Fish Loss and Waste Training Course

Conducting Fish Loss and Waste
Assessments
DAY 1
Wednesday 22nd of August 2024
Introductions
Introduce participants attending this workshop (name and

organisation)
What are you hoping
to get from this workshop?
Objectives
1 2 3 4
Familiarize team with Equip team with Ensure team can Empower team to
the methodologies for practical skills for accurately collect data become trainers for
assessing fish loss and conducting fieldwork along fish value chains future staff involved in
waste as outlined in the fish loss and waste
training manual assessments in Somalia
and its importance
Has everyone conducted the FAO fish
loss and waste courses?
What is Fish Loss and Waste?
• Physical loss: reduction in the quantity of fish available.
• Quality loss: when the quality of fish deteriorates, making it less desirable or
reducing its market value.
• Market force loss: reducing in the value or quantity of fish due to market-related
factors. Examples include price fluctuations, market access, consumer demand
etc.
What are Examples of
Physical Loss?
Discarded or damage from Eaten by animals
handling/processing
Attacked or eaten by insects

What are Causes of
Quality Loss?
Time and temperature abuse Inadequate processing
techniques
Storage conditions Poor handling practices

Practical: Real-life Scenario of
Quality and Physical loss
Time
Temperature (external and

internal)
Weight
Measuring External Temperature
© Jeremy Wyatt, La Talin

Measuring Internal Temperature

Methodologies
• Several methodologies reported by the FAO.
• We will be looking at two:

- Exploratory Fish Loss Assessment Method (EFLAM)
- Load Tracking (LT)
Preparation EFLAM
and planning fieldwork
Data processing
LT fieldwork and analysis for
EFLAM
LT data analysis Report of FLW

Exploratory Fish Loss Assessment
Method (EFLAM)
• Uses local knowledge by engaging with fishery operators and post-harvest sector
experts.
• Focusses on qualitative and indicative quantitative data on fish losses.
• Can help identify who is affected by fish loss and waste, the causes and potential
solutions.
• Working with different stakeholders, e.g., fishers, traders, transporters and
processors.
• EFLAM will enable more effective future interventions by involving local
stakeholders within the community.
Exploratory Fish Loss Assessment
Method (EFLAM)
• 1st Stage (Session 1 and Session 2): Familiarisation and focus groups
• 2nd stage (Session 3): Semi-structured key informant interviews
• Final stage (Session 4): Validation meeting

EFLAM Data Form
• Questions are asked to different

stakeholder groups, for example private
sector, fishers, fish traders etc.
• Try to limit open-ended questions,

whoever is recording the data needs to
try and focus the discussion. Some
examples are given.
• Important to record additional elements

which are not part of the discussion.
Practical: EFLAM Data Form
Let's have a look at some of these EFLAM data forms…

What are key points to
consider for the EFLAM?
• Meetings should be arranged in advance and with the guidance of a member of
the local community to select a suitable location for all stakeholders to attend.
• All participants need to have agreed and given consent to take part.
• Make sure everyone has a voice during focus groups.
• Restate project aims and objectives.
• Gender inclusion.
• Take notes of everything (record well).
Load Tracking (LT)
• Main goal is to identify where the most significant losses occur and understand
the causes for these losses.
• It will also provide solutions for fish loss and waste reduction.
• Quantify fish losses at various stages of the supply chain.
• Compares between two points in the supply chain, e.g. landing site and
processing site.
• Involves monitoring and recording weight (or percentage) as well as quality from
the point of catch through the whole value chain to the point of sale.
Landing
Use “landing” data sheets The team will
transport between
each of these,
following the
sample as it moves
Transportation through the supply
Use “transportation” data chain.
sheets
LT Process
Processing
Use “processing” data Details such as the
sheets weight,
temperature, price
per kg will be
recorded at each
Sale stage.
Use “sale” data sheets
LT Field Preparation
• Before you go to the field, all equipment and materials need to be bought.
• The team need to check they all equipment is functional before going to the field.
• Ensure data collection sheets have been printed out.
• Remember that only one species type is followed for each LT conducted.
Landing
Landing Data Sheet
We will now be looking at the landing data sheet (example)

Transportation
Processing Site
Processing Site
Species
• Tuna species (albacore, bigeye, longtail, skipjack and yellowfin)

• Spiny rock lobster
• Groupers
Fish Identification
The following slides were created by the fish ID specialist Libbe Isse Farah
Hordhac Noocyada Kalluunka Ee Bartilmaameedka &
Aqoonsiga Kalluunka
An Introduction to Target Fish Species & Fish Identification
Liban Isse Farah

City University Research Institute (CURI)
Fisheries & Marine Science Faculty at City University of Mogadishu
An Introduction to Target Fish Species &
Fish Identification
Lobsters Bony Fishes
Groupers Tuna Species

