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10 Standard – Maths Formulas 10. Onto function
Every element in B has a pre – image in A.
SEQUENCES AND SERIES
SETS AND FUNCTIONS
I) Arithmetic progression
1. Power set n[P(A)] = 2n(A) 1. General form a, a+d, a+2d, a+3d…..
2. Symmetric difference 2. General term (or) nth term T n = a + (n – 1) d
i) XΔY = (X\Y)(Y\X) 3. Common difference d = t2 – t1 = …. = t n – t n – 1
ii) XΔY = (XY)\(XY) 4. Number of terms in an A.P n= +1
3. Commutative property 5. Sum of n terms of an A.P
a) AB = BA a) S n = [2a + (n – 1) d]
b) AB = BA
b) S n = [a + l]
4. Associative property
6. If 3 terms in A.P are a–d,a,a+d
a) A(BC) = (AB)C
II) Geometric progression
b) A(BC) = (AB)C
7. General form a, ar, ar2, ar3, ……., arn.
5. Distributive property th
8. General term (or) n term T n = arn – 1.
a) A(BC) = (AB)(AC)
9. Common ratio r= = = ……. = .
b) A(BC) = (AB)(AC)
10. Sum to n terms of a G.P
6. De – Morgan’s laws of set difference
a) A\(BC) = (A\B)(A\C) a) If r > 1 Sn=
b) A\(BC) = (A\B)(A\C) b) If r < 1 Sn=
7. De – Morgan’s laws c) If r = 1 S n = na
a) (AB) = AB
d) Sum of infinite series S =
b) (AB) = AB
11. If 3 terms in G.P are , a , ar
8. Cardinality of sets
a) n(AB) = n(A) + n(B) – n(AB) III) Special series
b) n(ABC) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) – n(AB) – n(BA) – a) = 1 + 2 + 3 + …….+ n =
n(AC) + n(ABC) b) = 12 + 22 + 32 + …….+ n2 =
9. One – one function
Every different element of A has a different image in B. c) = 13 + 23 + 33 + …….+ n3 =
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d) = 1 + 3 + 5 + …. + (2n – 1) = 20. Let α and β are the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 then
21. α2 + β2 = (α+β)2 – 2αβ
12. Fibonacci sequence
F1 = F2 = 1 Fn = Fn + Fn+1 n = 3, 4, 5 ….. 22. │α – β│ =
1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89……. 23. α3 + β3 = (α+β)3 – 3αβ(α+β)
24. α3 – β3 = (α – β)3 + 3αβ(α – β)
ALGEBRA 25. + =
1. (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
2. (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2 26. + = =
3. a2 – b2 = (a+b)(a – b) CO – ORDINATE GEOMETRY
4. i) (a+b)3 = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3
1. Distance between any two points
ii) (a+b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab(a+b)
5. a + b = (a+b)3 – 3ab(a+b)
3 3
D= units
6. a3 + b3 = (a+b)(a2 – ab + b2)
7. i) (a–b)3 = a3 + 3a2b – 3ab2 – b3 2. Area of a triangle A = sq. units
ii) (a- b)3 = a3 – b3 – 3ab(a+b)
3 3 3
8. a –b = (a–b) + 3ab(a – b) 3. Area of a quadrilateral A = sq. units
9. a3 – b3 = (a – b)(a2 + ab + b2)
4. Section formula internally is P = ( )
10. (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ac
11. (x + a)(x + b) = x2 + (a + b)x + ab 5. Section formula externally is P = ( )
12. (x + a)(x + b)(x + c) = x3 + (ab + bc + ac)x2 + (a + b + c)x + abc
13. General form of a quadratic equation 6. Midpoint formula M(x, y) = ( )
i) ax2 + bx + c = 0
7. Centroid of a triangle G(x, y) = ( )
ii) x2 – (sum of roots)x + product of roots = 0
2
14. Let ax + bx + c = 0 be a quadratic equation then the value of x is 8. Slope of a straight line
a) m = tanθ θ≠900 when θ is given
x=
15. Product rule am × an = am+n 9. m = 1≠ x2 when two points given

