure.

Both types of fixing to incorporate a bituminous felt washer backed by a cranked diamond
shaped aluminum washer immediately below the screw head or nut whichever the case may be.
Each sheet is to have a minimum of two fixings and the holes for the bolts or screws are to be
drilled through. The crown of corrugation will be of such size to give a 0.80mm clearance on
the bolt or screw. Pre-painted roofing sheets are to be finished with coating of an approved color
sprayed on and oven cured at the works. Care will be taken to avoid damage to the finish and
small scratches and blemishes are to be touched up on site with paint supplied by the
manufacturer of the sheets.

1.9 Project Cost

The proposed residential development will cost Kshs. 8.1 million. (See attached B.Q. Summary)

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2.0 PROJECT LOCATION

2.1 Proposed Site

The proposed site is located at Munju area about 850m from Kasino Peace along the Molo-
Mau/Summit Rd (C56). Munju area is located within Molo sub-county, which is situated in Nakuru
County, Kenya, approximately 3 km northwest of Munju West. The project site falls within a small
commercial area which has sprouted over time. The area is endowed with road network, electricity
supply and other infrastructure. The project site is in coordinates: 0.26119, 35.74389.

2.2 Proof of land Ownership

The land for the proposed project belongs to the proponent, Moses Ndungu Kiarie as indicated in the
title deed.

2.3 Environmental Setting

The Munju area in Molo, Kenya, has a distinct environmental setting characterized by several key
features:

2.3.1 Geography
Munju is located in the Rift Valley region, surrounded by rolling hills and fertile land. The area is
known for its scenic landscapes and proximity to the Mau Forest, one of Kenya's largest forest
reserves.

2.3.2 Climate
The climate in Munju is generally temperate, with two main rainy seasons. The long rains occur from
March to May, while the short rains are from October to December. The temperatures are moderate,
making it suitable for agriculture.

2.3.3 Biodiversity
The region is rich in biodiversity, with various plant and animal species. The nearby Mau Forest
supports diverse ecosystems, including indigenous trees, shrubs, and wildlife such as antelopes, birds,
and other fauna.

2.3.4 Water Resources

Several rivers and streams flow through the Munju area, providing essential water for irrigation and
domestic use. These water bodies are crucial for supporting agriculture and local communities.

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2.3.5 Agriculture
The fertile volcanic soil in Munju makes it an agricultural hub. Farmers grow a variety of crops,
including tea, potatoes, maize, and vegetables. The region is known for its tea plantations, which
contribute significantly to the local economy.

2.3.6 Conservation Issues

The Munju area faces environmental challenges such as deforestation, land degradation, and the
impacts of climate change. Conservation efforts are essential to protect the local ecosystems and
ensure sustainable development.

2.4 Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs)

There are no landscape elements in the area which would be vital to long-term maintenance of
biological diversity, soil, water or other natural resource on the site. In essence, there are no
wetlands, archeological/historical sites, drinking water intakes, habitats, steep slopes, wildlife
habitats, or prime agricultural lands which would be affected by the proposed project.

2.5 Environmental Management Infrastructure

Steady population growth, urbanization, global warming, and industrial development place steadily
increasing demands on the existing infrastructure, and these demands in turn create a need for
planning, design and construction of new environmental works. Generally, within Bahati Sub-
County, there is a relatively well managed environmental infrastructure which has seen availability
of tapwater though this is supplemented by water vendors, there are no incidences of ground water
contamination, and other environmental or public health problems.

Water supply system: There are efforts made by the county government of Nakuru to put up proper
infrastructure for the collection, transmission, treatment, storage and distribution of water for
homes and commercial establishments in the area. The proposed project will depend on piped water
supply during construction and operational phases.

Wastewater treatment: Water pollution is caused primarily by the drainage of contaminated

wastewater into surface water or groundwater. Wastewater treatment is a major element of water
pollution control. The wastewater treatment infrastructure to be employed in the proposed project
is installation of septic tanks.