Identification of Groupers in Somalia
Blue yellow grouper Somali name:
(Epinephelues flavocaeruleus) Shiish
Identification of Groupers
Potato grouper Somali name:
(Epinephelus tukula) Yaaquuro
Tomato Hind Somali name:
(Cephalopholis. sonnerati) Gaduudo
Yellow edged Lyretail Somali name:
(Variola louti) Gaduudow Caydheere
Roving Coral grouper Somali name:
(Plectropomus pessuliferus) Gaduudow Dhibiclee
Wavy lined grouper Somali name:
(Epinephelues undulosus) Sumayn
Brown spotted grouper Somali name:
(Epinephelues chlorostigma) Farey
Identification of Tuna Species in Somalia
Somali name: Yellow fin tuna
Jeedar (Thunnus albacares)
Key: two small keels, one large keel, no eyelid, > 5 finlets, one lateral line, 2 longitudinal ridges
on tongue, first and second dorsal fins close together, second dorsal fin elongated.
Identification of Tuna Species
Somali name: Big eye tuna
Jeedar (Thunnus obesus)
Somali name: Longtail tuna
Jeedar (Thunnus tonggol)
Somali name: Skippjack tuna
Sanuuro (Katsuwanus pelamis)
Somali name: Kawakawa tuna
Dhiiglow (Euthynnus affinis)
Let’s match the Scientific names with the correct species name
Euthynnus affinis, Epinephelues chlorostigma, Epinephelues flavocaeruleus, Thunnus
obesus, Epinephelues undulosus
Identification of Lobsters in Somalia
Somali name: Painted Spiny lobster

Cagaartoy (Panulirus versicolor)
Somali name: Pronghorn spiny lobster

Sharqaan (Panulirus penicillatus)
Somali name: Ornate spiny lobster

Muusaawi (Panulirus ornatus)
Large eyespot near base

of pleura accompanied by
an oblique pale streak
Somali name: Ornate spiny lobster

Gaduudey (Panulirus longipes)
Only 2 large
spines
Somali name: Scalloped spiny lobster

Shiiqaaley (Panulirus homarus)
Activity
Pick up Cagaartoy_Painted Spiny lobster (Panulirus versicolor) & Muusaawi_Ornate spiny lobster
(Panulirus ornatus)
Sources
Keerthana, P. S., Gopan, S., Rajabudeen, R., Fathima, R., Shibu, K., Nisha, R., ... & Sreekanth, G. B. (2022). Post-harvest losses
in the fisheries sector-facts, figures, challenges and strategies. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 10(4), 101-108.
Ward, A., & Signa, D. (2017). Reducing post-harvest fish losses for improved food security.
Abelti, A. L., & Teka, T. A. (2024). Intervening fish post-harvest losses to narrow the gap between demand and supply: A
review on magnitude of fish post-harvest losses in some Sub-Saharan African countries. Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries, 4(2),
e168.
https://www.fao.org/4/v8730e/v8730e00.htm#Contents
Mahadsanidiin
Thanks
Yellowfin Tuna
© Tracy Murai, MEP
© Sportsfishingmag
Albacore
Dark stripe
running along
back
Long pectoral fins

Bigeye tuna
© Sportsfishingmag
© Tracy Murai, MEP
Skipjack Tuna
© Tracy Murai, MEP

Longtail Tuna
Lobster (Spiny)
DAY 2
Thursday 23rd of August 2024
Practical: Market Data
The team went out to the field to trial collecting data from the market using Kobo
toolbox.
Challenges and Solutions for
in the Field
The team discussed the challenges and solutions in the field
What are the highlights or
key things you’ve learnt?
Closing Remarks
By the end of this training workshop, the team wil have gained the
necessary skills and knowledge to effectively assess fish loss and waste
in Somalia.
Distribute the training manual and guide on fish loss and waste
in Somalia.
Tools and Resources
• Akande, G., & Diei-Ouadi, Y. (2010). Post-harvest losses in small-scale fisheries.

Case studies in five sub-Saharan African countries. Rome: FAO.
• FAO. (2023). Fish loss assessment methods. Retrieved from FAO elearning
Academy. https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=567
• FAO. (2020). FAO elearning Academy. Retrieved from Food loss and waste in fish
value chains: https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=567
• Identification of tuna
https://www.issfguidebooks.org/observer-3-05
• Ward, A. R., & Jeffries, D. J. (2000). A manual for assessing post-harvest fisheries
losses. Chatham: Natural Resource Institute.
Thank you
for listening!
Practical: Real-life Scenario of
Quality and Physical loss
Time
Temperature (external and

internal)
Weight

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Conducting Fish Loss and Waste

Introduce participants attending this workshop (name and

Attacked or eaten by insects

Storage conditions Poor handling practices

Temperature (external and

© Jeremy Wyatt, La Talin

© Jeremy Wyatt, La Talin

• Several methodologies reported by the FAO.

• We will be looking at two:

LT data analysis Report of FLW

• 2nd stage (Session 3): Semi-structured key informant interviews

• Final stage (Session 4): Validation meeting

• Questions are asked to different

• Try to limit open-ended questions,

• Important to record additional elements

Let's have a look at some of these EFLAM data forms…

We will now be looking at the landing data sheet (example)

• Tuna species (albacore, bigeye, longtail, skipjack and yellowfin)

Liban Isse Farah

Lobsters Bony Fishes

Groupers Tuna Species

Somali name: Painted Spiny lobster

Somali name: Pronghorn spiny lobster

Somali name: Ornate spiny lobster

Large eyespot near base

Somali name: Ornate spiny lobster

Somali name: Scalloped spiny lobster

© Tracy Murai, MEP

Long pectoral fins

© Tracy Murai, MEP

© Jeremy Wyatt, La Talin

• Akande, G., & Diei-Ouadi, Y. (2010). Post-harvest losses in small-scale fisheries.

Temperature (external and

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