QUICK READ AND ASSIMILIATION ON CSC 315

COMPOSED BY PETER TOPE BLESSING (B.SC) – 07014312797

NB: NOT TO BE USED FOR EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE. CONSEQUENCES ARE ON YOU!!!

THE CONTENT OF THIS MATERIAL CUT ACROSS THE FIVE TOPICS GIVEN TO US BY MR. UGWU:
1. Preprocessors
2. Comments
3. Variables
4. If-else Statements
5. Function
Study meaning of each term and make sure to read beyond the context of this material. IT DOES NO HARM!!!

#include <stdio.h> //Preprocessor (Header file). Stdio = standard input and output
#include <stdbool.h> // To use boolean

//COMMENTS IN C
//1. Single line, 2. multiline

//1. i am a single line comment

/* 2. i am a
multi line
comment */

//Main method that returns an integer (0)

int main(){

//DATA TYPES SPECIFIER

/*
short "%d"
int "%d"
long long int "%lld"
float "%f"
double "%lf"
char "%c"
Array of char[] "%s"
bool "%d"
NB: BY DEFAULT ALL THESE DATATYOES ARE SIGNED
*/

//VARIABLES IN C
//synthax for declaring variables in c:
/*
1. datatype VariableName; FOR VARIABLE DECLARATION.
VariableName = value; TO INITIALISE VariableName
E.g
int myAge; myAge declaration. here int is the data type
myAge = 10; myAge initialization. here 10 is the value
2. datatype variableName = value; //DECLARATION and Initialization
E.g
int yourAge = 11;
*/

//using "%d" to output smallNum

short smallNum = 30000; //short is used for not large positve/negative number
printf("%d",smallNum);

//using "%d" to output largeNum

int largeNum = 300000000; //int is used for large positve/negative number
printf("\n%d",largeNum);

// \n is just to add new line to our code.

// using "%lld" to output largerNum

long long int largerNum = 30000000000; //long long int is used for larger
//postive/negative number
printf("\n%lld",largerNum);

//using "%f" to output floating number

const float PI = 3.142; //const is constant. PI value cannot be changed
printf("\n%f", PI);

//using "%lf" to output slightly large floating number

double circumference = 30.7896547;
printf("\n%lf",circumference);

//Generally both float and double usually results in 6 decimal places.

//use below format to get desired output

//using "%lf" to output slightly large floating number

double _2Decimalcircumference = 30.7896547;
printf("\n %.2lf",_2Decimalcircumference); //"mind the .2 before %lf"

float twoDecimalcircumference = 30.7896547;

printf("\n %.2f",twoDecimalcircumference); //"mind the .2 before %f"

//You can set it to decimal point of your choice, maximum usually being 16 decimal places
//Its best practise to use double more than float
//because double is of more higher precision

//using "%c" to output single character

char singleLetter = 'a'; //mind the single quote ''
printf("\n%c",singleLetter);

//using "%s" to output array of characters. i.e something like String. but there is no Str
ing in c
char multipleLetters[] = "I am just an array of Characters not a String";
//mind the double quote ""
printf("\n%s",multipleLetters);
//using "%s" to output array of characters. but in this case some specific amount of chara
cters
char specificmultipleLetters[33] = "I am just an array of Characters not a String";
//mind the double quote "" and number parsed inside []. i need just 33 characters
printf("\n%s",specificmultipleLetters);

bool iAmTrue = true; //To use boolean in c, #include <stdbool.h> must be included at the t
op file
printf("\n%d", iAmTrue);

return 0; //return 0 terminates the main method

CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS

//IF STATEMENT

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h> //to use string functions e.g
//strcmpi which compare strings and ingore case

int main(){
//IF-ELSE WITH ARRAY OF CHARACTERS
char name[] = "Bsc";
char name1[4];
printf("Enter Your name: ");
scanf("%s",&name1); //Scanf is used to collect inputs without space from users
//e.g your first name.
//use fgets function if there is need to collect inputs with space eg. your fullname

if(strcmpi(name,name1) == 0){
printf("\nYes %s is the name",name);
}else{
printf("Name does not match");
}