Solid waste management: The tasks of solid-waste management present complex technical

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challenges. In fact, they pose a wide variety of administrative, economic, and social problems that
must be managed and solved. The major nonhazardous solid waste likely to be generated during
operation of the proposed project is refuse, which are garbage and rubbish. These will be disposed
by NEMA licensed waste handlers. Dumpsters may be used for temporary storage until the waste is
collected. During construction of the project, construction and demolition (C&D) waste is likely to
be generated, and because C&D waste is inert and nonhazardous, it will be disposed of in sub-county
sanitary landfill.

2.6 Zonation Plan

Zonation plan aims to balance agricultural productivity, conservation, and community development in
the Munju area, promoting sustainable use of resources while preserving the environment. The
proposed project will also be guided by existing spatial plans for the area, asprovided under the County
Government Act.

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 3.0 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

3.1 Basis of Identification of Impacts

In order to accurately identify the environmental impacts, the following environmental issues
were considered as pertinent and important.

3.2 Physical Environment (Biophysical Impacts)

 Water quality aspects for both surface water sources like piped water, storm water, and
other related aspects.
 Soil conditions, soil contamination and landscape alterations/degradation (based on
aesthetic aspects) associated with the proposed project.
 Drainage patterns especially in relation to wastewater effluents
 Air quality aspects especially atmospheric emissions and related discharges from
machinery like diesel run equipment etc.
 Noise and vibrations where applicable
3.2.1 Natural Environment

 Flora and fauna from the adjacent ecosystem (i.e. effects to natural plants and animals
where applicable).
 Adjacent river pollution indicators, impacts on water flow patterns and quality aspects,
user interference and contamination.
 Topography: effects on soil and landscape.
3.2.2 Social welfare, Economic and Cultural Environment

 Determination of implications to the human society distribution, demographic details,

settlement patterns, changes to the cultural lifestyle and indigenous knowledge of the
local society/public where applicable.
 Notable changes in land use systems and the general land utilization types where applicable.
 Aesthetic, landscape alterations and changes to infrastructural facilities, among others.
 Effects associated with the construction and operation activities and related handling and
disposal of wastes generated during the operations.

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3.3 Positive Impacts of the Projects (Construction)
3.3.1 Employment Opportunities
The county‘s labour force was projected to be 468,474 in 2017 out of which 205,964 were men and
262,510 were women. It is projected that this will increase to 510,036 in 2022. In view of these
dynamics, there will be need to invest in key sectors of the economy in order to create employment
opportunities for this force.

Wage employment in the county forms approximately 17% of the total employment opportunities
scattered across various sectors including agriculture, Non-Governmental Organizations, the
government and in the transport industry. Agriculture alone provides approximately 61% of all
employment opportunities in the county.

It is estimated that approximately 40% which translates to 172,120 persons in the counties labour
force is unemployed. These high levels of unemployment may be explained by low access to
affordable credits, lack of collateral and more often overreliance on white collar jobs with total
disregard to self-employment. In this regard, more opportunities need to be created with an aim of
addressing the unemployment problem.

Labour will be sourced locally in the county. During construction, approximately 100 casual
labourers will be needed and based on the existing unemployment situation, the required labor will
be easily available in the county. Employment opportunities are a benefit both in economic and
social sense.In the economic sense, it means abundant unskilled labour will be used in economic
production. In the social sense, these young and energetic otherwise poor people will be engaged in
productive employment other than remaining idle.

The Labour will include skilled labour from the contractor’s team which will formapproximately
10% of the total work force, both gender will be considered for semi-skilled and unskilled labour
(casual labourers). Remaining idle may attract them into social ills like drug abuse and other
criminal activities like robberies. Several workers including casual laborers, masons, carpenters,
joiners, electricians and plumbers are expected to work on the site during the project cycle. Apart
from casual labor, semi-skilled and unskilled labor and formal employees are also expected to obtain
gainful employment during the period of construction. It is expected that women will also be
employed during the construction phase.

