5 Conve leng

Ex NO
Pate

Aim of a
the focallen3th
To de termìne
between

Convex lens y Plottirg 8raPhs

omd V ar between amd

APPaTabus Reuired
SouTce
Convex
len3, Lens holder, Li8ht
oPHc bench.
Metre
Scale,

Fommua:

O
Convex ens
ems
focal length
M

uV m

U-
di8tomce
u oblet
di8tante
V- ímage
Procedure: on screen
clear image of some distant object
.

. Find the rough focal length of convex lens by getting a

the lens upright
the optical bench with
O and 1. Place the needle uprights
on
as
Mark the needle upright
between as shown in Fig..
the same height as the centre of the lens.
. Arange the tips of the needles at convex lens) and
look for
between F and 2F, (nearly 1:5 times the obtained focal length of the
4 Place the needle O
side.
its real, inverted image from the other and needle 0, (the object
between the needle I. (the image needle)
SMove the needle I, remove the parallax
needle). distances u and v.
6 Note the positions of 0, Iand C and find the observed needle and also
the tip of the object
7. Find the index correction for the
distance between optical centre of lens and
for distance between optical centre of lens
and tip of the image needle.
& Repeat the experiment by changing the posidion of0
and v and
index corrections to u and v. Plot the graphs between u

9 Apply
Ray Diagram
Ray CFi8-1

GTa Phical Me thod

1 (Cm)

452

A
U c
foca) leng h

focal len8th
OA = oB =25

L Cm
OA OB cm

Cm

Di8kance object Method

C
focal length
 22

obseryation

object i mage focal lenghm

S-No distancediskance
V-V
u l em ) m Cm Cm LSm2

-26 46-2 o.038 O 021 661

2 A-o -oo36 o014 Lb 6.3

28

-O:o 33 o026 6 56
3 - 30 37-5

- 3 35.3 6T

- 34 33 o O'o3 O030
L614

Mean

=16-6S cm
 Precautions
1. Parallex should be removed tip by tip.
2 Uprights should be vertical.
3 The principal axis should be parallel to the bench scale.
4 The index correction shbould be applied.
5 Eye should lie at least 40 cm away from the tip of image needle.

calculation

u -28Cm
V 4 Cw

-E2)X4) - 1148

U-V
-2-3-41 64

1663 Cmv

Result
Con vex
len3
a
focal lengt
: 1b65 cm
C)u-v meted
r a Phical mettod
u-v

Phical methd =
&ra
 PRISM
ExNO:

Date

Aim
To deternine male o minimum deviation

Plotting 8raph between

for
For
aPriSm
8 a

angle o} incidente Omd omgle o deviation.

APRasatus Required

Pnsm, drawing&ard, awhibe 8heet

A 8lass
Peneil, SCale Omd Protrac tor.
Pins,
draing

Formula-

of glags Prigm
refrach ve mdex
a
The

sin
sin

o Pism
A ngle
mini mum deviation.
D Angle o
Procedure
1. Fix a sheet of white paper on a drawing board.
2 Place the prism on the paper and mark its boundary as shown in Fig. 9(a).
I on the side AB.
3. Remove the prism and draw a normal NI at the point
on the line Pl at (P and ) not less than 10 em separatio-
4 Draw a ine PI an angle 30° with NI. Fix pins
making
5. Place the prism on its position.
with the image=
face AC for inmage of pins P and Q. Fix pins R and S so that they appear in line
6. Look through
the pins P and Q.
1. Remove the prism and join RS to give emergent ray.
D, when produced forward.
Produce RS backward so as to meet PQ point
&
in
deviation angle.
9.Measure angle of emergence, and
of the prism.
10. Also angle
measure BAC (angle of prism, A) in the boundary
of the angle of incidence.
1. Find the angle of deviation for different values
Also measure the angle of prism A.
2Draw a graph between i and 28.
 Angle ot prisin

ncidentr a y

B Bntergen

obser va tion:

S No Angle ot anciderce Angle a deviatiom

30

2 35

A
Model raph

Seale
axis 1 div
axis1 div

Angle********
ol ncidence1
****
 Sn(A+D
M
&in A

Sano34

Sn
(
Sn(

754
O5

/50
M
 Precautions:

I The Pi hs fixed
mUS be
vertica ly.
2 The di8toance between two pi'ns musE
be atleag E tocm
3The value o angle o deviation musE

e betuueen 2 amd 66

A
A The eye Stheuld be kept at least 30Cm

from he he ar e8t Pin

The tehracti ng edge ot the Prism Should
Temain same Omd it Should be marked

On the PnSm

The Pin Should hare 8harp ips.

calcula ion
ot rism CA) =
Angle
deviation D
mihimum

Angle o

sin ( )
sin ( )

ResulE incidene
bekween omgle ot
The 8ra ph deviation
&own
L8hown m
m
af
Omd mgle

gvaph teviabion
E
minimum
ot
AngBe Angle o
fhf he
e PiSm rc
PriSm =
mdex
Refrachyve
The
The
Ex NO 30
0. GTlags lab
pate

Aim

To determi ne refracive index o a

3lass 8tab sina a trarelling mictosCope.

A PPaarus Reuired

A trave lling Micraseope, a 8iass &ab,

IycoPodium Powder.

Formula
index o the gtass
The refraciYe
&ab } the Sab
Real thicKness
= &ab
thicxness ot
PRaranent

8lab
Reading o SPot withot* 8lass

o Spot with Gtlas3 &lab

Reading

Jcopoedium Powdes
Reading o
7
 DiagYam

Microscope

ObserYatjon

Reading of Vernier microscope Real APPaTent RefracHi ve

thicknesshicuness| index
( 1) ( -a)
(Cm) (Cm) (Cm) (Cm)
3 53
39 5:9
7 2
56

9:5 14 .5

Mean - 4451
Ab 3
 31

Procedure
1. Firstly find the vernier constant of the vertical scale of travelling microscope and set the travelling mictos

Setting of the travelling microscope.

) Adjust the position of the eye piece so that the cross-wires are clearly visible.
i) Test the horizontal and vertical setings of the microscope with the spirit level by rotating the levelling s.

2 Mark a spot (cross-mark) with ink on the platform of a travelling

".******* *************************

microscope [lig.
3. Adjust the position of microscope so that the spot is sharp in focus in
the field of view of microscope.
4 Note the main scale and the vernier scale readings on the verical
scale of the microscope (x).
5 Place the glass slab on the spot and again adjust the position of

microscope so that the spot is sharp in focus.

6 Note the main scale and the vernier scale readings on the vertical
scale of the microscope (x).
7. Spread some lycopodium powder on the surface of slab and again
focus the microscope to view the particles clearly visible.
& Note the main scale and the vernier scale readings on the vertical
scale of the microscope (x).
9. Repeat the above experiment for different slabs.

Precautions:
1 The backlash error with the microscope should be avoided by always turning the screw in the same d
the levelling screws.
2 The microscope should be balanced by rotating
when the spot is clearly visible.
3. The observation sbould be taken
cleaned and should be optically worked.
4 The glass slab must be
powder should be spread on the top of slab.
&Only thin layer of lycopodium
 32
calcula Eion

Real thicknesgs (73-x,) = 2-1 cm

APRArent thi ceness (z-xa) = »:4 Cm

Rehecti Ye index

3-2

9.5-74

95-8

14
1 6

Result:
o
o% Hab
Aab : a-1 m
a-1 Om
thicnesS
real
The
The
o &lab
&ab = 1:4em
14 e m
thickhe3s

nE
appare
The == 5l 5
index o l
& aab
b (M)
(4)
ttive
Refra