//EQUIVALENT TERNARY OPERATOR to the above if-else statement

(strcmpi(name,name1) == 0)? printf("\nYes %s is the name",name):printf("\nName does not ma
tch");
//IF-ELSE WITH NUMBER
int age;
printf("\nEnter Your Age: ");
scanf("%d",&age);

if(age == 18){
printf("Age is %d",age);
}else{
 printf("Age is not displayed because age is not 18");
}

//USING SWITCH. SWITCH WORKS SAME WAY AS IF ELSE STATEMENT

int value;
printf("\nFor value, Enter 1 or 2 ");
printf("\nENTER VALUE: ");
scanf("%d",&value);

switch(value){
case 1:
printf("You entered 1\n");
break; //Without break it will keep printing to the last line
case 2:
printf("You entered 2");
break;
default:
printf("Value entered is not valid");

return 0;

LOGICAL OPERATOR IN C

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <ctype.h>

int main(){
int age = 15;
bool ageChecker = false;

//AND (&&) OPERATOR. both must be true

if (age >= 0 && ageChecker){ //You can add more && as possible
printf("Both are true");
}else if(age != 0 && ageChecker == 0){
printf("\nOne or both is/are wrong. AND operator making sure i'm both True");
}else{
printf("\nNothing is happening here");
}

//OR (||) OPERATOR

char firstLetterOfMyName = 'F';

char firstLetterOfMyAliasName;
printf("\nEnter First Letter of my alias name: ");
scanf("%c",firstLetterOfMyAliasName);
firstLetterOfMyAliasName = toupper(firstLetterOfMyAliasName);
if (firstLetterOfMyName == 'F' || firstLetterOfMyAliasName == 'B') //One or both must be t
rue
{
printf("\nYeah that is right. OR operator got the best of me.");
}else{
printf("\nYou can't get this printed");
}

//NOT (!) OPERATOR

bool imGonnaTurnFalse = true;

if (!imGonnaTurnFalse){
printf("\nYeah, you've been turned False");
}else
{
printf("\nFuck, i've been Turned Off by this stupid NOT operator\n\n");
}

return 0;

MATH FUNCTION IN C

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main(){
double A = sqrt(16);
double B = pow(3,3);
int C = round(4.55);
int D = ceil(3.55);
int E = floor(3.55);
double F = fabs(-2);
double G = log(10);
double H = sin(90);
double I = cos(90);
double J = tan(90);
printf("sqrt func %.2lf\n",A);
printf("pow func %.2lf\n",B);
printf("round func %.2d\n",C);
printf("ceil func %.2d\n",D);
printf("floor func %.2d\n",E);
printf("fabs func %.2lf\n",F);
printf("log func %.2lf\n",G);
printf("sin func %.2lf\n",H);
printf("cos func %.2lf\n",I);
printf("tan func %.2lf\n",J);
printf("\nBASIC MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS");
}
FUNCTION IN C

// Function is also methods. dont get confused!

// self declared functions usually come before the main method

#include <stdio.h>

//create a calc function with two parameter with both being of integer type
int calc(int x, int y){
int sum = x+y;
printf("The result of x and y is: %d",sum);
return sum;
// return x+y; works same way
}

int main(){
int x,y;
printf("Enter value for x: ");
scanf("\n%d", &x);
printf("Enter value for y: ");
scanf("%d", &y);

calc(x,y); //FUNCTION CALL. you call functions outside the main function in the main funct
ion
return 0;

//Lets take a look at Function Protoype which checks for misssing arguments
//and also makes the main method come before any other self declared method
}

FUNCTION PROTOTYPE IN C

#include <stdio.h>

//with Function prototype u dont have to input the variable name(s) in the parameter.
//Just the data type is enough

void details(char[],int,char[]); //Function prototype-Checks for missing argument

//and gives error if argument parsed is not complete or overcomplete

int main(){
char* name = "Flourish De B.sc";
int age = 10;
char gender[] = "Male";

// Without function prototype details(name,age) with one missing parameter (gender);

// will compile but will display unwanted characters where gender is supposed to be at.

details(name,age,gender);
return 0;
}
void details(char* name, int age,char gender[]){
printf("\nYour name is %s \n", name);
printf("Your age is %d \n", age);
printf("And Your gender is %s", gender);
}

I WISH YOU SUCCESS AMIGO!