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 The Construction activities will also offer indirect employment especially for women which
includes food vendors who will have more customers for their food and thus improved income for
the locals. This will also have a similar effect to traders operating around the project area.

The proponent should emphasize the use of local unskilled labour by any engaged contractor as
far as feasible to enhance benefits for the local population.
Enhancement measures
 All construction workers should be employed and remunerated in accordance with the
provisions of Kenyan labour laws and best international practices as contained in ILO
Labour and working conditions.
 Capacity building and training of men, women and youth on specialized labour that will be
required during construction;
 Gender mainstreaming should be implemented during the recruitment process of workers
to work in the construction process;
 Inclusion of availability of jobs for the project and process for recruitment into the
communications plan.

3.3.2 Increase in economic activities in the area

With the construction of the proposed project, it is expected that new forms of economic activities
will crop up thus reducing the losses suffered during droughts. Economic activities bordering on
material sourcing within the county will improve the sales of commodities services such as:
 Cement;
 Sand;
Petrol;
 Motor vehicle related spares and services; and
 Increased number of people seeking services of from recreational facilities

This will be an opportunity for the suppliers of construction materials and other utility suppliers to
create market and sell their goods in the project area. In turn, this will boost their profit margin which
is an advantage to their businesses. The spill-over effect because of tax remittance will contribute
towards economic development of the nation. The project seeks to acquire aggregate from
commercial quarries and which will improve business for the traders in the sector. It is expected that
cumulatively, the project will lead to great improvement on the economy of the project area.

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3.3.3. Skills acquisition

The employees in the project will have a chance to interact with people of different skills and levels
thereby learning new skill. Apprenticeship is also expected to be a form of skill transfer especially
for the casual labourers during construction phase. It is expected some of the casual workers will be
able to gain experience which they will use to work in other projects.
Recommendations
 Jobs that do not require skills acquired through institutional training such as concrete
mixing, making formworks can allow for on job experience for new employees.
 Specialist training should be incorporated within the project implementation targeting local
personnel for O&M implementers, occupational safety and health instrumentation and
associated fields.

3.4 Specific Negative Impacts during Construction and Operational Phases and Mitigation
Measures

The issues that are seen as likely to negatively affect the environment and population therein
include the following:

3.4.1 Air quality

Construction Phase
Dust is likely to be generated due to excavation activities, during building construction and
deliveries of sand. There may be minimal air pollution due to combustion of fossil fuels expected
from construction machinery. The proponent will ensure that plant and equipment which will be
acquired for on site preparation of pre-cast materials and concrete mixing will utilize the latest
technology to have minimum emission.

Operational Phase
During operational phase, air quality is not likely to be affected.

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 Potential mitigation measures
 Provision of full protective gear for workers.
 Workers shall also be sensitized on hazards encountered in such work environment and
shall undergo regular health check-ups.
 Watering access roads and the site to suppress dust
 Covering truck loads using tarpaulins
 Personnel will be also provided with dust masks to avoid inhalation of the same.
 Stock piles will also be covered with tarpaulins.
3.4.2 Soil Erosion
Construction Phase
The activities involved in the site preparation and construction phase of the development may have
a minor negative and moderate impact on soil and geology of the project site. This is due to the
removal of vegetation from the area which will leave considerable areas of soil exposed to the
elements, which may result in soil erosion.

Operational phase
The building roof and pavements will lead to increased volume and velocity of storm water or runoff
flowing across the area covered by the building. This will lead to increased amounts of storm water
entering the drainage systems, resulting in overflow and damage to such systems in addition to
increased erosion or water logging in the neighboring areas.

Potential mitigation measures

 Excavation should be done under controlled conditions which will include minimizing
vegetation removal, avoiding creating large open expanses of bare soil, creating wind
breaks.
 Landscaping should be done on the land during the operation phase and decommissioning
phase to ensure that the same is returned to its original state. The contractor should also
provide adequate soil conservation structures to ensure that areas prone to soil erosion are
protected from runoff.