16. Division rule = am – n m<n: an ≠ 0. 10. m = when ax + by + c = 0 is given

17. Power rule (am)n = amn 11. Equation of a straight line
18. (a×b)m = am × bm a) General format ax + by + c = 0
19. m
= b) Intercept form y = mx + c
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c) One point is given y – y1 = m(x – x1) ii) coscec2θ– cot2θ = 1  cosec2θ = 1 + cot2θ  cot2θ = cosec2θ –1
d) Two points are given = iii) sec2θ– tan2θ = 1  sec2θ = 1 + tan2θ  tan2θ = sec2θ – 1
12. Trigonometry θ value table
e) x intercept(a), y intercept (b) is given + =1 Θ 00 300 450 600 900
Sinθ 0 1
12. Equation of x – axis y=0
13. Equation of y – axis x=0 Cosθ 1 0
14. Parallel to x – axis y=k
15. Parallel to y – axis x=k Tanθ 0 1 
16. Parallel to ax + by + c = 0 is ax + by + k = 0.
Cosecθ  2 1
17. Perpendicular to ax + by + c = 0 is bx – ay + k = 0.
Secθ 1 2 

Cotθ  1 0
TRIGONOMETRY
1. sinθ =

2. cosθ = MENSURATION

3. tanθ = I) Solid right circular cylinder

1) Curved surface Area = 2rh sq. units
4. cosecθ = Reciprocal of sinθ = 2) Total surface Area = 2r(h + r) sq. units
3) Volume = r2h cu. units
5. secθ = Reciprocal of cosθ = II) Right circular hollow cylinder
1) Curved surface Area = 2h(R + r) sq. units
6. cotθ = Reciprocal of tanθ =
2) Total surface Area = 2(R + r)(R – r + h) sq. units
7. tanθ = 3) Volume = h( R + r)(R – r)h cu. units
III) Solid right circular cylinder
8. cotθ =
1) Curved surface Area = rl sq. units
9. cosecθ = 2) Total surface Area = r(l + r) sq. units
10. secθ = 3) Volume = r2h cu. units
11. Pythagorean identities IV) Sphere
i) sin2 θ+ cos2θ = 1  cos2θ = 1 – sin2θ  sin2θ = 1 – cos2θ 1) Curved surface Area = 4r2 sq. units
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2) Volume = r cu. units
3
v) Standard deviation for first n Natural numbers σ =
V) Hollow sphere Volume = (R3 – r3) cu. Units
vi) Standard deviation =
VI) Solid hemisphere
vii) Coefficient of variance (C.V) = × 100
1) Curved surface Area = 2r2 sq. units
2) Total surface Area = 3r2 sq. units PROBABILITY
3) Volume = r cu. Units
3 1. A random experiment is one which is the exact outcome cannot be
predicted before conducting the experiment.
VII) Hollow hemisphere
2. The set of all possible outcomes of a random experiment is called
1) Curved surface Area = 2(R2 – r2)sq. units its sample space. It is denoted by S.
2) Total surface Area = (3R2+ r2) sq. units
3. P(A) =
3) Volume = (R3 – r3) cu. Units
VIII) A sector of a circle converted into cone 4. P(A) =
1) CSA of a cone = Area of the sector 5. If A and B are two mutually exclusive events, then AB = 
rl = × r cu. Units
2 6. The probability of an event A lies between 0 and 1.
0  P(A)  1
IX) Frustum Volume = h(R2 + r2 + Rr)
7. P(A) + P(A) = 1.
X) Volume of water flows out through a pipe = (cross section area × Speed × Time)
8. Addition theorem on probability
 
= +
STATISTICS
1. Range = highest value – lowest value 9. Probability of sure event is 1.
10. Probability of impossible event is 0.
2. The coefficient of range =
3. Standard deviation

i) Direct method σ =

ii) Actual mean method σ =

iii) Assumed mean method σ = d=x–A

iv) Step deviation method σ = ×C d=

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