Jonas T.
Hingco
Inheritance patterns in animals Natural Science Department
Learning Outcome
• At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
• Explain the chromosomal theory of inheritance
• Describe the structure of the DNA and relate it to its
function
• Understand the contents of the Genetic code and
relate it to the "central dogma"
• Explain the mechanism of how gene is expressed in
eukaryotic organisms
Outline
• Chromosomal Theory and Genetic Linkage
• Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders
• DNA Structure and Function
• Genes and Proteins
• Gene Expression
Chromosomal
Theory of
Inheritance
• This theory states that
chromosomes carry the unit
of heredity (genes)
• It was consistent with Gregor
Mendel’s laws
Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri
Chromosomal Basis
of Inherited Disorders
• Chromosome disorders can be divided into two
categories: abnormalities in chromosome number
and chromosomal structural rearrangements. Some
of it are the following:
• Aneuploidy (an error in chromosome number)
• Polyploidy (more than the correct number of
chromosome sets)
• X inactivation (one of the two X chromosomes
in females is inactivated
Human Karyotype
DNA Structure
and Function
• Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) are
made up of nucleotides
• James Watson, Francis Crick, and
Maclyn McCarty led to our present
day understanding of DNA, while
Rosalind Franklin discovered the X-
ray diffraction pattern of DNA,
which helped to elucidate its
double helix structure.
The four roles DNA plays
are replication,
encoding information,
mutation/recombinatio
n and gene expression.
The Genetic Code
Variation in amino acid
sequence gives rise to
enormous variation in
protein structure and
function.
The Central Dogma:
DNA Encodes RNA;
RNA Encodes Protein
• The Central Dogma states
that genes specify the
sequence of mRNAs, which in
turn specify the sequence of
proteins.
Gene Expression
• The process of turning on a gene to produce RNA and protein is called gene expression.
Summary
• The gene is the physical unit of
inheritance, and genes are
arranged in a linear order on
chromosomes. The behaviors and
interactions of chromosomes
during meiosis explain, at a
cellular level, the patterns of
inheritance that we observe in
populations.
Questions?