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3.4.3 Solid Waste

Construction Phase
A significant amount of solid waste will be generated in this phase through the clearing of
vegetation. The other activities that will generate related solid wastes include stones, wood,
broken glasses, containers, rods of metal, sharp objects (nails) etc. This will thereforehave a
major negative short-term impact on solid waste collection in the area. The proponent should take
the initiative of removal of the solid waste which is expected to be generatedduring this phase
of the development.

Operational phase
The project is expected to generate solid waste during its operation phase. Solid waste will be
generated from the residential houses and the associated facilities. The accumulation of solid waste
can cause the proliferation of domestic pests such as rats. These vermin are very destructive and
can rapidly multiply especially where garbage collection is infrequent and therefore food is
abundant.

This phase may also encourage stray animals such as dogs which can be nuisance speciesbecause
they may bring with them ecto-parasites such as fleas (Ctenocephalidescanis) and ticks (Ixodes sp.)
which can create health problems for domestic pets. The bulk of the solid waste generated during
the operation of the project will consist of paper, plastic, glass, metal, textileand organic wastes.
Such wastes can be injurious to the environment through blockage of drainage systems, choking of
water bodies and negative impacts on animal health. Some of these waste materials especially the
plastic/polythene is not biodegradable may cause long term injurious effects to the environment.
Even the biodegradable ones such as organic waste may be injurious to the environment because as
they decompose, they produce methane gas, a powerful greenhouse gas known to contribute to
global warming.

Potential mitigation measures for solid waste

 Express condition shall be put in the contract that before the contractor is issued with a
completion certificate; he will clear the site of all debris and restore it to a state acceptable
to the supervising architect and environmental consultant.
 Materials from excavation of the ground and foundation works shall be reused for
earthworks and landscaping. Bins/ receptacles shall be placed at strategic locations within

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 the site as collection centers to facilitate separation and sorting of the various types of
wastes.
 The contractor and proponent shall work hand in hand with private refuse handlers to
facilitate sound waste management.
 The wastes shall be properly segregated and separated to encourage recycling of some
useful waste materials i.e. some demolished stone and concrete materials can be used as
backfills.
 Use of an integrated solid waste management system through a hierarchy options i.e. source
reduction, recycling, composting and reuse shall be encouraged. This will facilitate proper
handling of solid waste during operation stage.

3.4.4 Noise pollution

Construction phase
This phase of the development may likely have the most negative impact to the ambient noise and
vibration in the development area. A number of measures may be undertaken by thedeveloper to
reduce the impact of noise on the existing and potential residents as well as the workers involved
in the project. This is temporary, however, and the aim at this point is to make the increase in noise
as small as possible until this phase is complete. The cumulative impact of the construction
activities occurring simultaneously with the other proposed developments for the area may
increase the noise and vibration levels in the area significantly.

Operation Phase
This phase is not likely to cause noise pollution as residential activities do not cause anysignificant
noise.

Proposed mitigation measures

 Equipment to be used should be selected on the basis of the noise minimization during
acquisition.
 Equipment should also be properly maintained while in use during the construction
phase.
 The equipment to be used should be located far away from the receivers and also so as to
prevent interference,

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3.4.5 Increased Water Demand
Construction Phase
This phase of the development might place a strain on an already limited supply through the
construction of buildings and other infrastructural works proposed for the development. This will
create additional demand to the water supply.

Operational phase
The operation phase of the proposed project might place a strain on the water availability in the
area. Even with the use of recycled water for irrigation, the current supply will have a cumulative
major negative impact on already limited supply. This phase of the development will therefore
have a negative long-term impact on the water availability in the area.

Potential mitigation measures

 Provision of notices and information signs within the project site to notify on means and
needs to conserve water resource.
 Encourage water recycling during both construction and occupation phases of the project.

3.4.6 Surface Drainage

Construction phase
Clearance of land and excavation works will lead to increased soil erosion at the project site and
release of sediments into the drainage systems.

