Respiratory System

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The Respiratory System

Do you know that each day we breathe about twenty thousand times? Breathing is so important to life that it happens
automatically. All of us cannot live without breathing. All of this breathing could not happen without help from the
respiratory system.
Breathing is the process that delivers oxygen to where it is needed in the body and removes carbon dioxide. All
animals need oxygen to live. Land animals get oxygen from the air. We breathe in to allow oxygen to move into our
bloodstream and we breathe out to remove carbon dioxide from our blood. The oxygen is carried in the blood to all cells of
the body. And did you know that the air we breathe out has 100 times more carbon dioxide than the oxygen we breathe in.
And what organ is in- charge when it comes to breathing?
If you guessed your lungs, you are right. Your lungs make up one of the largest organs in your body and they work in
your respiratory system to allow you to breathe.
Air flows into your body through the nose of mouth and enters a specific pathway for air. These pathways carry air into
our lungs. Then these split off where they become smaller and smaller. In the end, the pathways are attached to small air
sacs where the exchange of oxygen from the air for carbon dioxide occurs.
Parts and Its Functions

The human respiratory system is composed of the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea bronchi, and lungs. It is
liable for the method of respiration that's vital to the survival of wing beings.
 Nose and Mouth (Nasal Cavity)

The nose is what we normally use to inhale and exhale. It has two holes called nostrils through which air passes.
The skin lining both nostrils is embedded with tiny hairs called cilia, which act like a filter to catch dust and other small
particles in the air we breathe. The mouth is what we use to breathe when we need more air than what can be taken in
through the nostrils, as when we pant or puff when we are exhausted.
 Pharynx and Larynx

The pharynx is the opening just behind the nose and mouth and is part of both the respiratory and digestive systems.
Both food and air pass through the pharynx: it is lined with tissues called tonsils which can partially obstruct the passage
of either of the two. Like when swallowing, respiration is interrupted. The pharynx ends in the esophagus and the larynx.
The larynx is also known as the “voice box" because it houses the vocal chords and the different muscles used in
producing sounds. The epiglottis, a cartilage found at the top of the larynx, aids in closing it tightly to prevent the passage
of food or liquids.
 Trachea and Bronchi

The trachea also referred to as the windpipe, is a tube through which respiratory gas transport takes place. It is lined
with ciliated cells to push particles out, and cartilage rings to guard it against pressure when breathing. The end of the
trachea is split into two tubes called the bronchi, which also have several thin walled branches called bronchioles.
These bronchioles lead to air sack called alveoli, where most of the gas exchange happens.
 Lungs
The lungs are the most essential organ for respiration. They consist of a cluster of bronchioles and alveoli blood
vessels, and elastic tissue. Their main function is to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream, and to excrete carbon dioxide
into the air.
Mechanism of Breathing
Inhalation (inspiration) and exhalation (expiration) are the processes by which the body takes in oxygen and
expels carbon dioxide during breathing. You breathe with the help of the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles
between your ribs. The diaphragm is shaped like a parachute and located below your lungs. It divides the chest cavity
from the abdomen, while intercostal muscles are located between your ribs.
 Breathing in (Inhalation)
Then you breathe in (inhale), your diaphragm contracts(tightens) and moves downward. In this way, it could provide a
bigger space for your lungs to expand in the chest cavity. Also, the intercostal muscles help widen the area in the chest
cavity. They contract to pull your rib cage both upward and outward when you breathe.
As your lungs expand air enters the nose and mouth, traveling towards your windpipe and into your lungs.
 Breathing out (Exhalation)
When you breathe out (exhale) your diaphragm relaxes and moves upward into the chest cavity. The intercostal muscles
also relax to decrease the area in the chest cavity.
As the space in the chest cavity reduced, carbon dioxide is pushed out of your lungs and windpipe and then out of
your nose or mouth.
Assessment:
I. Identification. Identify the following parts of the respiratory system. Write the correct answer on the blank provided.
1The organ responsible for gas exchange in the body. _______________
1. The voice box, which contains the vocal cords. _______________
2. The large muscle located below the lungs, helping in the breathing process. _______________
3. Tiny hair-like structures in the nostrils that filter dust and particles. _______________
4. The two large branches from the trachea that lead to the lungs. ______________
II. Enumeration
1. List down the parts of the human respiratory system.
III. Fill in the Blanks

Complete the sentences with the appropriate words.
1. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in small air sacs called __________.
2. During inhalation, the diaphragm __________ and moves __________ to allow the lungs to expand.
3. The __________ muscles, located between the ribs, help widen the chest cavity during inhalation.
4. __________ is the process by which oxygen enters the bloodstream, and carbon dioxide is removed from the
blood.
5. During exhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles __________ to decrease the chest cavity's space.
IV. Question:
Answer the following question in complete sentence.
1. Why is breathing important to human survival?

Respiratory System

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Name:

Year & Section:

The Respiratory System

Parts and Its Functions

 Nose and Mouth (Nasal Cavity)

 Pharynx and Larynx

 Trachea and Bronchi

 Breathing out (Exhalation)

III. Fill in the Blanks

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