Operational phase
The building roofs and pavements will lead to increased volume and velocity of storm water or
runoff lowing across the area covered by the buildings. This will lead to increased amounts of
storm water entering the drainage systems, resulting in overflow and damage to such systems.
Potential mitigation measures
 Terracing and leveling the project site to reduce run-off velocity and increase infiltration
of rainwater into the soil.
 Drainage channels shall be installed in all areas that generate or receive surface water.
 The channels will be covered with gratings or other suitably approved materials to
prevent occurrence of accidents and dirt entry that may compromise flow of run-off.
 The channels shall be designed with regard to peak volumes.

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  Paving of the sidewalks, parking and other open areas shall be done using pervious
materials i.e. Concrete blocks to encourage water percolation thus reducing run-off
volume.

3.4.7 Workplace Accidents

Workers at the site may be exposed to various workplace accidents especially during construction
period. These include being hit by falling objects and falling off from elevated heights among others.
During operation period, accidents may include exposure to exposed electrical parts.

Potential mitigation measures

Occurrences of accidents may be prevented by observing the following:
 Ensuring that the operational manuals are available and accessible for every
equipment/machinery used at the site.
 Proper maintenance of all machinery and equipment to prevent premature failure or
possible accidents
 Ensuring all electrical equipment and machinery are properly grounded
 Only properly trained employees to operate equipment or machinery and proper
instructions in their safe operation is provided.
 Workers to wear personal protective equipment (PPE) Naked wires should always be
sealed

3.4.8 Fire Hazards

The operations that lead to fire outbreaks include poor handling of electricity systems, faulty
electrical equipment, carelessness etc. These should be avoided both during construction and
operation phases of the project.

Potential mitigation measures

In this regard, the design of the project has provided and recommended implementation of
firefighting measures and control facilities. These include the following:

 Installation of an automatic fire alarm system for the building

 Provision of firefighting equipment and hydrant points
 Display fire excavation procedures and emergency at the buildings

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  Regular maintenance of fire electrical and first aid equipment
 Provision of sufficient fire exit points and fire assembly points

3.4.9 Occupational Health and Safety (OHS)

Construction phase
During the proposed project construction works, there may be increased risks to health and
safety such as dust, air, and noise pollution. The workforce and general public involved would be
more subjected to these possible environmental hazards and disturbances. Food for the
construction workforce is usually provided by individuals most of who in most cases operate
without public health licenses. This can compromise health of the workers especially if such
foodstuff is not prepared following strict hygiene standards. Flammable substances including
diesel and motor oil may be stored or used within the project site for heavy-duty equipment. These
substances are precursors for fires and explosions, which may range from small incipient to larger
fires of great intensity, which generates heat causing damage to property, injuries orloss of
human life.

Operational phase
It is expected that LPG, which is highly flammable will be used for cooking, which may increase
the vulnerability of the project to a fire or explosion.

Potential mitigation measures

During construction, the contractor will be required to prepare a waste management plan for the
worksite and equipment camp at the start of the project. The site is to be kept clean, neat and tidy
at all times. The contractor shall implement measures to minimize waste and develop a waste
management plan to include the following:

 All personnel shall be instructed to dispose of waste in designated waste baskets. At all
places of work, the contractor shall provide litter collection facilities.
 The final disposal of the site waste shall be done at the location that shall be approved by
the engineer on site. This must be in full recognition of the existing legal requirements.
 There shall be provision of sufficient bins to store the solid waste produced on a daily
basis.
 Wherever possible, materials used or generated by construction shall be recycled.

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 Provision shall also be made of responsible management of any hazardous waste generated
during the construction works.
 Workmen shall be provided with suitable protective gear (such as dust masks, ear muffs,
helmets, overalls, industrial boots etc.) particularly during construction.
 There must be fully equipped First Aid kits on site and a safety officer who has First Aid
training and knowledge of safety procedures.
 In addition, the contractor must have insurance for the workmen. The contractor will be
required to adhere to Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) of 2007, especially the
building operations and works of engineering construction rules and its subsidiary and
supplementary regulations on safety and public health in the construction activities.

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APPENDICES

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